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In Spring 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic reached the United States, schools closed to mitigate the spread of the virus. While online learning platforms provided alternatives to in-person education, children of all ages and educational needs faced unique challenges adapting to new methods of education delivery. Developmental and educational effects varied between children at different grade levels. Through this review, we outline challenges faced by students based on their stage of education. We also consider the effects of the pandemic on special education, disadvantaged populations, and students with mental health challenges. Moreover, we suggest that in-person activities are paramount to a child’s educational and personal development, and they should be continued in the setting of appropriate safety guidelines, even in the midst of a global pandemic.