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Life expectancy is a key indicator for assessing the population health, as it includes an estimate of lifetime mortality rates from various causes. Since 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the main cause of increased mortality and decreased life expectancy. This is mainly due to unfavorable outcomes of COVID-19 in the acute period. Currently, more and more data is accumulating regarding the negative impact of an incurred COVID-19 on the aging rates and the development of cardiovascular complications, which persists for a long time after the pathogen is eliminated from the body. It is believed that the development of systemic endotheliopathy can be a key mechanism of such long-term outcomes. Despite the widespread distribution of this infection in the population and the large number of cases of prolonged COVID-19 syndrome, the results on the long-term impact of COVID-19 on the development and course of endotheliopathy are scattered and do not provide a comprehensive understanding of risk factors and possible methods of prevention of such endotheliopathies, that could be used for practical needs. Therefore, our review summarized data on the pathogenetic mechanism of development, course features and risk factors of endotheliopathies in relation to COVID-19. We also presented methods of prevention of systemic endotheliopathy in patients with a history of COVID-19 with an emphasis on the dietary component and included our own research results regarding this matter.