Smoking cessation during pregnancy and the potential role of exercise: A narrative review
Main Article Content
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for maternal and fetal adverse events including gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and sudden infant death syndrome. It is recommended that clinicians should discuss and prescribe smoking cessation programs to pregnant patients. In this review, the effectiveness of potential interventions including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are examined and compared to the potential of exercise-aided smoking cessation programs. There is limited research available to confidently conclude that CBT on its own is an effective approach to reducing smoking during pregnancy. NRT has shown some success in reducing the total number of cigarettes smoked however the low dose of nicotine made available through NRT still poses as a risk to the developing fetus. Exercise has shown to have an acute effect on decreasing cravings and withdrawal symptoms, however there is limited research conducted for long-term cessation programs. This review provides information regarding the current gaps in literature that need to be addressed in order to confidently determine the effect exercise may have on smoking cessation during pregnancy. Additionally, the role of physicians in promoting and prescribing exercise is discussed.
Article Details
How to Cite
NAGPAL, Taniya Singh; FAGAN, Matthew James; PRAPAVESSIS, Harry.
Smoking cessation during pregnancy and the potential role of exercise: A narrative review.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 7, july 2017.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/1413>. Date accessed: 24 dec. 2024.
Keywords
Pregnancy; Smoking; Exercise; Nicotine Replacement Therapy; Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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1. Organization WH. Health 2020: A European policy framework. 2017;
2. Kramer MS. Determinants of low birth weight : methodological assessment and meta-analysis. 1987;65(5):663–737.
3. Prentice AM, Rayco-Solon P, Moore SE. Insights from the developing world: thrifty genotypes and thrifty phenotypes. Proc Nutr Soc [Internet]. 2005;64(02):153–61. Available from: http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0029665105000194
4. Anderson HR, Cook DG. Passive smoking and sudden infant death syndrome : review of the epidemiological evidence. 1997;1003–9.
5. Stick SM, Burton PR, Gurrin L, Sly PD, Lesouëf PN. Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and a family history of asthma on respiratory function in newborn infants. 1996;348.
6. Hendrix N, Berghella V. Non-Placental Causes of Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Semin Perinatol. 2008;32(3):161–5.
7. Jeanty P, Cousaert E, Maertelaer MV De, Cantraine F. Sonographic detection of smoking-related decreased fetal growth. Off J Am Inst Ultrasound Med. 1987;1(6):13–8.
8. Kallen K. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and infant head circumference at birth. Early Hum Dev. 2000;3(58):197–204.
9. Vlajinac H, Petrović R, Marinković J, Kocev N, Sipetić S. The effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on fetal growth. Srp Arh Celok Lek [Internet]. 1997;125(9-10):267–71. Available from: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/9340797
10. Larsen LG, Clausen H V, Jønsson L. Stereologic examination of placentas from mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;3(186):531–7.
11. Quinton AE, Cook C, Peek MJ. The relationship between cigarette smoking , endothelial function and intrauterine growth restriction in human pregnancy. An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;6(115):780–4.
12. Meyer MB, Tonascia JA. Maternal smoking, pregnancy complications, and perinatal mortality. Am J Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 1977;128(5):494–502. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000293787790031X
13. Lucendo-Villarin B, Panagiotis V, Madeleine F, Huestis MA, Meseguer J, Kate R, et al. Modelling foetal exposure to maternal smoking using hepatoblasts from pluripotent stem cells. Arch Toxicol. 2017;
14. McCowan LME, Dekker GA, Chan E, Stewart A, Chappell LC, Hunter M, et al. Spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age infants in women who stop smoking early in pregnancy: prospective cohort study. BMJ [Internet]. 2009 Mar 26;338:b1081. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2661373/
15. Al-Sahab B, Saqib M, Hauser G, Tamim H. Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and associated risk factors among Canadian women: a national survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2010;10(1):24. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-10-24
16. Johnson GK, Hill M. State of the Art Review. J Periodontol [Internet]. 1999;75(2):1523–39. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200408-1036SO
17. Stewart PJ, Dunkley GC. Smoking and health care patterns among pregnant women. Can Med Assoc J. 1985;10(133):989–94.
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