Favourable effects of Prelox(R) on testosterone levels Prelox(R) and Testosterone
Main Article Content
Abstract
The combination of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®), aminoacids and roburin (Prelox®) was tested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross over study with 50 infertile men. Primary outcome of the study was the improvement of sperm quantity and quality, results have been already published.
Secondary outcome of the study were monitoring of testosterone levels and blood pressure.
Testosterone levels increased significantly (p<0.001) following intake of Prelox®. The slightly elevated blood pressure of the participants was lowered to normal values after treatment.
Keywords:
Prelox®, Pycnogenol®, pine bark extract, testosterone, blood pressure
Article Details
How to Cite
ROHDEWALD, Peter; STANISLAVOV, Romil.
Favourable effects of Prelox(R) on testosterone levels.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 11, nov. 2018.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/1865>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v6i11.1865.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. Stanislavov R, Rohdewald P. Sperm quality in men is improved by supplementation with a combination of L-arginine, L-citrulline, roburins and Pycnogenol®. Minerva Urol Nefrol 2014;66(4):217-223.
2. Stanislavov R, Rohdewald P. Improvement of erectile function by a combination of French maritime pine bark and roburins with aminoacids. Minerva Urol Nefrol 2015;67(1):27-32.
3. Rohdewald P. Update on the clinical pharmacology of Pycnogenol®. Medical Research Archives 2015 July;3:1-11.
4. Ippolito E, Belcaro G, Luzzi R, et al. Robuvit®: improvement of fatigue in medical convalescence. J Sports Med Physical Fitness 2018;58(5):678-683.
5. Belcaro G, Saggino A, Cornelli U, et al. Improvement in mood, oxidative stress, fatigue and insomnia following supplementary management with Robuvit®. J Neurosurg Sci 2018;62(4):423-427.
6. Ledda A, Belcaro G, Cesarone et al. Investigations of a complex plant extract for mild to moderate erectile dysfunction in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel armed study. BJU Int 2010;106(7):1030-1033.
7. Aoki H, Nagao J, Ueda T, et al. Clinical Assessment of a Supplement Pycnogenol® and L-arginine in Japanese Patients with Mild to Moderate Erectile Dysfunction. Phytother Res 2012 May;26:204-207.
8. Rohdewald P. Review: Influence of combinations of Pycnogenol® and L-arginine aspartate on men’s virility and fertility. Sexual Health Issues 2017;1(2):1-4.
9. Fitzpatrick DF, Bing B, Rohdewald P. Endothelium-dependent vascular effects of Pycnogenol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998;32(4):509-515.
10. Nishioka K, Hidaka T, Nakamura. Pycnogenol®, French maritime pine bark extract, augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Hypertens Res 2007;30:775-780.
11. Rajfer J, Aronson WJ, Bush PA, et al. Nitric oxide as a mediator of relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmission. N Engl J Med 1992;326(2):90-94.
12. Burnett AL, Lowenstein CJ, Bredt DS, et al. Nitric oxide: A physiologic mediator of penile erection. Science 1992;257(5068):401-403.
13. Zini A, O’Bryan MK, Magid MS, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human testis, epididymis, and vas deferens suggests a possible role for nitric oxide in spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and programmed cell death. Biol Reprod 1996;55(5):935-941.
14. Lewis SE, Donnelly ET, Sterling ES, et al. Nitric oxide synthase and nitrite production in human spermatozoa: evidence that endogenous nitric oxide is beneficial to sperm motility. Mol Hum Reprod 1996;2(11):873-878.
15. Effects of sexual activity on beard growth in man. Nature 1970;226(5248): 869-870.
16. Fox CA, Ismail AA, Love DN, et al. Studies on the relationship between plasma testosterone levels and human sexual activity. J Endocrinol 1972;52(1):51-58.
17. Dabbs JM Jr, Mohammed S. Male and female salivary testosterone concentrations before and after sexual activity. Physiol Behav 1992;52(1):195-197.
18. LaFerla JJ, Anderson DL, Schalch DS. Psychoendocrine response to sexual arousal in human males. Psychosom Med 1978;40(2):166-172.
19. Stoléru SG, Ennaji A, Cournot A, et al. LH pulsatile secretion and testosterone blood levels are influenced by sexual arousal in human males. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1993;18(3):205-218.
20. Escasa MJ, Casey JF, Gray PB. Salivary testosterone levels in men at a U.S. sex club. Arch Sex Behav 2011;40(5):921-926.
21. Maia H, Haddad C, Pinheiro N, et al. The Effect of Oral Contraceptives Combined With Pycnogenol (Pinus Pinaster) On Aromatase and VEGF Expression in the Eutopic Endometrium of Endometriosis Patients. Gynecol Obstet 2014 Feb;4:203.
22. Glade MJ, Smith K. Oxidative stress, nutritional antioxidants, and testosterone secretion in men. Ann Nutr Disord & Ther 2015;2(1):1019.
23. Rohdewald P. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(4):158-168.
24. Hosseini S, Lee J, Sepulveda RT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. Nutr Res 2001;21(9):1251-1260.
25. Yang H-M, Liao M-F, Zhu S-Y, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Pycnogenol® on the climacteric syndrome in peri-menopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007;86(8):978-985.
26. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Life Sci 2004;74(7):855-862.
27. Zibadi S, Rohdewald P, Park D, et al. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes by Pycnogenol® supplementation. Nutr Res 2008;28(5):315-320.
28. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Stuard S, et al. Kidney Flow and Function in Hypertension: Protective Effects of Pycnogenol in Hypertensive Participants - A Controlled Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010;15(1):41-46.
29. Stuard S, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, et al. Kidney function in metabolic syndrome may be improved with Pycnogenol®. Panminerva Med 2010;52(suppl. 1 to No. 2):27-32.
30. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Preti P, et al. Sexual activity and plasma testosterone levels in hypertensive males. Am J Hypertens 2002;15(3):217-221.
2. Stanislavov R, Rohdewald P. Improvement of erectile function by a combination of French maritime pine bark and roburins with aminoacids. Minerva Urol Nefrol 2015;67(1):27-32.
3. Rohdewald P. Update on the clinical pharmacology of Pycnogenol®. Medical Research Archives 2015 July;3:1-11.
4. Ippolito E, Belcaro G, Luzzi R, et al. Robuvit®: improvement of fatigue in medical convalescence. J Sports Med Physical Fitness 2018;58(5):678-683.
5. Belcaro G, Saggino A, Cornelli U, et al. Improvement in mood, oxidative stress, fatigue and insomnia following supplementary management with Robuvit®. J Neurosurg Sci 2018;62(4):423-427.
6. Ledda A, Belcaro G, Cesarone et al. Investigations of a complex plant extract for mild to moderate erectile dysfunction in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel armed study. BJU Int 2010;106(7):1030-1033.
7. Aoki H, Nagao J, Ueda T, et al. Clinical Assessment of a Supplement Pycnogenol® and L-arginine in Japanese Patients with Mild to Moderate Erectile Dysfunction. Phytother Res 2012 May;26:204-207.
8. Rohdewald P. Review: Influence of combinations of Pycnogenol® and L-arginine aspartate on men’s virility and fertility. Sexual Health Issues 2017;1(2):1-4.
9. Fitzpatrick DF, Bing B, Rohdewald P. Endothelium-dependent vascular effects of Pycnogenol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998;32(4):509-515.
10. Nishioka K, Hidaka T, Nakamura. Pycnogenol®, French maritime pine bark extract, augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Hypertens Res 2007;30:775-780.
11. Rajfer J, Aronson WJ, Bush PA, et al. Nitric oxide as a mediator of relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmission. N Engl J Med 1992;326(2):90-94.
12. Burnett AL, Lowenstein CJ, Bredt DS, et al. Nitric oxide: A physiologic mediator of penile erection. Science 1992;257(5068):401-403.
13. Zini A, O’Bryan MK, Magid MS, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human testis, epididymis, and vas deferens suggests a possible role for nitric oxide in spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and programmed cell death. Biol Reprod 1996;55(5):935-941.
14. Lewis SE, Donnelly ET, Sterling ES, et al. Nitric oxide synthase and nitrite production in human spermatozoa: evidence that endogenous nitric oxide is beneficial to sperm motility. Mol Hum Reprod 1996;2(11):873-878.
15. Effects of sexual activity on beard growth in man. Nature 1970;226(5248): 869-870.
16. Fox CA, Ismail AA, Love DN, et al. Studies on the relationship between plasma testosterone levels and human sexual activity. J Endocrinol 1972;52(1):51-58.
17. Dabbs JM Jr, Mohammed S. Male and female salivary testosterone concentrations before and after sexual activity. Physiol Behav 1992;52(1):195-197.
18. LaFerla JJ, Anderson DL, Schalch DS. Psychoendocrine response to sexual arousal in human males. Psychosom Med 1978;40(2):166-172.
19. Stoléru SG, Ennaji A, Cournot A, et al. LH pulsatile secretion and testosterone blood levels are influenced by sexual arousal in human males. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1993;18(3):205-218.
20. Escasa MJ, Casey JF, Gray PB. Salivary testosterone levels in men at a U.S. sex club. Arch Sex Behav 2011;40(5):921-926.
21. Maia H, Haddad C, Pinheiro N, et al. The Effect of Oral Contraceptives Combined With Pycnogenol (Pinus Pinaster) On Aromatase and VEGF Expression in the Eutopic Endometrium of Endometriosis Patients. Gynecol Obstet 2014 Feb;4:203.
22. Glade MJ, Smith K. Oxidative stress, nutritional antioxidants, and testosterone secretion in men. Ann Nutr Disord & Ther 2015;2(1):1019.
23. Rohdewald P. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(4):158-168.
24. Hosseini S, Lee J, Sepulveda RT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. Nutr Res 2001;21(9):1251-1260.
25. Yang H-M, Liao M-F, Zhu S-Y, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Pycnogenol® on the climacteric syndrome in peri-menopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007;86(8):978-985.
26. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Life Sci 2004;74(7):855-862.
27. Zibadi S, Rohdewald P, Park D, et al. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes by Pycnogenol® supplementation. Nutr Res 2008;28(5):315-320.
28. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Stuard S, et al. Kidney Flow and Function in Hypertension: Protective Effects of Pycnogenol in Hypertensive Participants - A Controlled Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010;15(1):41-46.
29. Stuard S, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, et al. Kidney function in metabolic syndrome may be improved with Pycnogenol®. Panminerva Med 2010;52(suppl. 1 to No. 2):27-32.
30. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Preti P, et al. Sexual activity and plasma testosterone levels in hypertensive males. Am J Hypertens 2002;15(3):217-221.