Occurrence of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in waterways of southeast Queensland, Australia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health issue. The discharge, maintenance and transfer of antimicrobial resistance to the aquatic environment and the risk this presents is relatively unknown. This work describes the presence and distribution of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in surface waters of seven rivers in south east Queensland, Australia. Resistance to four antimicrobials (ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin) was determined using a method combining chromogenic microbial detection with breakpoint antimicrobial resistance analysis. E. coli concentration and antimicrobial resistance was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at sites receiving WWTP discharge compared to sites with no direct WWTP discharge. There was a positive correlation (ρ < 0.001, r = 0.95) between E. coli concentration and volume of WWTP discharge into these rivers. This would suggest that WWTPs are the primary source of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in the study region. There was no correlation (ρ > 0.05) between WWTP discharge volume into rivers and incidence of antimicrobial resistance for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. However, there was a positive correlation (ρ < 0.01, r = 0.82) between incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance and WWTP discharge volume into rivers. This would suggest that E. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin found in the study area is driven primarily by WWTP discharge, with resistance to other investigated antimicrobials influenced by additional sources and/or drivers.
Article Details
How to Cite
WATKINSON, A.J. et al.
Occurrence of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in waterways of southeast Queensland, Australia.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 5, n. Issue 9, sep. 2017.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/1517>. Date accessed: 15 dec. 2024.
Keywords
antimicrobial, antibiotic, resistance, wastewater, aquatic, environment, Australia
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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2. CoA. National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-2019. In: Australia Co, editor. Canberra ACT: Commonwealth of Australia; 2015. p. 48.
3. Batt AL, Bruce IB, Aga DS. Evaluating the vulnerability of surface waters to antibiotic contamination from varying wastewater treatment plant discharges. Environ Pollut. 2006;142(2):295-302.
4. Calamari D, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S, Bagnati R, Fanelli R. Strategic survey of therapeutic drugs in the rivers Po and Lambro in northern Italy. Environmental Science and Technology. 2003;37(7):1241-8.
5. Costanzo SD, Murby J, Bates J. Ecosystem response to antibiotics entering the aquatic environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2005;51:218-23.
6. Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, et al. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance. Environmental Science & Technology. 2002;36(6):1202-11.
7. Watkinson AJ, Murby EJ, Kolpin DW, Costanzo SD. The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban watershed:from wastewater to drinking water. Science of the Total Environment. 2009;407:2711-23.
8. Carvalho IT, Santos L. Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: A review of the European scenario. Environment International. 2016;94:736-57.
9. Huijbers PMC, Blaak H, de Jong MCM, Graat EAM, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, Husman AMD. Role of the Environment in the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance to Humans: A Review. Environmental Science & Technology. 2015;49(20):11993-2004.
10. Kummerer K. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Berlin: Springer; 2004. 527 p.
11. Marti E, Balcázar JL. Antibiotic Resistance in the Aquatic Environment. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry. 2013;62:671-84.
12. Reinthaler FF, Posch J, Feierl G, Wust G, Haas D, Ruckenbauer G, et al. Antibiotic resistance of E. coli in sewage and sludge. Water Research. 2003;37(8):1685-90.
13. Watkinson AJ, Murby EJ, Costanzo SD. Removal of antibiotics in conventional and advanced wastewater treatment: Implications for environmental discharge and wastewater recycling. Water Research. 2007;doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.04.005.
14. Guardabassi L, Petersen A, Olsen JE, Dalsgaard A. Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter spp. Isolated from Sewers Receiving Waste Effluent from a Hospital and a Pharmaceutical Plant. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64(9):3499-502.
15. Gallert C, Fund K, Winter J. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in raw and biologically treated sewage and in groundwater below leaking sewers. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2005;69(1):106-12.
16. Martins da Costa P, Vaz-Pires P, Bernardo F. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. isolated in inflow, effluent and sludge from municipal sewage water treatment plants. Water Research. 2006;40(8):1735-40.
17. Ziembinska-Buczynska A, Felis E, Folkert J, Meresta A, Stawicka D, Gnida A, et al. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant - molecular and classical approach. Archives of Environmental Protection. 2015;41(4):23-32.
18. Yuan QB, Guo MT, Yang J. Fate of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Genes during Wastewater Chlorination: Implication for Antibiotic Resistance Control. Plos One. 2015;10(3).
19. Bjorklund H, Bondestam J, Bylund G. Residues of oxytetracycline in wild fish and sediments from fish farms. Aquaculture. 1990;86(4):359-68.
20. Chelossi E, Vezzulli L, Milano A, Branzoni M, Fabiano M, Riccardi G, et al. Antibiotic resistance of benthic bacteria in fish-farm and control sediments of the Western Mediterranean. Aquaculture. 2003;219(1-4):83-97.
21. Guardabassi L, Dalsgaard A, Raffatellu M, Olsen JE. Increase in the prevalence of oxolinic acid resistant Acinetobacter spp. observed in a stream receiving the effluent from a freshwater trout farm following the treatment with oxolinic acid-medicated feed. Aquaculture. 2000;188(3-4):205-18.
22. Molina AA, Garcia GA, Abreu GA, Bolan MC, Roque A, Gomez GB. Plasmid profiling and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio strains isolated from cultured penaeid shrimp. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2002;213(1):7-12.
23. Akinbowale OL, Peng H, Barton MD. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from aquaculture sources in Australia. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2006;100(5):1103-13.
24. Le TX, Munekage Y, Kato S-i. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from shrimp farming in mangrove areas. Science of The Total Environment. 2005;349(1-3):95-105.
25. Jordan D, Morris SG, Gill P, Andersen LM, Chowdhury A, Stevenson AE, et al. Mass screening for antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in dairy cows in northern New South Wales. Australian Veterinary Journal. 2005;83(11):688-94.
26. de Fatima Silva Lopes M, Ribeiro T, Abrantes M, Figueiredo Marques JJ, Tenreiro R, Crespo MTB. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of dairy and clinical isolates and type strains of enterococci. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2005;103(2):191-8.
27. Chee-Sanford JC, Aminov RI, Krapac IJ, Garrigues-Jeanjean N, Mackie RI. Occurrence and Diversity of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Lagoons and Groundwater Underlying Two Swine Production Facilities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67(4):1494-502.
28. Mathew AG, Arnett DB, Cullen P, Ebner PD. Characterisation of resistance patterns and detection of apramycin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from swine exposed to various environmental conditions. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2003;89:11-20.
29. Sengelov G, Agerso Y, Halling-Sorensen B, Baloda SB, Andersen JS, Jensen LB. Bacterial antibiotic resistance levels in Danish farmland as a result of treatment with pig manure slurry. Environment International. 2003;28(7):587-95.
30. Obeng AS, Rickard H, Sexton M, Pang Y, Peng H, Barton M. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance genes in Campylobacter strains isolated from poultry and pigs in Australia. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2012;113(2):294-307.
31. Obeng AS, Rickard H, Ndi O, Sexton M, Barton M. Antibiotic resistance, phylogenetic grouping and virulence potential of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of intensively farmed and free range poultry. Veterinary Microbiology. 2012;154(3-4):305-15.
32. Ash RJ, Mauck B, Morgan M. Antibiotic Resistance of gram-negative bacteria in Rivers, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2002;8(7):713-6.
33. Goni-Urriza M, Capdepuy M, Arpin C, Raymond N, Caumette P, Quentin C. Impact of an Urban Effluent on Antibiotic Resistance of Riverine Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000;66(1):125-32.
34. Harakeh S, Yassine H, El-Fadel M. Antimicrobial-resistant patterns of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains in the aquatic Lebanese environments. Environ Pollut. 2006;143(2):269-77.
35. Miranda CD, Zemelman R. Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Fish from the Concepcion Bay, Chile. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2001;42(11):1096-102.
36. Parveen S, Murphree R, Edmiston L, Kaspar C, Portier K, Tamplin M. Association of multiple-antibiotic-resistance profiles with point and nonpoint sources of Escherichia coli in Apalachicola Bay. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1997;63(7):2607-12.
37. Rosas I, Salinas E, Martinez L, Cruz-Cordova A, Gonzalez-Pedrajo B, Espinosa N, et al. Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from an Urban Lake Receiving Water from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Mexico City: Fecal Pollution and Antibiotic Resistance. Current Microbiology. 2015;71(4):490-5.
38. Rathnayake I, Hargreaves M, Huygens F. SNP diversity of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in a South East Queensland waterway, Australia, and associated antibiotic resistance gene profiles. Bmc Microbiology. 2011;11.
39. Czekalski N, Sigdel R, Birtel J, Matthews B, Burgmann H. Does human activity impact the natural antibiotic resistance background? Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in 21 Swiss lakes. Environment International. 2015;81:45-55.
40. Barker-Reid F, Fox EM, Faggian R. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in reclaimed water and river water in the Werribee Basin, Australia. Journal of Water and Health. 2010;8(3):521-31.
41. Enne VI, Livermore DM, Stephens P, Hall LMC. Persistence of sulphonamide resistance in Escherichia coli in the UK despite national prescribing restriction. Lancet. 2001;357(9265):1325-8.
42. Mammeri H, Van de Loo M, Poirel L, Martinez-Martinez L, Nordmann P. Emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli in Europe. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2005;49(1):71-6.
43. Galland JC, Hyatt DR, Crupper SS, Acheson DW. Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Diversity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates from a Longitudinal Study of Beef Cattle Feedlots. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67(4):1619-27.
44. Lanz R, Kuhnert P, Boerlin P. Antimicrobial resistance and resistance gene determinants in clinical Escherichia coli from different animal species in Switzerland. Veterinary Microbiology. 2003;91(1):73-84.
45. Scott L, McGee P, Minihan D, Sheridan JJ, Earley B, Leonard N. The characterisation of E. coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle faeces and feedlot environment using PFGE. Veterinary Microbiology. 2006;114(3-4):331-6.
46. Bucknell DG, Gasser RB, Irving A, Whithear K. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from horses. . Australian Veterinary Journal. 1997; 75:355-6.
47. Watkinson AJ, Micalizzi GB, Bates JB, Costanzo SD. A novel method for rapid assessment of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from environmental waters using a modified Chromogenic agar. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2007;73(7).
48. Giger W, Alder AC, Golet EM, Kohler HPE, McArdell CS, Molnar E, et al. Occurrence and fate of antibiotics as trace contaminants in wastewaters, sewage sludges, and surface waters. Chimia. 2003;57(9):485-91.
49. Davies M, Long J, Donald M, Ashbolt N. Survival of Fecal Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1994;61:1888-96.
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