Climate change affects health through rising temperatures, extreme weather, altered infectious-disease patterns, worsening air quality, and pressure on food and health systems. These effects do not occur in isolation. Environmental conditions interact with clinical vulnerability, occupation, geography, infrastructure, and access to care, making climate-related health risks both a biomedical and a public-health concern.

This theme issue brings together recent Medical Research Archives articles examining several points along that pathway. The collection considers vector-borne disease, pollution and respiratory health, lower-impact clinical practice, urban food systems, and community-level One Health action. Together, the articles show why effective responses must connect clinical evidence with environmental stewardship, prevention, and locally grounded implementation.