Results and Achievements in the Engineering of Pharmacological Enzymes for Clinical Application
Main Article Content
Abstract
Research into modified enzyme derivatives and their development have expanded considerably modern arsenal of biopharmaceuticals. The effectiveness of enzyme drugs in vivo and their prospectiveness in clinical practice were confirmed by biomedical studies. Several directions have formed in the biocatalyst research, such as antibody-drug interactions, construction of polyenzyme nanoensembles producing extra- and intracellular effects, and enzyme modification for targeted delivery to the damaged area. Modified enzyme derivatives have been became the effective agents against injurious action of oxidative stress in vivo. Research promotion is highly noticeable for covalent bienzyme superoxide dismutase-chondroitin sulfate-catalase conjugate. The obtained data contribute the investigation of salable conjugates produced by methods of chemical and biological synthesis. A broad research front and collective biomedical effort increase the probability of successful breakthroughs in the control over different types of damage to biological tissues.
Keywords:
vascular injuries, oxidative stress, inflammation, enzymes, modification, targeted drug delivery, nanoconjugates
Article Details
How to Cite
MAKSIMENKO, Alexander.
Results and Achievements in the Engineering of Pharmacological Enzymes for Clinical Application.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, jan. 2018.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/1688>. Date accessed: 15 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v6i1.1688.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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(8) Howard CB, Fletcher N, Honston ZH, Fuchs AV, Boase NR, Simpson JD, Raftery LJ, Ruder T, Jones ML, de Bakker CJ, Mahler SM, Thurecht KJ. Overcomong instability of antibody-nanomaterial conjugates: next generation targeted nanomedicines using bispecific antibodies. Adv Healthc Mater 2016 5 (16): 2055-2068.
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(9) Karaduleva EV, Mubarakshina EK, Sharapov MG, Volkova AE, Pimenov OY, Ravin VK, Kokoz YM, Novoselov VI. Cardioprotective effect of modified peroxiredoxins in retrograde perfusion of isolated rat heart under conditions of oxidative stress. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016 160 (5): 639-642.
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doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.101.
(11) Kost OA, Beznos OV, Davydova NG, Manickam DS, Nikolskaya II, Guller AE, Binevski PV, Chesnokova NB, Shekhter AB, Klyachko NL, Kabanov AV. Superoxide dismutase 1 nanozyme for treatment of eye inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016 2016: 13 pages. http:dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5194239.
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/ .
(13) Kultti A, Zhao C, Singha NC, Zimmerman S, Osgood RJ, Symons R, Jiang P, Li X, Thompson CB, Infante JR, Jacobetz MA, Tuveson DA, Frost GI, Shepard HM, Huang z. Accumulation of extracellular hyaluronan by hyaluronan synthase 3 promotes tumor growth and modulates the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Biomed Res 2014 2014: 1-15.
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(14) Lee S, Murthy N. Targeted delivery of catalase and superoxide dismutase to macrophages using folate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007 360: 275-279.
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(15) Luangwattananun P, Yamoy S, Eiamphungporn W, Sondtawee N, Bülow L, Ayudhya CI, Prachayasittikul V. Engineering of novel tri-functional enzyme with MnSOD, catalase and cell-permeable activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2016 85: 451-459.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.020.
(16) Lyublinskaya OG, Smirnova IS, Pugovkina NA, Kornienko YS, Zenin VV, Nikolskiy NN. The response of human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells against antioxidant stress. Acta Naturae 2016 2, special issue: 51.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/ .
(17) Maksimenko AV. Experimental antioxidant biotherapy for protection of the vascular wall by modified forms of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Curr Pharm Design 2005 11 (16): 2007-2016.
doi::10.2174/1381612054065756.
(18) Maksimenko AV. Cardiological biopharmaceuticals in the conception of drug targeting delivery: practical results and research perspectives. Acta Naturae 2012 4 (3): 72-81.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23150805.
(19) Maksimenko AV. Development and application of targeted therapeutic protein conjugates. Russ J Gen Chem 2014 84 (2): 357-363.
doi:10.1134/S1070363214020376.
(20) Maksimenko AV. Widening and elaboration of consecutive research into therapeutic antioxidant enzyme derivatives. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016 2016: 9 pages.
http:dx.doi.org/10.1155/ 2016/3075695.
(21) Maksimenko AV, Tischenko EG. New thrombolytic strategy: bolus administration of tPA and urokinase-fibrinogen conjugate. J Thromb Thrombol 1999 7: 307-312.
doi:10.1023/A:1008939428688.
(22) Maksimenko AV, Vavaev AV. Antioxidant enzymes as potential targets in cardioprotection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Enzyme antioxidants: the next stage of pharmacological counterwork to the oxidative stress. Heart Int 2012 7 (1): 14-19.
doi:10.4081/hi2012.e3.
(23) Maksimenko AV., Golubykh VL., Tischenko EG. The combination of modified antioxidant enzymes for anti-thrombotic protection of vascular wall: the significant of covalent connection of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004 56: 1463-1468.
doi: 10.1211/0022357044544.
(24) Maksimenko AV, Turashev AD, Beabealashvili RS. Stratification of chondroitin sulfate binding sites in 3D-model of bovine testicular hyaluronidase and effective size of glycosaminoglycan coat of the modified protein. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2015 80 (3): 284-295.
doi:10.1134/S0006297915030049.
(25) Maksimenko AV, Vavaev AV, Bouryachkovskaya LI, Mokh VP, Uchitel IA, Lakomkin VL, Kapelko VI, Tischenko EG. Biopharmacology of enzyme conjugates: vasoprotective activity of supramolecular superoxide dismutase-chondroitin sulfate-catalase derivative. Acta Naturae 2010 2 (4): 82-94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22649668.
(26) Mansuroglu B, Derman S, Yaba A, Kizilbey K. Protective effect of chemically modified SOD on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2015 72: 79-87.
doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.039.
(27) Mao GD, Thomas PD, Lopaschuk GD, Poznansky MJ. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-catalase conjugates. Role of hydrogen peroxide and the Fenton reaction in SOD toxicity. J Biol Chem 1993 268 (1): 416-420.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8380162.
(28) Mero A, Schiavon M, Veronese FM, Pasut G. A new method to increase selectivity of transglutaminase mediated PEGylation of salmon calcitonin and human growth hormone. J Contr Rel 2011 154 (1): 27-34. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.024.
(29) Münzel T, Gori T, Keaney JF. Jr, Maack C, Daiber A. Pathophysiological role of oxidative stress in systolic and diastolic heart failure and its therapeutic implications. Eur Heart J 2015 36 (38): 2555-2564.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheart/ehv305.
(30) Nadithe V, Bae YH. Synthesis and characterization of hemoglobin conjugates with antioxidant enzymes via poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linker (Hb-SOD-CAT) for protection from free radical stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2010 47 (5): 603-613.
doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.08.007.
(31) Nakamura S, Kato A. Multi-functional biopolymer prepared by covalent attachment of galactomannan to egg-whight proteins through naturally occurring Maillard reaction. Nahrung 2000 44 (3): 201-206.
doi:10.1002/1521-3803(20000501)44:3<201::AID-FOOD201>3.0.CO;2-S.
(32) Nazarian KB, Siminian SZ, Kazarian BA, Perez P, Climent F. Purification of enolase and phosphoglycerate mutase from human brain and formation of a bienzymatic complex from them. Biokhimiia 1995 60 (5): 746-753.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7662801.
(33) Ong GL, Ettenson D, Sharkey RM, Marks A, Baumal R, Goldenberg DM, Matters MJ. Galactose-conjugated antibodies in cancer therapy: properties and principles of action. Cancer Res 1991 51 (6): 1619-1626.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/1998953.
(34) Rajput YS, Gupta MN. A conjugate of trypsin and chymotrypsin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1987 16: 201-210.
doi:10.1007/BF02798367.
(35) Richard PU, Duskey JT, Stolarov S, Spulber M, Palivan CG. New concepts to fight oxidative stress: nanosized three-dimensional supramolecular antioxidant assembles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015 12 (9): 1527-1545.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2015.1036738.
(36) Sandhir R, Yadav A, Sunkaria A, Singhal N. Nano-antioxidants: an emerging strategy for intervention against neurodegenerative conditions. Neurochem Int 2015 89: 209-226.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.011.
(37) Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI, Ravin VK. Construction of a fusion enzyme exhibiting superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2016 81 (4): 420-427.
doi: 10.1134/S0006297916040131.
(38) Siti HN, Kamisah Y, Kamsah J. The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2015 71: 40-56.
doi:10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.005.
(39) Soucek J, Pouchkova P, Gtrohalm J, Plocova D, Hlouskova D, Zadinova M, Ulbrich K. Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] conjugates of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) inhibit growth of human melanoma in nude mice. J Drug Target 2002 10 (3): 175-183.
doi:10.1080/10611860290022606.
(40) van Geel R, Wijdeven MA, Heesbeen R, Verkade JM, Wasiel AA, van Berkel SS, van Delft FL. Chemoenzymatic conjugation of toxic payloads to the globally conserved N-glycan of native mAbs provides homogenous and highly efficacious antibody-drug conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2015 26 (11): 2233-2242.
doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00224.
(41) Wang L, Yuan L, Wang H, Liu X, Li X, Chen H. New strategy for reversible modulation of protein activity through site-specific conjugation of small molecule and polymer. Bioconjug Chem 2014 25 (7): 1252-1260.
doi: 10.1021/bc5000934.
(42) Wooge C. Process challenges of antibody-drug conjugates. BioProcess Int 2014 12, Suppl.3: : 28-31.
www.bioprocessintl.com/issue-archive .
(43) Wu FL, Yeh TH, Chen YL, Chiu YC, Cheng JC, Wei MF, Shen LG. Intracellular delivery of recombinant arginine deiminase (rADI) by heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesion peptide restores sensitivity in rADI-resistant cancer cells. Mol Pharn 2014 11 (8): 2777-2786.
doi:10.1021/mp5001372.
(44) Xie D, Yao C, Wang L, Min W, Xu J, Xiao J, Huang M, Chen M, Liu B, Li X, Jiang H. An albumin-conjugated peptide exhibits potent anti-HIV activity and long in vivo half-life. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010 54 (1): 191-196.
doi:10.1128/AAC.00976-09.
(45) Zhang HW, Wang FS, Shao W, Zheng XL, Qi JZ, Cao JC, Zhang TM. Characterization and stability investigation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase covalently modified by low molecular weight heparin. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2006 71, Suppl. 1: S96-100.
doi:10.1134/s0006297906130165.
(2) Brito R, Castillo G, Gonzalez J, Valls N, Rodrigo R. Oxidative stress in hypertension: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015 123 (6): 325-335.
doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1548765.
(3) Dilgimen AS, Mustafaeva Z, Demchenko M, Kaneko T, Osada Y, Mustafaev M. Water-soluble covalent conjugates of bovine serum albumin with anionic poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide) and their immunogenicity. Biomaterials 2001 22 (17): 2383-2392.
doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00425-7.
(4) Ekelof S, Jensen SE, Rosenberg J, Gögenur I. Reduced oxidative stress in STEMI patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention and with antioxidant therapy: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014 28 (2): 173-181.
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.054.
(5) Freitas DS, Abrahao-Neto J. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of lysozyme modified by PEGylation. Int J Pharmaceut 2010 393 (1-2): 111-117.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.03.036.
(6) Harris J, Jacobson F, Jocheim C, Amphlett G, Francissen K, McLeod L. Uniting small-molecule and biologic drug perspectives: analytical characterization and regulatory consideration for antibody-drug conjugates. BioProcess Int 2015 13 (8): 4-14.
www.bioprocessintl.com/issue-archive.
(7) Hood ED, Chorny M, Greineder CF, Alferiev I, Levy RJ, Muzykantov VR. Endothelial targeting of nanocarriers loaded with antioxidant enzymes for protection against vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomaterials 2014 35 (11): 3708-3715.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.023.
(8) Howard CB, Fletcher N, Honston ZH, Fuchs AV, Boase NR, Simpson JD, Raftery LJ, Ruder T, Jones ML, de Bakker CJ, Mahler SM, Thurecht KJ. Overcomong instability of antibody-nanomaterial conjugates: next generation targeted nanomedicines using bispecific antibodies. Adv Healthc Mater 2016 5 (16): 2055-2068.
doi:10.1002/adhm.201600263.
(9) Karaduleva EV, Mubarakshina EK, Sharapov MG, Volkova AE, Pimenov OY, Ravin VK, Kokoz YM, Novoselov VI. Cardioprotective effect of modified peroxiredoxins in retrograde perfusion of isolated rat heart under conditions of oxidative stress. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016 160 (5): 639-642.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s0026893314040128.
(10) Kejik Z, Briza T, Kralova J, Pouchkova P, Kral A, Martasek P, Kral V. Coordination conjugates of therapeutic proteins with drug carriers: a new approach for versatile advanced drug delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011 21 (18): 5514-5520.
doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.101.
(11) Kost OA, Beznos OV, Davydova NG, Manickam DS, Nikolskaya II, Guller AE, Binevski PV, Chesnokova NB, Shekhter AB, Klyachko NL, Kabanov AV. Superoxide dismutase 1 nanozyme for treatment of eye inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016 2016: 13 pages. http:dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5194239.
(12) Krotenko NM, Smirnova LP, Mednova IA, Sinyanskiy LE, Krotenko NR, Ivanova SA. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity of abzymes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Naturae 2016 2, special issue: 180.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/ .
(13) Kultti A, Zhao C, Singha NC, Zimmerman S, Osgood RJ, Symons R, Jiang P, Li X, Thompson CB, Infante JR, Jacobetz MA, Tuveson DA, Frost GI, Shepard HM, Huang z. Accumulation of extracellular hyaluronan by hyaluronan synthase 3 promotes tumor growth and modulates the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Biomed Res 2014 2014: 1-15.
doi:10.1115/2014/817613.
(14) Lee S, Murthy N. Targeted delivery of catalase and superoxide dismutase to macrophages using folate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007 360: 275-279.
doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.054.
(15) Luangwattananun P, Yamoy S, Eiamphungporn W, Sondtawee N, Bülow L, Ayudhya CI, Prachayasittikul V. Engineering of novel tri-functional enzyme with MnSOD, catalase and cell-permeable activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2016 85: 451-459.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.020.
(16) Lyublinskaya OG, Smirnova IS, Pugovkina NA, Kornienko YS, Zenin VV, Nikolskiy NN. The response of human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells against antioxidant stress. Acta Naturae 2016 2, special issue: 51.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/ .
(17) Maksimenko AV. Experimental antioxidant biotherapy for protection of the vascular wall by modified forms of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Curr Pharm Design 2005 11 (16): 2007-2016.
doi::10.2174/1381612054065756.
(18) Maksimenko AV. Cardiological biopharmaceuticals in the conception of drug targeting delivery: practical results and research perspectives. Acta Naturae 2012 4 (3): 72-81.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23150805.
(19) Maksimenko AV. Development and application of targeted therapeutic protein conjugates. Russ J Gen Chem 2014 84 (2): 357-363.
doi:10.1134/S1070363214020376.
(20) Maksimenko AV. Widening and elaboration of consecutive research into therapeutic antioxidant enzyme derivatives. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016 2016: 9 pages.
http:dx.doi.org/10.1155/ 2016/3075695.
(21) Maksimenko AV, Tischenko EG. New thrombolytic strategy: bolus administration of tPA and urokinase-fibrinogen conjugate. J Thromb Thrombol 1999 7: 307-312.
doi:10.1023/A:1008939428688.
(22) Maksimenko AV, Vavaev AV. Antioxidant enzymes as potential targets in cardioprotection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Enzyme antioxidants: the next stage of pharmacological counterwork to the oxidative stress. Heart Int 2012 7 (1): 14-19.
doi:10.4081/hi2012.e3.
(23) Maksimenko AV., Golubykh VL., Tischenko EG. The combination of modified antioxidant enzymes for anti-thrombotic protection of vascular wall: the significant of covalent connection of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004 56: 1463-1468.
doi: 10.1211/0022357044544.
(24) Maksimenko AV, Turashev AD, Beabealashvili RS. Stratification of chondroitin sulfate binding sites in 3D-model of bovine testicular hyaluronidase and effective size of glycosaminoglycan coat of the modified protein. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2015 80 (3): 284-295.
doi:10.1134/S0006297915030049.
(25) Maksimenko AV, Vavaev AV, Bouryachkovskaya LI, Mokh VP, Uchitel IA, Lakomkin VL, Kapelko VI, Tischenko EG. Biopharmacology of enzyme conjugates: vasoprotective activity of supramolecular superoxide dismutase-chondroitin sulfate-catalase derivative. Acta Naturae 2010 2 (4): 82-94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22649668.
(26) Mansuroglu B, Derman S, Yaba A, Kizilbey K. Protective effect of chemically modified SOD on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2015 72: 79-87.
doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.039.
(27) Mao GD, Thomas PD, Lopaschuk GD, Poznansky MJ. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-catalase conjugates. Role of hydrogen peroxide and the Fenton reaction in SOD toxicity. J Biol Chem 1993 268 (1): 416-420.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8380162.
(28) Mero A, Schiavon M, Veronese FM, Pasut G. A new method to increase selectivity of transglutaminase mediated PEGylation of salmon calcitonin and human growth hormone. J Contr Rel 2011 154 (1): 27-34. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.024.
(29) Münzel T, Gori T, Keaney JF. Jr, Maack C, Daiber A. Pathophysiological role of oxidative stress in systolic and diastolic heart failure and its therapeutic implications. Eur Heart J 2015 36 (38): 2555-2564.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheart/ehv305.
(30) Nadithe V, Bae YH. Synthesis and characterization of hemoglobin conjugates with antioxidant enzymes via poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linker (Hb-SOD-CAT) for protection from free radical stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2010 47 (5): 603-613.
doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.08.007.
(31) Nakamura S, Kato A. Multi-functional biopolymer prepared by covalent attachment of galactomannan to egg-whight proteins through naturally occurring Maillard reaction. Nahrung 2000 44 (3): 201-206.
doi:10.1002/1521-3803(20000501)44:3<201::AID-FOOD201>3.0.CO;2-S.
(32) Nazarian KB, Siminian SZ, Kazarian BA, Perez P, Climent F. Purification of enolase and phosphoglycerate mutase from human brain and formation of a bienzymatic complex from them. Biokhimiia 1995 60 (5): 746-753.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7662801.
(33) Ong GL, Ettenson D, Sharkey RM, Marks A, Baumal R, Goldenberg DM, Matters MJ. Galactose-conjugated antibodies in cancer therapy: properties and principles of action. Cancer Res 1991 51 (6): 1619-1626.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/1998953.
(34) Rajput YS, Gupta MN. A conjugate of trypsin and chymotrypsin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1987 16: 201-210.
doi:10.1007/BF02798367.
(35) Richard PU, Duskey JT, Stolarov S, Spulber M, Palivan CG. New concepts to fight oxidative stress: nanosized three-dimensional supramolecular antioxidant assembles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015 12 (9): 1527-1545.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2015.1036738.
(36) Sandhir R, Yadav A, Sunkaria A, Singhal N. Nano-antioxidants: an emerging strategy for intervention against neurodegenerative conditions. Neurochem Int 2015 89: 209-226.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.011.
(37) Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI, Ravin VK. Construction of a fusion enzyme exhibiting superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2016 81 (4): 420-427.
doi: 10.1134/S0006297916040131.
(38) Siti HN, Kamisah Y, Kamsah J. The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2015 71: 40-56.
doi:10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.005.
(39) Soucek J, Pouchkova P, Gtrohalm J, Plocova D, Hlouskova D, Zadinova M, Ulbrich K. Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] conjugates of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) inhibit growth of human melanoma in nude mice. J Drug Target 2002 10 (3): 175-183.
doi:10.1080/10611860290022606.
(40) van Geel R, Wijdeven MA, Heesbeen R, Verkade JM, Wasiel AA, van Berkel SS, van Delft FL. Chemoenzymatic conjugation of toxic payloads to the globally conserved N-glycan of native mAbs provides homogenous and highly efficacious antibody-drug conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2015 26 (11): 2233-2242.
doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00224.
(41) Wang L, Yuan L, Wang H, Liu X, Li X, Chen H. New strategy for reversible modulation of protein activity through site-specific conjugation of small molecule and polymer. Bioconjug Chem 2014 25 (7): 1252-1260.
doi: 10.1021/bc5000934.
(42) Wooge C. Process challenges of antibody-drug conjugates. BioProcess Int 2014 12, Suppl.3: : 28-31.
www.bioprocessintl.com/issue-archive .
(43) Wu FL, Yeh TH, Chen YL, Chiu YC, Cheng JC, Wei MF, Shen LG. Intracellular delivery of recombinant arginine deiminase (rADI) by heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesion peptide restores sensitivity in rADI-resistant cancer cells. Mol Pharn 2014 11 (8): 2777-2786.
doi:10.1021/mp5001372.
(44) Xie D, Yao C, Wang L, Min W, Xu J, Xiao J, Huang M, Chen M, Liu B, Li X, Jiang H. An albumin-conjugated peptide exhibits potent anti-HIV activity and long in vivo half-life. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010 54 (1): 191-196.
doi:10.1128/AAC.00976-09.
(45) Zhang HW, Wang FS, Shao W, Zheng XL, Qi JZ, Cao JC, Zhang TM. Characterization and stability investigation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase covalently modified by low molecular weight heparin. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2006 71, Suppl. 1: S96-100.
doi:10.1134/s0006297906130165.