Community acquired pneumonia due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin producing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Greece.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Community acquired pneumonia due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an uncommon but severe infection that affects predominantly young healthy subjects and confers a high mortality risk. Most community acquired MRSA isolates produce the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) which plays a major role in their pathogenecity. In Greece, an increasing percentage of community acquired Staphylococci are methicillin resistant. A single clone, SCCmec IV - ST80, has emerged as dominant, expanding in the community, infiltrating the hospital setting and replacing older clones. It is almost universally PVL positive but remain sensitive to many pertinent non b-lactam antibiotics. Review of eight case reports of community acquired MRSA PVL pneumonia in Greece display the dramatic morbidity and mortality associated with this infection and underline the need for early and appropriate antibiotic treatment as well as ICU support.
Keywords:
Greece, Staphylococcus aureus, Community acquired pneumonia, Methicillin resistant
Article Details
How to Cite
PAPANIKOLAOU, Angeliki; KOTSIFAS, Konstantinos Andreas; BALIS, Evangelos.
Community acquired pneumonia due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin producing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Greece..
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 7, july 2018.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/1813>. Date accessed: 04 dec. 2024.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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13. Micek ST, Dunne M, Kollef MH. Pleuropulmonary complications of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: importance of treatment with antimicrobials inhibiting exotoxin production. Chest 2005;128:2732-8. PMID:16236949
14. Hodille E, Rose W, Diep BA, et al. The role of antibiotics in modulating virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017;30:887-917. PMID:28724662
15. Tanaka J, Hirayama F, Yanase S, et al. Effective concentration of intravenous immunoglobulin for neutralizing Panton-Valentine leukocidin in human blood. J Infect Chemother 2018;24:383-8. PMID:29409694
16. Gerogianni I, Mpatavanis G, Gourgoulianis K, et al. Combination of staphylococcal chromosome cassette SCCmec type V and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus that caused necrotizing pneumonia in Greece. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;56:213-6. PMID:16876370
17. Magira E, Zervakis D, Routsi C, et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: A lethal cause of pneumonia in an adult immunocompetent patient. Scand J Infect Dis 2007;39:466-9. PMID:17461874
18. Balis E, Diacaki C, Tselioti P, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine-Leukocidin gene in Greece: two case reports and literature review. J Chemother 2007;19:703-8. PMID:18230554
19. Michalopoulos A, Vletsas C and Papadakis E. Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying SCCmecIV and PVL genes. Pneumon 2008;21:417-21.
20. Neocleous Ch, Damani A, Gerogianni I, et al. Necrotizing pneumonia in Greece caused by a USA400 (ST1) Staphylococcus aureus harboring SSCmec type V. Infection 2010;38:76-7. PMID:19998052
21. Paramythiotou E, Souli M, Galani I, et al. Success stories about severe pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin producing Staphylococcus aureus. Braz J Infect Dis 2014;18:341-5. PMID:24690428
22.Vardakas KZ, Matthaiou DK, Falagas ME. Comparison of community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus producing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009;13:1476-85.
23.de Sousa A, Bartzavali M, Spiliopoulou I, et al. Two international methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones endemic in a university hospital in Patras, Greece. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:2027-32. PMID: 12734244
24.Chini V, Petinaki E, Foka A, et al. Spread of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes during a 3-year period in Greece. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12:29-34. PMID:16460543
25. Vourli S, Vagiakou H, Ganteris G, et al. High rates of community-acquired Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) – positive methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (MRSA) infections in adult outpatients in Greece. Euro Surveill 2009;14. pii 19089. PMID:19161715
26. Hadjihannas L, Psichogiou M, Empel J, et al. Molecular characteristics of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonizing surgical patients in Greece. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;74:420-2PMID:23021063
27. Drougka E, Foka A, Liakopoulos A, et al. A 12-year survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Greece: ST80-IV epidemic? Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20:O796-803. PMID:24750462
28. Miyakis S, Pefanis A, Tsakris A. The challenges of antimicrobial drug resistance in Greece. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:177-84. PMID:21690626
29. Souli M, Karaiskos I, Galani L, et al. Nationwide surveillance of resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Greek hospitals, 2012-2013. Infect Dis 2016;48:287-92. PMID:26635179
30. Stefanaki C, Ieronymaki A, Matoula T, et al. Six-year retrospective review of hospital data on antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin infections from a single institution in Greece. Antibiotics 2017;6,39 pii: E39. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics6040039 PMID:29261121
2. Panlilio A, Culver D, Gaynes R, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in U.S. hospitals, 1975-1991. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:582-6. PMID:1469266
3. Pantosti A and Venditti M. What is MRSA? Eur Respir J 2009;34:1190-6. PMID:19880619
4. Salgado CD, Farr BM, Calfee DP. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:131-9. PMID:12522744
5. Herold BC, Immergluck LC, Maranan MC, et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Stapylococcus aureus in children with no identified predisposing risk. JAMA 1998;279:593-8. PMID:9486753
6. Zetola N, Francis JS, Nuermberger EL, Bishai WR. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging threat. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:275-86. PMID:15854883
7. Nakou A, Woodhead M, Torres A. MRSA as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2009;34:1013-4. PMID: 19880614
8. Vardakas KZ, Matthaiou DK, Falagas ME. Incidence, characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe community-acquired MRSA pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2009;34:1148-58. PMID:19541719
9. Defres S, Marwick C and Nathwani D. MRSA as a cause of lung infection including airway infection, community-acquired pneumonia and hosptial-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2009;34:1470-1476
10. Boyle-Vavra S, Daum RS. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the role of Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Lab Invest 2007;87:3-9. PMID:17146447
11. Chini V, Petinaki E, Foka A, et al. Spread of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes during a 3-year period in Greece. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12:29-34. PMID:16460543
12. Kreienbuehl L, Charbonney E and Eggimann P. Community-acquired necrotizing pneumonia due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus secreting Panton-Valentine leukocidin: a review of case reports. Ann Intensive Care 2011; 22;1:52. PMID:22191614
13. Micek ST, Dunne M, Kollef MH. Pleuropulmonary complications of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: importance of treatment with antimicrobials inhibiting exotoxin production. Chest 2005;128:2732-8. PMID:16236949
14. Hodille E, Rose W, Diep BA, et al. The role of antibiotics in modulating virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017;30:887-917. PMID:28724662
15. Tanaka J, Hirayama F, Yanase S, et al. Effective concentration of intravenous immunoglobulin for neutralizing Panton-Valentine leukocidin in human blood. J Infect Chemother 2018;24:383-8. PMID:29409694
16. Gerogianni I, Mpatavanis G, Gourgoulianis K, et al. Combination of staphylococcal chromosome cassette SCCmec type V and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus that caused necrotizing pneumonia in Greece. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;56:213-6. PMID:16876370
17. Magira E, Zervakis D, Routsi C, et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: A lethal cause of pneumonia in an adult immunocompetent patient. Scand J Infect Dis 2007;39:466-9. PMID:17461874
18. Balis E, Diacaki C, Tselioti P, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine-Leukocidin gene in Greece: two case reports and literature review. J Chemother 2007;19:703-8. PMID:18230554
19. Michalopoulos A, Vletsas C and Papadakis E. Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying SCCmecIV and PVL genes. Pneumon 2008;21:417-21.
20. Neocleous Ch, Damani A, Gerogianni I, et al. Necrotizing pneumonia in Greece caused by a USA400 (ST1) Staphylococcus aureus harboring SSCmec type V. Infection 2010;38:76-7. PMID:19998052
21. Paramythiotou E, Souli M, Galani I, et al. Success stories about severe pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin producing Staphylococcus aureus. Braz J Infect Dis 2014;18:341-5. PMID:24690428
22.Vardakas KZ, Matthaiou DK, Falagas ME. Comparison of community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus producing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009;13:1476-85.
23.de Sousa A, Bartzavali M, Spiliopoulou I, et al. Two international methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones endemic in a university hospital in Patras, Greece. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:2027-32. PMID: 12734244
24.Chini V, Petinaki E, Foka A, et al. Spread of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes during a 3-year period in Greece. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12:29-34. PMID:16460543
25. Vourli S, Vagiakou H, Ganteris G, et al. High rates of community-acquired Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) – positive methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (MRSA) infections in adult outpatients in Greece. Euro Surveill 2009;14. pii 19089. PMID:19161715
26. Hadjihannas L, Psichogiou M, Empel J, et al. Molecular characteristics of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonizing surgical patients in Greece. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;74:420-2PMID:23021063
27. Drougka E, Foka A, Liakopoulos A, et al. A 12-year survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Greece: ST80-IV epidemic? Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20:O796-803. PMID:24750462
28. Miyakis S, Pefanis A, Tsakris A. The challenges of antimicrobial drug resistance in Greece. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:177-84. PMID:21690626
29. Souli M, Karaiskos I, Galani L, et al. Nationwide surveillance of resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Greek hospitals, 2012-2013. Infect Dis 2016;48:287-92. PMID:26635179
30. Stefanaki C, Ieronymaki A, Matoula T, et al. Six-year retrospective review of hospital data on antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin infections from a single institution in Greece. Antibiotics 2017;6,39 pii: E39. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics6040039 PMID:29261121