Abstract
Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare entity in paediatrics with congenital heart disease representing the most common risk factor. Only few cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) related IE in paediatrics were reported in the literature and the risk of IE complicating HCM is still not well defined especially in paediatric population. HCM is a primary genetic myocardial disease characterized by asymmetric ventricular septal hypertrophy that cannot be explained by abnormal loading conditions. Although, it is a common genetic disorder in adults, it is rare in the paediatric population and is an uncommon substrate for infective endocarditis. Our objective is to report an unusual case of infective mitral endocarditis complicated by rupture of cerebral mycotic aneurysm in a 10-year-old child with previously unknown obstructive HCM illustrating the emerging role of obstructive HCM as a risk condition in paediatric IE with intercurrent neurologic complications aggravating the patient’s clinical status despite successful medical and surgical treatments.