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Background: Asthma is a chronic allergic disease characterized by variable airflow limitation; Obesity is a chronic disease that has reached epidemic proportions globally. Both are diseases with a significant inflammatory component, and their relationship suggests being weight dependent. Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) is the main adipokine secreted by white adipose tissue, it is an insulin synthesizer and regulator of energy homeostasis, and its plasma levels are inversely correlated with obesity and asthma. The effect of genetic factors in both diseases has been investigated, and haplotypes of the ADIPOQ 45 T/G (rs2241766) and ADIPOQ 276 G/T (rs1501299) polymorphisms have been related.

Aims: To know de polymorphisms frequency of ADIPOQ 45 and ADIPO 276 in obese and eutrophic adolescents with and without asthma, likewise, link the adiponectin levels with the presence of such polymorphisms. 

Methods: An observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study in which 169 Mexican adolescents were recruited. Thirty mL of blood was taken from each individual; genomic DNA was extracted using the saline expulsion technique and quantified by spectrophotometry; two polymorphisms located in the promoter region were studied: ADIPOQ 45 and ADIPOQ 276; the determination of the different polymorphisms was carried out using TaqMan probes using real-time PCR (qPCR) using the commercial kit TaqMan One Step RT-PCR mastermix, the RNA extraction was carried out with Trizol Ls (Invitrogen), and the fluorescence was quantified employing the 7900HT ABI PRISM real-time computer SDS software.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences between ADIPOQ 276 and ADIPOQ 45 polymorphisms in asthmatic and obese patients. Compared to the control group, a negative correlation was observed between adiponectin plasmatic levels in obese and asthmatic individuals.

Conclusion: The ADIPOQ 276 and ADIPOQ 45 polymorphisms do not seem to be associated with asthma and obesity in the Mexican population. It is necessary to continue studying these polymorphisms and consider larger populations.