The impact of electronic media and school schedule on the sleep of adolescents – A mini review.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: During adolescence there are ongoing changes of sleep patterns, which tend to exhibit a phase delay. Among the various factors associated with this phenomenon, the use of electronic media and school starting time arise as highly significant, since they are modifiable.
Methods: Review of existing literature on adolescent sleep based on electronic literature searches using the best available evidence from PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar.
Results: Our study provides a review of findings on the impact of electronic media use and school starting time on a number of sleep characteristics in adolescence. Moreover, it highlights the significance of sleep problems and/or sleep deprivation on adolescent mental health and school performance. Finally, it reports data on the association between adolescents’ sleep characteristics and overweight, obesity and physical health markers.
Conclusions: Strategies focusing on modifiable factors associated with sleep deprivation in adolescence are expected to contribute to the management of a broader range of physical and mental health problems in this age group.
Article Details
How to Cite
LAZARATOU, Helen et al.
The impact of electronic media and school schedule on the sleep of adolescents – A mini review..
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 5, n. Issue 9, sep. 2017.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/1520>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2024.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1) Frank MG. The mystery of sleep function: current perspectives and future directions. Reviews in the Neurosciences. 2006. 17:375-392.
2) Beebe DW. Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011;58(3):649–665
3) Cain N, Gradisar M. Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep Med. 2010 Sep;11(8):735-42.
4) Hysing M, Pallesen S, Stormark KM, Jakobsen R, Lundervold AJ, Sivertsen B. Sleep and use of electronic devices in adolescence: results from a large population-based study. BMJ Open. 2015 Feb 2;5(1):e006748.
5) Alexandru G, Michikazu S, Shimako H, Xiaoli C, Hitomi K, Takashi Y, et al. Epidemiological aspects of self-reported sleep onset latency in Japanese junior high school children. J Sleep Res. 2006 Sep;15(3):266-75.
6) Punamäki RL, Wallenius M, Nygård CH, Saarni L, Rimpelä A. Use of information and communication technology (ICT) and perceived health in adolescence: the role of sleeping habits and waking-time tiredness. J Adolesc. 2007 Aug;30(4):569-85.
7) Munezawa T, Kaneita Y, Osaki Y, Kanda H, Minowa M, Suzuki K, et al. The association between use of mobile phones after lights out and sleep disturbances among Japanese adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Sleep. 2011 Aug 1;34(8):1013-20.
8) Owens J. Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences Adolescent Sleep Working Group. Pediatrics. 2014 Am Acad Pediatrics.
9) Eggermont S, Van den Bulck J. Nodding off or switching off? The use of popular media as a sleep aid in secondary-school children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006 Jul-Aug;42(7-8):428-33.
10) Burke SM. The Impact of Media Use on Sleep in Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs. 2016 Sep-Oct;31(5):556-8.
11) Lemola S, Perkinson-Gloor N, Brand S, Dewald-Kaufmann JF, Grob A. Adolescents' electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. J Youth Adolesc. 2015 Feb;44(2):405-18.
12) Auger RR, Burgess HJ, Dierkhising RA, Sharma RG, Slocumb NL. Light exposure among adolescents with delayed sleep phase disorder: a prospective cohort study. Chronobiol Int. 2011 Dec;28(10):911-20.
13) Carskadon MA, Wolfson AR, Acebo C, Tzischinsky O, Seifer R. Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days. Sleep. 1998 Dec 15;21(8):871-81.
14) Dexter D, Bijwadia J, Schilling D, Applebaugh G. Sleep, sleepiness and school start times: a preliminary study. WMJ. 2003;102(1):44-6.
15) Minges KE, Redeker NS. Delayed school start times and adolescent sleep: A systematic review of the experimental evidence. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Aug;28:86-95.
16) Danner F, Phillips B. Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008 Dec 15;4(6):533-5.
17) Owens J, Belon K, Moss P. Impact of Delaying School Start Time on Adolescent Sleep, Mood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164(7):608-614
18) Boergers J, Gable CJ, Owens JA. Later school start time is associated with improved sleep and daytime functioning in adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2014 Jan;35(1):11-7.
19) Vorona RD, Szklo-Coxe M, Lamichhane R, J. Ware C, McNallen A, Leszczyszyn D. Adolescent Crash Rates and School Start Times in Two Central Virginia Counties, 2009-2011: A Follow-up Study to a Southeastern Virginia Study, 2007-2008 J Clin Sleep Med. 2014 Nov 15; 10(11): 1169–1177.
20) Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Osaki Y, Tanihata T, Minowa M, Suzuki et al. Insomnia among Japanese adolescents: a nationwide representative survey. Sleep. 2006 Dec;29(12):1543-50.
21) Gregory AM, Sadeh A. Sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents. Sleep Med Rev. 2012 Apr;16(2):129-36.
22) Coulombe JA, Reid GJ, Boyle MH, Racine Y. Sleep problems, tiredness, and psychological symptoms among healthy adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol. 2011 Jan;36(1):25-35.
23) Umlauf MG, Bolland JM, Lian BE. Sleep disturbance and risk behaviors among inner-city African-American adolescents. J Urban Health. 2011 Dec;88(6):1130-42.
24) Xu Z, Su H, Zou Y, Chen J, Wu J, Chang W. Sleep quality of Chinese adolescents: distribution and its associated factors. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):138-45.
25) Roberts RE, Roberts CR, Duong HT. Sleepless in adolescence: prospective data on sleep deprivation, health and functioning. J Adolesc. 2009 Oct;32(5):1045-57.
26) Roberts RE, Duong HT. Depression and insomnia among adolescents: a prospective perspective. J Affect Disord. 2013 May 15;148(1):66-71.
27) Wolfson A., Carskadon M. Sleep Schedules and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents Child Development, 1998, 69(4); 875-887.
28) Perez-Chada D, Perez-Lloret S, Videla AJ, Cardinali D, Bergna MA, Fernández-Acquier M, et al. Sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness are associated with poor academic performance in teenagers. A study using the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Sleep. 2007 Dec;30(12):1698-703.
29) Lazaratou H, Dikeos DG, Anagnostopoulos DC, Sbokou O, Soldatos CR. Sleep problems in adolescence. A study of senior high school students in Greece. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;14(4):237-43.
30) Chung K-F, Cheung M-M. Sleep-Wake Patterns and Sleep Disturbance among Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents. Sleep. 2008;31(2):185-194.
31) Rhie S, Lee S, Chae KY. Sleep patterns and school performance of Korean adolescents assessed using a Korean version of the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale. Korean J Pediatr. 2011 Jan;54(1):29-35.
32) Lumeng JC. Future directions for research on sleep durations in pediatric populations. Sleep. 2010 Oct;33(10):1281-2.
33) Lytle LA, Murray DM, Laska MN, Pasch KE, Anderson SE, Farbakhsh K. Examining the longitudinal relationship between change in sleep and obesity risk in adolescents. Health Educ Behav. 2013 Jun;40(3):362-70.
34) Garaulet M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Rey-López JP, Béghin L, Manios Y, et al. Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Oct;35(10):1308-17.
35) Al-Hazzaa HM, Musaiger AO, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM. Prevalence of short sleep duration and its association with obesity among adolescents 15- to 19-year olds: A cross-sectional study from three major cities in Saudi Arabia. Ann Thorac Med. 2012 Jul;7(3):133-9.
36) Calamaro CJ, Park S, Mason TB, Marcus CL, Weaver TE, Pack A, et al. Shortened sleep duration does not predict obesity in adolescents. J Sleep Res. 2010 Dec;19(4):559-66.
37) Lytle LA, Murray DM, Laska MN, Pasch KE, Anderson SE, Farbakhsh K. Examining the longitudinal relationship between change in sleep and obesity risk in adolescents. Health Educ Behav. 2013 Jun;40(3):362-70.
38) Countryman AJ, Saab PG, Llabre MM, Penedo FJ, McCalla JR, Schneiderman N. Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents: associations with physical activity, fitness, and sleep. Ann Behav Med. 2013 Feb;45(1):121-31.
39) Martinez-Gomez D, Eisenmann JC, Gomez-Martinez S, Hill EE, Zapatera B, Veiga OL, et al; AFINOS Study Group.. Sleep duration and emerging cardiometabolic risk markers in adolescents. The AFINOS study. Sleep Med. 2011Dec;12(10):997-1002.
40) Javaheri S, Storfer-Isser A, Rosen CL, Redline S. Association of short and long sleep durations with insulin sensitivity in adolescents. J Pediatr. 2011 Apr;158(4):617-23.
41) Matthews KA, Dahl RE, Owens JF, Lee L, Hall M. Sleep duration and insulin resistance in healthy black and white adolescents. Sleep. 2012 Oct 1;35(10):1353-8.
42) Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release and metabolism. Endocr Dev. 2010;17:11-21.
43) Chen M-Y, Wang EK, Jeng Y-J. Adequate sleep among adolescents is positively associated with health status and health-related behaviors. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:59
44) Shochat T, Cohen-Zion M, Tzischinsky O. Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2014 Feb;18(1):75-87.
45) Adolescent sleep working group, committee on adolescence, and council on school health. American Academy of Pediatrics 2014, August 25.
46) Moturi S, Avis K. Assessment and treatment of common pediatric sleep disorders. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2010;7(6):24-37.
47) van Geijlswijk IM, Korzilius HP, Smits MG. The use of exogenous melatonin in delayed sleep phase disorder: a meta-analysis. Sleep. 2010 Dec;33(12):1605-14.Review.
48) Bossi AH, Hopker J. Twilight the blue light of your device and sleep better. 2016. Br J Sports Med.
2) Beebe DW. Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011;58(3):649–665
3) Cain N, Gradisar M. Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep Med. 2010 Sep;11(8):735-42.
4) Hysing M, Pallesen S, Stormark KM, Jakobsen R, Lundervold AJ, Sivertsen B. Sleep and use of electronic devices in adolescence: results from a large population-based study. BMJ Open. 2015 Feb 2;5(1):e006748.
5) Alexandru G, Michikazu S, Shimako H, Xiaoli C, Hitomi K, Takashi Y, et al. Epidemiological aspects of self-reported sleep onset latency in Japanese junior high school children. J Sleep Res. 2006 Sep;15(3):266-75.
6) Punamäki RL, Wallenius M, Nygård CH, Saarni L, Rimpelä A. Use of information and communication technology (ICT) and perceived health in adolescence: the role of sleeping habits and waking-time tiredness. J Adolesc. 2007 Aug;30(4):569-85.
7) Munezawa T, Kaneita Y, Osaki Y, Kanda H, Minowa M, Suzuki K, et al. The association between use of mobile phones after lights out and sleep disturbances among Japanese adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Sleep. 2011 Aug 1;34(8):1013-20.
8) Owens J. Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences Adolescent Sleep Working Group. Pediatrics. 2014 Am Acad Pediatrics.
9) Eggermont S, Van den Bulck J. Nodding off or switching off? The use of popular media as a sleep aid in secondary-school children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006 Jul-Aug;42(7-8):428-33.
10) Burke SM. The Impact of Media Use on Sleep in Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs. 2016 Sep-Oct;31(5):556-8.
11) Lemola S, Perkinson-Gloor N, Brand S, Dewald-Kaufmann JF, Grob A. Adolescents' electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. J Youth Adolesc. 2015 Feb;44(2):405-18.
12) Auger RR, Burgess HJ, Dierkhising RA, Sharma RG, Slocumb NL. Light exposure among adolescents with delayed sleep phase disorder: a prospective cohort study. Chronobiol Int. 2011 Dec;28(10):911-20.
13) Carskadon MA, Wolfson AR, Acebo C, Tzischinsky O, Seifer R. Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days. Sleep. 1998 Dec 15;21(8):871-81.
14) Dexter D, Bijwadia J, Schilling D, Applebaugh G. Sleep, sleepiness and school start times: a preliminary study. WMJ. 2003;102(1):44-6.
15) Minges KE, Redeker NS. Delayed school start times and adolescent sleep: A systematic review of the experimental evidence. Sleep Med Rev. 2016 Aug;28:86-95.
16) Danner F, Phillips B. Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008 Dec 15;4(6):533-5.
17) Owens J, Belon K, Moss P. Impact of Delaying School Start Time on Adolescent Sleep, Mood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164(7):608-614
18) Boergers J, Gable CJ, Owens JA. Later school start time is associated with improved sleep and daytime functioning in adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2014 Jan;35(1):11-7.
19) Vorona RD, Szklo-Coxe M, Lamichhane R, J. Ware C, McNallen A, Leszczyszyn D. Adolescent Crash Rates and School Start Times in Two Central Virginia Counties, 2009-2011: A Follow-up Study to a Southeastern Virginia Study, 2007-2008 J Clin Sleep Med. 2014 Nov 15; 10(11): 1169–1177.
20) Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Osaki Y, Tanihata T, Minowa M, Suzuki et al. Insomnia among Japanese adolescents: a nationwide representative survey. Sleep. 2006 Dec;29(12):1543-50.
21) Gregory AM, Sadeh A. Sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents. Sleep Med Rev. 2012 Apr;16(2):129-36.
22) Coulombe JA, Reid GJ, Boyle MH, Racine Y. Sleep problems, tiredness, and psychological symptoms among healthy adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol. 2011 Jan;36(1):25-35.
23) Umlauf MG, Bolland JM, Lian BE. Sleep disturbance and risk behaviors among inner-city African-American adolescents. J Urban Health. 2011 Dec;88(6):1130-42.
24) Xu Z, Su H, Zou Y, Chen J, Wu J, Chang W. Sleep quality of Chinese adolescents: distribution and its associated factors. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):138-45.
25) Roberts RE, Roberts CR, Duong HT. Sleepless in adolescence: prospective data on sleep deprivation, health and functioning. J Adolesc. 2009 Oct;32(5):1045-57.
26) Roberts RE, Duong HT. Depression and insomnia among adolescents: a prospective perspective. J Affect Disord. 2013 May 15;148(1):66-71.
27) Wolfson A., Carskadon M. Sleep Schedules and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents Child Development, 1998, 69(4); 875-887.
28) Perez-Chada D, Perez-Lloret S, Videla AJ, Cardinali D, Bergna MA, Fernández-Acquier M, et al. Sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness are associated with poor academic performance in teenagers. A study using the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Sleep. 2007 Dec;30(12):1698-703.
29) Lazaratou H, Dikeos DG, Anagnostopoulos DC, Sbokou O, Soldatos CR. Sleep problems in adolescence. A study of senior high school students in Greece. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;14(4):237-43.
30) Chung K-F, Cheung M-M. Sleep-Wake Patterns and Sleep Disturbance among Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents. Sleep. 2008;31(2):185-194.
31) Rhie S, Lee S, Chae KY. Sleep patterns and school performance of Korean adolescents assessed using a Korean version of the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale. Korean J Pediatr. 2011 Jan;54(1):29-35.
32) Lumeng JC. Future directions for research on sleep durations in pediatric populations. Sleep. 2010 Oct;33(10):1281-2.
33) Lytle LA, Murray DM, Laska MN, Pasch KE, Anderson SE, Farbakhsh K. Examining the longitudinal relationship between change in sleep and obesity risk in adolescents. Health Educ Behav. 2013 Jun;40(3):362-70.
34) Garaulet M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Rey-López JP, Béghin L, Manios Y, et al. Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Oct;35(10):1308-17.
35) Al-Hazzaa HM, Musaiger AO, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM. Prevalence of short sleep duration and its association with obesity among adolescents 15- to 19-year olds: A cross-sectional study from three major cities in Saudi Arabia. Ann Thorac Med. 2012 Jul;7(3):133-9.
36) Calamaro CJ, Park S, Mason TB, Marcus CL, Weaver TE, Pack A, et al. Shortened sleep duration does not predict obesity in adolescents. J Sleep Res. 2010 Dec;19(4):559-66.
37) Lytle LA, Murray DM, Laska MN, Pasch KE, Anderson SE, Farbakhsh K. Examining the longitudinal relationship between change in sleep and obesity risk in adolescents. Health Educ Behav. 2013 Jun;40(3):362-70.
38) Countryman AJ, Saab PG, Llabre MM, Penedo FJ, McCalla JR, Schneiderman N. Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents: associations with physical activity, fitness, and sleep. Ann Behav Med. 2013 Feb;45(1):121-31.
39) Martinez-Gomez D, Eisenmann JC, Gomez-Martinez S, Hill EE, Zapatera B, Veiga OL, et al; AFINOS Study Group.. Sleep duration and emerging cardiometabolic risk markers in adolescents. The AFINOS study. Sleep Med. 2011Dec;12(10):997-1002.
40) Javaheri S, Storfer-Isser A, Rosen CL, Redline S. Association of short and long sleep durations with insulin sensitivity in adolescents. J Pediatr. 2011 Apr;158(4):617-23.
41) Matthews KA, Dahl RE, Owens JF, Lee L, Hall M. Sleep duration and insulin resistance in healthy black and white adolescents. Sleep. 2012 Oct 1;35(10):1353-8.
42) Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release and metabolism. Endocr Dev. 2010;17:11-21.
43) Chen M-Y, Wang EK, Jeng Y-J. Adequate sleep among adolescents is positively associated with health status and health-related behaviors. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:59
44) Shochat T, Cohen-Zion M, Tzischinsky O. Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2014 Feb;18(1):75-87.
45) Adolescent sleep working group, committee on adolescence, and council on school health. American Academy of Pediatrics 2014, August 25.
46) Moturi S, Avis K. Assessment and treatment of common pediatric sleep disorders. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2010;7(6):24-37.
47) van Geijlswijk IM, Korzilius HP, Smits MG. The use of exogenous melatonin in delayed sleep phase disorder: a meta-analysis. Sleep. 2010 Dec;33(12):1605-14.Review.
48) Bossi AH, Hopker J. Twilight the blue light of your device and sleep better. 2016. Br J Sports Med.