Abstract
The therapeutic application of Platelet-Rich Plasma for osteoarthritis has shown promising regenerative potential. However, there is a notable lack of information regarding the morphological characteristics of platelets within Platelet-Rich Plasma. Additionally, existing centrifugation methods rarely address their impact on platelet morphology and quality.
Objective: This study aims to describe and analyze the cytological morphology of platelets obtained through a single centrifugation protocol for Platelet-Rich Plasma preparation in patients with osteoarthritis.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted using 54 blood samples obtained from osteoarthritis patients (Kellgren & Lawrence Grades I-III). Blood samples were centrifuged at 3200 rpm for 15 minutes. Platelet-Rich Plasma blood smears were prepared, stained using Hemacolor, and evaluated under optical microscope by a professional histopathologist. Platelet morphology was assessed for size, granularity, membrane integrity, and aggregation. The platelet distribution patterns (scattered or clumped), and morphology (normal, diluted, or damaged) were documented.
Results: Out of the 54 samples analyzed, 83% (45/54) exhibited normal platelet morphology characterized by uniform size, intact membranes, and appropriate granularity, as illustrated in Figure 1. Hemodilution was identified in 15% (8/54) of the samples, leading to lower platelet concentrations, while 2% (1/54) presented damaged platelets with irregular shapes and disrupted membranes. Platelet distribution was predominantly scattered (85%), which is indicative of effective separation during centrifugation, while 15% of the samples showed clumping, potentially reflecting premature activation during processing.
Conclusion: The single centrifugation protocol at 3200 rpm effectively preserved platelet morphology in 83% of the samples, supporting its utility for Platelet-Rich Plasma preparation. This study highlights the critical role of preserving platelet morphology in Platelet-Rich Plasma quality and suggests that further research should be conducted to explore the relationship between platelet integrity and the release of growth factors. Developing standardized methodologies to assess and preserve platelet morphology will be vital to improving Platelet-Rich Plasma preparation and ensuring its regenerative potential. The presence of hemodilution and damaged platelets in a subset of samples reveals areas for optimization in centrifugation protocols.