Telemedicine Adoption Among Nigerian Clinicians: Development and Validation of the Clinicians’ Telemedicine Adoption Model (CTAM).

This study explores the key factors that influence the adoption of telemedicine among Nigerian clinicians. It introduces the Clinicians’ Telemedicine Adoption Model (CTAM), an extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), developed through a cross-sectional survey of 302 clinicians across eight government hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. Using SmartPLS 2.0 for structural equation modelling, the study examined relationships among Clinicians’ Telemedicine Adoption Model (CTAM) variables and analysed demographic factors including age, gender, and profession as potential moderators. The findings show that Clinicians’ Telemedicine Adoption Model (CTAM) accounts for 45% of the variance in clinicians’ behavioural intention to use telemedicine systems. Specifically, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Social Influence, and Reinforcement Factors significantly influenced clinicians' intention to adopt telemedicine, consistent with the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Furthermore, Human Factors were significantly moderated by younger clinicians, while the medical doctor profession significantly moderated the influence of Organisational Factors. Reinforcement Factors were also significantly moderated by age, gender, and profession. By understanding these determinants, hospital management boards and the Federal Ministry of Health can be better equipped to support the successful implementation of Nigeria’s national health ICT strategic framework, paving the way for more effective, technology-enhanced healthcare delivery in the near future.