Abstract
Thailand is facing major mental health challenges due to a constellation of factors including rapid socio-economic changes and pressures on vulnerable populations. These cause many Thais to experience stress, anxiety, depression, isolation and suicidal ideation. Mental health is a public health priority; yet, mental health and psycho- social support services (MHPSS) are failing to meet some specific basic needs in mental health promotion, prevention and responsive care. MHPSS efficacy is limited by significant gaps in addressing the mental health needs of four overlapping key populations: LGBTQI+, sex workers, migrant workers and drug users. Adolescents and youth from these are a particular concern. Currently, these key populations are effectively excluded from the National Plan for Mental Health (2018-2037). Because they are at higher risk of HIV exposure, the deficit in MHPSS is detrimental to epidemic control and ending AIDS by 2030. To better understand the mental health needs of the four abovementioned key populations, we conducted a rapid situation analysis of mental health issues that they experience. We used an analytical framework to investigate the salient factors shaping their mental health in terms of four social domains. These are as follows: i) the family and home; ii) the school; iii) the workplace; and iv) the community. We also conducted a rapid assessment of MHPSS in relation to access and uptake of services by the four key populations. Data were obtained through qualitative research involving key informant interviews enhanced by a literature review of mental health among key populations in Thailand.