Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are a relatively recent treatment option in dentistry. Although, the roots of its underlying principles can be traced to the early 1970s, the first clinical application did not take place until 2001. These procedures can help revolutionize the treatment of immature permanent teeth, where the development of the root has ceased due to the infection destroying the capabilities of the tooth to do so.
The conventional treatment modality of apexification, simply involved the formation of a hard tissue barrier, upon which conventional obturation of the root canal system was performed. However, this method does not reinforce the structurally compromised root. In contrast, REPs not only eradicate infection but also promote continued root development, increasing both root length and dentinal wall thickness.
Current clinical evidence supports a favourable prognosis for REPs, particularly in achieving disinfection. In cases of failure, the procedure can be repeated or alternative treatments such as apexification or conventional non-surgical root canal therapy may be employed, offering clinicians multiple management pathways, which can be presented to patients. This article reviews clinical considerations and recommended protocols, providing clinicians with comprehensive data to support implementation in practice.