An emerging class of A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins are R2D2-like
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
A precise cellular response to both internal and external stimuli is crucial for the normal growth and development of all organisms. Almost all such responses are now known to be carried out by signal transduction pathways that involve signaling molecules such as receptors, second messengers, modifiers, effectors such as kinases, transcription factors, etc. Of critical importance are the modifiers such as scaffold proteins that impart spatial and temporal regulatory features to the response. A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs) are one such well-studied scaffold proteins that bind to cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and an array of signaling proteins. AKAPs are known to amplify, accelerate, localize and bring about specificity to the response. The AKAP-PKA complex is well studied and it has been found that regulatory subunits of PKA bind to the amphipathic helix of the AKAPs via their dimerization and docking (D/D) domains with what is commonly referred to as the RII-fold. This domain and fold is a characteristic feature of all the known regulatory subunits of PKA. However, recently, some molecules with an RII-fold have become known to bind to the amphipathic helices of AKAPs via their D/D-like domains; among others, these include several sperm proteins such as ropporin, AKAP-associated sperm protein (ASP), Sperm Protein-17 (SP-17) and fibrosheathin II (FSII) and others like DPY-30, RSP9, RSP11 and Myc-Binding Protein-1. The list of these types of proteins is growing and is referred to here as the atypical RII proteins (R2D2 proteins).
Article Details
How to Cite
D'SOUZA, Jacinta Seraphina.
An emerging class of A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins are R2D2-like.
International Biology Review, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 2, aug. 2017.
ISSN 2572-7168.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/ibr/article/view/1450>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/ibr.v1i2.1450.
Keywords
cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP), RII, Protein Kinase A, Dimerization and docking domain
Section
Review Articles
Copyright
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10. Calejo AI, Taskén K. (2015) Targeting protein-protein interactions in complexes organized by A kinase anchoring proteins. Front Pharmacol; 6: 192.
11. Clegg CH, Cadd GG, McKnight GS. (1988) Genetic characterization of a brain-specific form of the type I regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA; 85: 3703–3707.
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14. Dharmarajan V, Lee JH, Patel A, Skalnik DG and Cosgrove MS. (2012) Structural basis for WDR5 interaction (Win) motif recognition in human SET1 family histone methyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem; 287: 27275–27289.
15. Dou Y, Milne TA, Ruthenburg AJ, Lee S, Lee JW, Verdine GL, Allis CD and Roeder RG. (2006) Regulation of MLL1 H3K4 methyltransferase activity by its core components. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol; 13: 713–719.
16. Erlichman J, Rosenfeld R, Rosen OM. (1974) Phosphorylation of a Cyclic Adenosine 3' : 5'-Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinase from Bovine Cardiac Muscle. J. Biol. Chem; 249: 5000–5003.
17. Ernst P, Vakoc CR. (2012) WRAD: enabler of the SET1-family of H3K4 methyltransferases. Brief. Funct. Genomics. 11 217–226.
18. Erlichman J, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Zucker S, Mei X, Orr GA. (1999) Developmental expression of the protein kinase C substrate/binding protein (clone 72/SSeCKS) in rat testis. Eur. J. Biochem; 263: 797–805.
19. Fisher EH, Krebs EG. (1955) Conversion of phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a in muscle extracts. J Biol Chem; 216: 121-32.
20. Fiedler SE, Bajpai M and Carr DW. (2008) Identification and characterization of RHOA-interacting proteins in bovine spermatozoa. Biol Reprod; 78: 184-192.
21. Fiedler SE, Dudiki T, Vijayaraghavan S, Carr DW. (2013) Loss of R2D2 proteins ROPN1 and ROPN1L causes defects in murine sperm motility, phosphorylation, and fibrous sheath integrity. Biol Reprod; 88(2): 41.
22. Fujita A, Nakamura K, Kato T, Watanabe N, Ishizaki T, Kimura K, Mizoguchi A and Narumiya S. (2000) Ropporin, a sperm-specific binding protein of rhophilin, that is localized in the fibrous sheath of sperm flagella. Journal of Cell Science 113, 103-112.
23. Furusawa M, Onishi T, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H. (2000) AMY-1 is a trigger for the erythrocyte differentiation of K562 cells. Int J Oncol; 16: 339–45.
24. Furusawa M, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H. (2002) AMY-1 interacts with SAKAP84 and AKAP95 in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, respectively, and inhibits cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity by preventing binding of its catalytic subunit to A-kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP) complex. J Biol Chem; 277: 50885–92.
25. Furusawa M, Ohnishi T, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H. (2001) AMY-1, a c-Myc binding protein, is localized in the mitochondria of sperm by association with S-AKAP84, an anchor protein of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem; 276: 36647–51.
26. Gill GN, Garren LD. (1970) A cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate dependent protein kinase from the adrenal cortex: comparison with a cyclic AMP binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun; 39: 335–343.
27. Gopal R, Foster KW, Yang P. (2012) The DPY-30 domain and its flanking sequence mediate the assembly and modulation of flagellar radial spoke complexes. Mol Cell Biol; 32: 4012-24.
28. Han B, Poppinga WJ, Schmidt M. (2015) Scaffolding during the cell cycle by A-kinase anchoring proteins. Pflugers Arch. 467(12):2401-11.
29. Hofmann F, Beavo JA, Bechtel PJ, Krebs EG. (1975) Comparison of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases from rabbit skeletal and bovine heart muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 250: 7795–7801.
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