The effects of navigation and types of neighborhoods on timely follow-up of abnormal mammogram among black women
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Despite the availability of relatively simple and inexpensive screening tools, minority women are more often diagnosed at a late stage of breast cancer, in part due to delays in follow-up of abnormal screening result. One of the key factors for timely follow-up of abnormal mammogram may be neighborhood characteristics. Patient Navigation (PN) programs aim to diminish barriers, but its differential effects by neighborhood have not been fully examined. The current study examine the effect of types of neighborhoods on time to follow-up of abnormal mammogram, and the differential effects of PN by neighborhood characteristics.
Methods: We examined data from a total of 1,696 randomized patients from a randomized controlled trial, “the Patient Navigation in Medically Underserved Areas” study that explored the effect of navigation on breast health outcomes. We categorized participants’ neighborhoods into three categories and compared the effect of navigation between these neighborhood types.
Results: Navigated women in mixed race neighborhoods had a shorter time to follow-up compared with non-navigated women in the neighborhoods. Black women living in mixed neighborhoods had a significant longer time to follow-up of abnormal mammogram, compared with black women living in middle class black neighborhoods.
Conclusion: Patient navigation interventions improve timely follow-up of abnormal mammogram. Patient navigation may be particularly beneficial for minority women who reside in racially heterogeneous neighborhoods which may be less likely to have access to affordable health clinics and social services. Health policies concerning breast cancer early detection for minority women need to pay further attention to those who might potentially be excluded from health services due to the characteristics of neighborhoods. Socioeconomic conditions of neighborhood may affect individual health through multiple interlinked mechanisms. Neighborhood characteristics, such as poverty, segregation, access to resources, and social cohesion, cannot be fully understood with simplistic measures of neighborhood disadvantage.
Article Details
How to Cite
KIM, Sage et al.
The effects of navigation and types of neighborhoods on timely follow-up of abnormal mammogram among black women.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], n. 3, may 2015.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/111>. Date accessed: 15 nov. 2024.
Keywords
breast cancer; health disparity; follow-up; neighborhood effects
Issue
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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5. Malin Fair A, Wujckik D, Lin J-MS, Zheng W, Egan K, Grau A, et al. Psychosocial determinants of mammography follow-up after receipt of abnormal mammography results in medically underserved women. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 2010;21(1 Suppl):71–94.
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7. Roetzheim RG, Pal N, Tennant C, Voti L, Ayanian JZ, Schwabe A, et al. Effects of health insurance and race on early detection of cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1999;91(16):1409–1415.
8. Mandelblatt J, Howard A, Kemer J, Zauber A, Bumetu W. Determinants of late stage diagnosis of breast cancer and cervical cancer: the impact of age, race, social class, and hospital type. American Journal of Public Health. 1991;81(5):646–649.
9. Mundt AJ, Connell PP, Campbell T, Hwang JH, Rotmensch J, Waggoner S. Race and clinical outcomes in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with radiation therapy. Gynecologic Oncology. 1998;71(2):151–158.
10. Grisby P, Hall-Daniels L, Baker S, Perez C. Comparison of clinical outcomes in black and white women treated with radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 2000;79:357–361.
11. Wang F, McLafferty S, Escamilla V, Luo L. Late-Stage Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Health Care Access in Illinois. Prof Geogr. 2008;60(1):54-69.
12. Eley JW, Hill HA, Chen VW, Austin DF, Wesley MN, Muss HB, et al. Racial differences in survival from breast cancer. Results of the National Cancer Institute Black/White Cancer Survival Study. JAMA. 1994;272(12):947-54.
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14. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2009. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2009.
15. Albano J, Ward E, Jemal A, Anderson R, Cokkinides V, Murray T, et al. Cancer Mortality in the United States by Education Level and Race. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2007;99(18):1384-1394.
16. Smith-Bindman R, Miglioretti DL, Lurie N, al. e. Does utilization of screening mammography explain racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer? Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(8):541–553.
17. Press R, Carrasquillo O, Sciacca RR, Giardina E-GV. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Time to Follow-Up after an Abnormal Mammogram. Journal of Women's Health. 2008;17(6):923-930.
18. Adams SA, Smith ER, Hardin J, Das IP, Fulton J, Hebert JR. Racial Differences in Follow-up of Abnormal Mammography Findings Among Economically Disadvantaged Women. Cancer. 2009;115(24):5788-5797.
19. Markossian TW, Darnell JS, Calhoun EA. Follow-Up and Timeliness After an Abnormal Cancer Screening Among Underserved, Urban Women in a Patient Navigation Program. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2012;21(10):1691-1699.
20. Gorin S, Heck J, Cheng B, Smith S. Delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment by racial/ethnic group. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(20):2244-2252.
21. Rojas M, Mandelblatt J, Cagney K, Kerner J, Freeman H. Barriers to follow-up of abnormal screening mammograms among low-income minority women. Cancer Control Center of Harlem. Ethn Health. 1996;1(3):221-228.
22. McCarthy B, Yood M, Janz N, Boohaker E, Ward R, Johnson C. Evaluation of factors potentially associated with inadequate follow-up of mammographic abnormalities. Cancer. 1996;77:2070–2076.
23. Williams D, Tortu S, Thomson J. Factors associated with delays to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in women in a Louisiana urban safety net hospital. Women Health. 2010;50(8):705-718.
24. Strzelczyk J, Dignan M. Disparities in adherence to recommended follow-up on screening mammography: interaction of sociodemographic factors. Ethn Dis. 2002;12:77-86.
25. Yabroff K, Breen N, Vernon S, Meissner H, Freedman A, Ballard-Barbash R. What Factors Are Associated with Diagnostic Follow-Up after Abnormal Mammograms? Findings from a U.S. National Survey. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13(5):723-732.
26. Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Soobader MJ, Subramanian SV, R. C. Geocoding and monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: does the choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter?: the public health disparities geocoding project. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:471-482.
27. Roux AVD, Mair C. Neighborhoods and health. Annals of the New York Acadamy of Sciences. 2010;1186:125-145.
28. Lochner K, Kawachi I, Brennan R, Buka S. Social capital and neighborhood mortality rates in Chicago. Social Science & Medicine. 2003;56:1797–1805.
29. Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Neighborhoods and health. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press; 2003.
30. Kirby J. Poor people, poor places, and access to health care in the US. Soc Forces. 2008;87(1):325-355.
31. Schultz W. Racial and spatial relations as fundamental determinants of health in Detroit. Milbank. 2002;80(4):54-56.
32. Dailey AB, Kasl SV, Holford TR, Calvocoressi L, Jones BA. Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Predictors of Nonadherence to Mammography Screening Guidelines. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 2007;16(11):2293-2303.
33. Rosenberg L, Wise LA, Palmer JR, Horton NJ, Adams-Campbell LL. A Multilevel Study of Socioeconomic Predictors of Regular Mammography Use Among African-American Women. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 2005;14(11):2628-2633.
34. Jones BA, Dailey A, Calvocoressi L, Reams K, Kasl SV, Lee C, et al. Inadequate Follow-up of Abnormal Screening Mammograms: Findings From the Race Differences in Screening Mammography Process Study (United States). Cancer Causes and Control. 2005;16:809-821.
35. Burack RC, Simon MS, Stano M, George J, Coombs J. Follow-Up Among Women with an Abnormal Mammogram in an HMO: Is It Timely, Complete, and Efficient? American Journal of Managed Care. 2000;6(10):1102-1113.
36. Caplan LS, May DS, Richardson LC. Time to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer: results from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, 1991-1995. American Journal of Public Health. 2000;90(1).
37. Chang SW, Kerlikowske K, Nápoles-Springer AM, Posner SF, Sickles EA, Pérez-Stable EJ. Racial differences in timeliness of follow-up after abnormal screening mammography. Cancer. 1996;78(7):1398-1402.
38. McCarthy BD, Yood U, Boohaker EA, Ward RE, Rebner M, Johnson CC. Inadequate follow-up of abnormal mammograms. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1996;12(4):252-288.
39. Yabroff KR, Washington KS, Leader A, Neilson E, Mandelblatt JS. Is the Promise of Cancer-Screening Programs Being Compromised? Quality of Follow-Up Care after Abnormal Screening Results. Medical Care Research and Review. 2003;60(3):294-331.
40. Galster G. On the nature of the neighbourhood. Urban Studies. 2001;38(12):2111-2124.
41. Kothari A, Birch S. Individual and regional determinants of mammography uptake. Can J Public Health. 2004;95:290-294.
42. Schootman M, Jeffe D, Baker E, Walker M. Effect of area poverty rate on cancer screening across US communities. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60:202–207.
43. Litaker D, Tomolo A. Association of contextual factors and breast cancer screening: finding new targets to promote early detection. J Womens Health. 2007;16:36-45.
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