Evidenced Based Education Interventions to Preserve Upper Limb Function Among Full Time Manual Wheelchair Users

Main Article Content

Laura A Rice Ian M Rice

Abstract

Full time manual wheelchair users are at high risk for developing upper limb injuries and pain due to their reliance on the upper limbs to perform a wide variety of functional activities of daily living.  Critical to survival and living well with a disability, even small decrements in functional mobility can lead to depression, social isolation and reduced quality of life.   Treatment strategies to manage pain and injury are often not successful therefore engagement in preventative measures is critical to prevent the disruption of normal activities and performance of necessary social roles. This narrative review highlights key evidenced based training interventions and educational protocols focused on preventing and managing upper limb pain and injury among full time manual wheelchair users.

Article Details

How to Cite
RICE, Laura A; RICE, Ian M. Evidenced Based Education Interventions to Preserve Upper Limb Function Among Full Time Manual Wheelchair Users. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 3, mar. 2017. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/1038>. Date accessed: 19 dec. 2024.
Keywords
Wheelchair; Pain; Education
Section
Review Articles

References

Aljure, J., I. Eltorai, W. E. Bradley, J. E. Lin and B. Johnson (1985). "Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients." PARAPLEGIA 23: 182-186.
Almasbakk, B., H. T. Whiting and J. Helgerud (2001). "The efficient learner." Biol Cybern 84(2): 75-83.
Askari, S., R. L. Kirby, K. Parker, K. Thompson and J. O'Neill (2013). "Wheelchair propulsion test: development and measurement properties of a new test for manual wheelchair users." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 94(9): 1690-1698.
Ballinger, D. A., D. H. Rintala and K. A. Hart (2000). "The relation of shoulder pain and range-of-motion problems to functional limitations, disability, and perceived health of men with spinal cord injury: a multifaceted longitudinal study." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81(12): 1575-1581.
Bayley, J. C., T. P. Cochran and C. B. Sledge (1987). "The weight-bearing shoulder. The impingement syndrome in paraplegics." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - American Volume 69: 676-678.
Best, K. L., R. L. Kirby, C. Smith and D. A. MacLeod (2005). "Wheelchair skills training for community-based manual wheelchair users: a randomized controlled trial." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86(12): 2316-2323.
Best, K. L., W. C. Miller, G. Huston, F. Routhier and J. J. Eng (2016). "Pilot Study of a Peer-Led Wheelchair Training Program to Improve Self-Efficacy Using a Manual Wheelchair: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 97(1): 37-44.
Birkenmeier, R. L., E. M. Prager and C. E. Lang (2010). "Translating animal doses of task-specific training to people with chronic stroke in 1-hour therapy sessions: a proof-of-concept study." Neurorehabil Neural Repair 24(7): 620-635.
Boninger, M., R. L. Waters, T. Chase, M. P. J. M. Dijkers, H. Gellman, R. J. Gironda, B. Goldstein, S. Johnson-Taylor, A. Koontz and S. McDowell (2005). Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for healthcare professionals. Washington DC, Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine.
Boninger, M. L., M. A. Baldwin, R. A. Cooper, A. M. Koontz and L. Chan (2000). "Manual Wheelchair Pushrim Biomechanics and Axle Position." Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 81(5): 608-613.
Boninger, M. L., R. A. Cooper, M. A. Baldwin, S. D. Shimada and A. Koontz (1999). "Wheelchair pushrim kinetics: body weight and median nerve function." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 80(8): 910-915.
Boninger, M. L., A. M. Koontz, S. A. Sisto, T. A. Dyson-Hudson, M. Chang, R. Price and R. A. Cooper (2005). "Pushrim Biomechanics and Injury Prevention in Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendations Based on CULP-SCI Investigations." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 42(3, Supp. 1): 9-20.
Burnham, R. S. and R. D. Steadward (1994). "Upper extremity peripheral nerve entrapments among wheelchair athletes: Prevalence, location, and risk factors." Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 75: 519-524.
Campbell, C. C. and M. J. Koris (1996). "Etiologies of shoulder pain in cervical spinal cord injury." Clin Orthop Relat Res(322): 140-145.
Curtis, K. A., G. A. Drysdale, R. D. Lanza, M. Kolber, R. S. Vitolo and R. West (1999). "Shoulder Pain in Wheelchair Users With Tetraplegia and Paraplegia." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 80: 453-457.
Curtis, K. A., K. E. Roach, E. B. Applegate, T. Amar, C. S. Benbow, T. D. Genecco and J. Gualano (1995). "Development of the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI)." Paraplegia 33(5): 290-293.
Dallmeijer, A. J., L. H. van der Woude, A. P. Hollander and H. H. van As (1999). "Physical performance during rehabilitation in persons with spinal cord injuries." Med Sci Sports Exerc 31(9): 1330-1335.
Dalyan, M., D. D. Cardenas and B. Gerard (1999). "Upper extremity pain after spinal cord injury." Spinal Cord. 37(3): 191-195.
Davidoff, G., R. Werner and W. Waring (1991). "Compressive mononeuropathies of the upper extremity in chronic paraplegia." PARAPLEGIA 29: 17-24.
de Groot, S., A. J. Dallmeijer, O. J. Kilkens, F. W. van Asbeck, A. V. Nene, E. L. Angenot, M. W. Post and L. H. van der Woude (2005). "Course of gross mechanical efficiency in handrim wheelchair propulsion during rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86(7): 1452-1460.
DeGroot, K. K., H. H. Hollingsworth, K. A. Morgan, C. L. Morris and D. B. Gray (2009). "The influence of verbal training and visual feedback on manual wheelchair propulsion." Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 4(2): 86-94.
Dysterheft, J. L., I. M. Rice and L. A. Rice (2015). "Influence of handrim wheelchair propulsion training in adolescent wheelchair users, a pilot study." Front Bioeng Biotechnol 3: 68.
Finley, M. A. and M. M. Rodgers (2004). "Prevalence and identification of shoulder pathology in athletic and nonathletic wheelchair users with shoulder pain: A pilot study." J Rehabil Res Dev 41(3B): 395-402.
Fliess-Douer, O., Y. C. Vanlandewijck and L. H. Van der Woude (2012). "Most essential wheeled mobility skills for daily life: an international survey among paralympic wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93(4): 629-635.
Froehlich-Grobe, K., J. Lee, L. Aaronson, D. E. Nary, R. A. Washburn and T. D. Little (2014). "Exercise for everyone: a randomized controlled trial of project workout on wheels in promoting exercise among wheelchair users." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 95(1): 20-28.
Gagnon, D., A. Koontz, S. Mulroy, D. Nawoczenski, E. Butler-Forslun, A. Granstrom, S. Nadeau and M. Boninger (2009). "Biomechanics of sitting pivot transfers among individuals with spinal cord injury: A review of the current knowledge." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation.
Gellman, H., D. R. Chandler, J. Petrasek, I. Sie, R. Adkins and R. L. Waters (1988). "Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - American Volume 70: 517-519.
Gerhart, K. A., E. Bergstrom, S. W. Charlifue, R. R. Menter and G. G. Whiteneck (1993). "Long-term spinal cord injury: functional changes over time." Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 74(10): 1030-1034.
Immink, M. A. and D. L. Wright (2001). "Motor programming during practice conditions high and low in contextual interference." J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 27(2): 423-437.
Kemp, B. J., A. L. Bateham, S. J. Mulroy, L. Thompson, R. H. Adkins and J. S. Kahan (2011). "Effects of reduction in shoulder pain on quality of life and community activities among people living long-term with SCI paraplegia: a randomized control trial." J Spinal Cord Med 34(3): 278-284.
Kirby, R. L., C. Smith, K. Parker, M. McAllister, J. Boyce, P. W. Rushton, F. Routhier, K. L. Best, D. Mackenzie, B. P. Mortenson and A. Brant (2016). The Wheelchair Skills Program Manual. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Dalhousie University.
Kirby, R. L., J. Swuste, D. J. Dupuis, D. A. MacLeod and R. Monroe (2002). "The Wheelchair Skills Test: a pilot study of a new outcome measure." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83(1): 10-18.
Klaesner, J., K. A. Morgan and D. B. Gray (2014). "The development of an instrumented wheelchair propulsion testing and training device." Assist Technol 26(1): 24-32.
L'Insalata, J. C., R. F. Warren, S. B. Cohen, D. W. Altchek and M. G. Peterson (1997). "A self-administered questionnaire for assessment of symptoms and function of the shoulder." J Bone Joint Surg Am 79(5): 738-748.
Leving, M. T., R. J. Vegter, S. de Groot and L. H. van der Woude (2016). "Effects of variable practice on the motor learning outcomes in manual wheelchair propulsion." J Neuroeng Rehabil 13(1): 100.
Lindquist, N. J., P. E. Loudon, T. F. Magis, J. E. Rispin, R. L. Kirby and P. J. Manns (2010). "Reliability of the performance and safety scores of the wheelchair skills test version 4.1 for manual wheelchair users." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 91(11): 1752-1757.
MacPhee, A. H., R. L. Kirby, A. L. Coolen, C. Smith, D. A. MacLeod and D. J. Dupuis (2004). "Wheelchair skills training program: A randomized clinical trial of wheelchair users undergoing initial rehabilitation." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85(1): 41-50.
Magill, R. A. (2001). Motor learning: concepts and applications. Dubuque, IA, Brown & Benchmark.
Morgan, K. A., S. M. Tucker, J. W. Klaesner and J. R. Engsberg (2015). "A motor learning approach to training wheelchair propulsion biomechanics for new manual wheelchair users: A pilot study." J Spinal Cord Med: 1-20.
Mulroy, S. J., L. Thompson, B. Kemp, P. P. Hatchett, C. J. Newsam, D. G. Lupold, L. L. Haubert, V. Eberly, T. T. Ge, S. P. Azen, C. J. Winstein, J. Gordon and N. Physical Therapy Clinical Research (2011). "Strengthening and optimal movements for painful shoulders (STOMPS) in chronic spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial." Phys Ther 91(3): 305-324.
Nash, M. S., I. van de Ven, N. van Elk and B. M. Johnson (2007). "Effects of circuit resistance training on fitness attributes and upper-extremity pain in middle-aged men with paraplegia." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88(1): 70-75.
Nawoczenski, D. A., J. M. Ritter-Soronen, C. M. Wilson, B. A. Howe and P. M. Ludewig (2006). "Clinical trial of exercise for shoulder pain in chronic spinal injury." Phys Ther 86(12): 1604-1618.
Nyland, J., P. Quigley, C. Huang, J. Lloyd, J. Harrow and A. Nelson (2000). "Preserving transfer independence among individuals with spinal cord injury." Spinal Cord 38(11): 649-657.
Pentland, W. E. and L. T. Twomey (1991). "The weight-bearing upper extremity in women with long term paraplegia." PARAPLEGIA 29: 521-530.
Pentland, W. E. and L. T. Twomey (1994). "Upper limb function in persons with long term paraplegia and implications for independence: Part II." Paraplegia 32(4): 219-224.
Rice, I., B. Impink, C. Niyonkuru and M. Boninger (2009). "Manual wheelchair stroke characteristics during an extended period of propulsion." Spinal Cord 47(5): 413-417.
Rice, I. M., R. T. Pohlig, J. D. Gallagher and M. L. Boninger (2013). "Handrim wheelchair propulsion training effect on overground propulsion using biomechanical real-time visual feedback." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 94(2): 256-263.
Rice, I. M., L. A. Rice and R. W. Motl (2015). "Promoting Physical Activity Through a Manual Wheelchair Propulsion Intervention in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 96(10): 1850-1858.
Rice, L. A., J. L. Dysterheft, E. Sanders and I. M. Rice (2016). "Short-term influence of transfer training among full time pediatric wheelchair users: A randomized trial." J Spinal Cord Med: 1-9.
Rice, L. A., I. Smith, A. R. Kelleher, K. Greenwald and M. L. Boninger (2014). "Impact of a wheelchair education protocol based on practice guidelines for preservation of upper-limb function: a randomized trial." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 95(1): 10-19 e11.
Rice, L. A., I. Smith, A. R. Kelleher, K. Greenwald, C. Hoelmer and M. L. Boninger (2013). "Impact of the clinical practice guideline for preservation of upper limb function on transfer skills of persons with acute spinal cord injury." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 94(7): 1230-1246.
Rimmer, J. H., B. Riley, E. Wang, A. Rauworth and J. Jurkowski (2004). "Physical activity participation among persons with disabilities: barriers and facilitators." Am J Prev Med 26(5): 419-425.
Rodgers, M. M., R. E. Keyser, E. K. Rasch, P. H. Gorman and P. J. Russell (2001). "Influence of training on biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion." J Rehabil Res Dev 38(5): 505-511.
Rushton, P. W., R. L. Kirby and W. C. Miller (2012). "Manual wheelchair skills: objective testing versus subjective questionnaire." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93(12): 2313-2318.
Sawatzky, B., C. DiGiovine, T. Berner, T. Roesler and L. Katte (2015). "The need for updated clinical practice guidelines for preservation of upper extremities in manual wheelchair users: a position paper." Am J Phys Med Rehabil 94(4): 313-324.
Sie, I. H., R. L. Waters, R. H. Adkins and H. Gellman (1992). "Upper extremity pain in the postrehabilitation spinal cord injured patient." Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 73: 44-48.
Silfverskiold, J. and R. L. Waters (1991). "Shoulder pain and functional disability in spinal cord injury patients." Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research(272): 141-145.
Sosnoff, J. J., I. M. Rice, E. T. Hsiao-Wecksler, I. M. Hsu, C. Jayaraman and Y. Moon (2015). "Variability in Wheelchair Propulsion: A New Window into an Old Problem." Front Bioeng Biotechnol 3: 105.
Sparrow, W. A. (1983). "The efficiency of skilled performance." J Mot Behav 15(3): 237-261.
Sparrow, W. A. and K. M. Newell (1994). "Energy expenditure and motor performance relationships in humans learning a motor task." Psychophysiology 31(4): 338-346.
Ste-Marie, D. M., S. E. Clark, L. C. Findlay and A. E. Latimer (2004). "High levels of contextual interference enhance handwriting skill acquisition." J Mot Behav 36(1): 115-126.
Troy, K. L., T. A. Munce and J. A. Longworth (2015). "An exercise trial targeting posterior shoulder strength in manual wheelchair users: pilot results and lessons learned." Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 10(5): 415-420.
Tsai, C. Y., M. L. Boninger, J. Hastings, R. A. Cooper, L. Rice and A. M. Koontz (2016). "Immediate Biomechanical Implications of Transfer Component Skills Training on Independent Wheelchair Transfers." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 97(10): 1785-1792.
Tsai, C. Y., L. A. Rice, C. Hoelmer, M. L. Boninger and A. M. Koontz (2013). "Basic psychometric properties of the transfer assessment instrument (version 3.0)." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 94(12): 2456-2464.
Valent, L., A. Dallmeijer, H. Houdijk, H. J. Slootman, T. W. Janssen and L. H. Van Der Woude (2010). "Effects of hand cycle training on wheelchair capacity during clinical rehabilitation in persons with a spinal cord injury." Disabil Rehabil 32(26): 2191-2200.
van der Scheer, J. W., S. de Groot, R. J. Vegter, J. Hartog, M. Tepper, H. Slootman, A. Group, D. H. Veeger and L. H. van der Woude (2015). "Low-Intensity Wheelchair Training in Inactive People with Long-Term Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Propulsion Technique." Am J Phys Med Rehabil 94(11): 975-986.
van der Woude, L. H., K. M. Hendrich, H. E. Veeger, G. J. van Ingen Schenau, R. H. Rozendal, G. de Groot and A. P. Hollander (1988). "Manual wheelchair propulsion: effects of power output on physiology and technique." Med Sci Sports Exerc 20(1): 70-78.
van der Woude, L. H., H. E. Veeger, R. H. Rozendal, G. J. van Ingen Schenau, F. Rooth and P. van Nierop (1988). "Wheelchair racing: effects of rim diameter and speed on physiology and technique." Med Sci Sports Exerc 20(5): 492-500.
van Drongelen, S., L. H. van der Woude, T. W. Janssen, E. L. Angenot, E. K. Chadwick and D. H. Veeger (2005). "Mechanical load on the upper extremity during wheelchair activities." Arch.Phys.Med Rehabil. 86(6): 1214-1220.
Van Straaten, M. G., B. A. Cloud, M. M. Morrow, P. M. Ludewig and K. D. Zhao (2014). "Effectiveness of home exercise on pain, function, and strength of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury: a high-dose shoulder program with telerehabilitation." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 95(10): 1810-1817 e1812.
WHO (2008). New guidelines released on wheelchairs to support users in developing countries, World Health Organization.
Wilbanks, S. R., R. Rogers, S. Pool and C. S. Bickel (2016). "Effects of functional electrical stimulation assisted rowing on aerobic fitness and shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury." J Spinal Cord Med 39(6): 645-654.
Winstein, C. J. (1991). "Knowledge of results and motor learning--implications for physical therapy." Phys Ther 71(2): 140-149.
Worobey, L. A., R. L. Kirby, A. W. Heinemann, E. A. Krobot, T. A. Dyson-Hudson, R. E. Cowan, J. P. Pedersen, M. Shea and M. L. Boninger (2016). "Effectiveness of Group Wheelchair Skills Training for People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 97(10): 1777-1784 e1773.
Wylie, E. J. and T. M. Chakera (1988). "Degenerative joint abnormalities in patients with paraplegia of duration greater than 20 years." PARAPLEGIA 26: 101-106.