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Abstract

Purpose of review:  Among pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the Aspergillus is commonly found in sputum causing various pulmonary infections. However, the prevalence and clinical impact is still unclear. The aim was to show prevalence of three Aspergillus pulmonary infections: Aspergillus bronchitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in the period 2007-2011 in a pediatric CF population (<18 years), and relate them to gender, age and lung function.

Recent findings: Aspergillus pulmonary infections are a considerable problem among children with CF. Almost 40% of the CF children suffered from an Aspergillus pulmonary infection within the 5-year study period. Aspergillus bronchitis was the most common manifestation, seen from an early age and throughout childhood, whereas ABPA and IPA were rarely seen in children below 7 years of age. We found no difference in gender distribution when comparing the three diagnoses. In the majority of CF patients, lung function declined during an Aspergillus pulmonary infection.

Summary: Aspergillus pulmonary infections in CF patients under the age of 18 years are frequent and probably underestimated. The majority of patients with Aspergillus pulmonary infections experienced a decline in lung function.