Approaches and Contributions of Music Therapy in the Context of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder - A Mixed Methods Study

Background: Music therapy in the context of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) has received little mention in scientific literature to date. The few contributions describe the skills training as a starting point and see opportunities for integration. Initial research shows positive results in terms of reducing self-harm and improving mindfulness, interpersonal relationships, and emotion regulation. Aims: The question arises as to whether music therapy can be integrated into the (semi) inpatient DBT concept, as well as what benefits and challenges arise. Methods: The study used an adapted form of convergent design as a mixed-methods design. Data and method triangulation took place within the prioritized qualitative data strand. Results: Music therapy shows similarities and therapeutic contributions to all modules of skills training and the therapeutic approach of DBT. In addition, contributions of music therapy arise to the experience of emotions and social integration, the improvement of self-esteem, and the use of listening to and making music as a skill. The integration of DBT elements into music therapy, the integration of the stress tolerance and self-esteem modules, and a combination of group and individual settings are significant predictors of how helpful music therapy is perceived to be. Feelings of shame and interpersonal processes presented challenges. Thematic improvisations, structured improvisations, and receptive interventions proved to be important music therapy interventions in this setting. Conclusion: The results are indicative and express the potential of music therapy within the framework of DBT. Further research on this topic is necessary.