Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Dogs
Main Article Content
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the repair process that cells normally undergo after they metabolize oxygen and form free radicals called reactive oxygen species (ROS). When ROS production is excessive, however, cells undergo damage and release biomarker lipids and enzymes that lead to tissue inflammation, infections, obesity and cancers. This study describes a practical and rapid screening salivary test for cellular oxidative stress (OS) in dogs, which can be addressed to help enhance their health and longevity.
Of the 228 dogs tested for ROS, 79 had elevated levels of the biolipid isoprostane; and 38 of them also had saliva-based profiles for food sensitivity and intolerances to 24 primary foods. Only 3 dogs were found to be reactive to 20 or more foods. These results suggest that dogs with elevated ROS and clinical issues related to intense itching, scratching, chewing, and bowel irritability had relatively few identified foods as the culprits.
Keywords:
oxidative stress, biomarkers, saliva
Article Details
How to Cite
DODDS, W. Jean.
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Dogs.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 5, may 2020.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/2112>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v8i5.2112.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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Copyright 2020 KEI Journals. All Rights Reserved http://journals.ke-i.org/index.php/mra
W. Jean Dodds Medical Research Archives vol 8 issue 5. May 2020 Page 12 of 13
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Copyright 2020 KEI Journals. All Rights Reserved http://journals.ke-i.org/index.php/mra
W. Jean Dodds Medical Research Archives vol 8 issue 5. May 2020 Page 13 of 13
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29. Özyürek M, Güçlu K, Apak R. The main and modified CUPRAC methods of antioxidant measurement. Trends Anal Chem 2011;30 (4): 652-664.
30. Niki E. Assessment of antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:503-515.
31. Hawkins Cl, Morgan PE, Davies MJ. Quantification of protein modification by oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46: 965-988.
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33. Lettrichová I, Tóthová L, Hodosy J, et al. Variability of salivary markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in young healthy individuals. Redox Report
2016; 21:1, 24-30.
doi: 10.1179/1351000215Y.0000000009
34. Dodds WJ. Diagnosis of canine food sensitivity and intolerance using saliva: report of outcomes. J Am Hol Vet Med Assoc 2017/2018; 49 (winter issue): 32-43.
2. Wang J, Schipper H, Velly A. et al. Salivary Biomarkers of oxidative stress: A critical review. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:95-104. /j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.005.
3. Ishii T, Mann GE. Redox status in mammalian cells and stem cells during culture in vitro: Critical roles of Nrf2 and cysteine transporter activity in the maintenance of redox balance. Redox Biol
2014; 2:786-794.
4. Kalinina EV, Chernov NN, Novichkova MD. Role of glutathione, glutathione transferase, and glutaredoxin in regulation of
redox-dependent processes. Biochem (Moscow) 2014; 79 (13): 1562-1583.
5. McMichael M. Timely topics in nutrition.
Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and assessment of oxidative stress in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 231:714-
720.
6. Dröge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function.
Physiol Rev 2002; 82(1):47–95.
7. Liachev SI. Reactive oxygen species and the free radical theory of aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:1–4.
8. Dodds WJ, Callewaert DM. Novel biomarkers of oxidative stress for veterinary medicine, parts 1 & 2. Proc Am Hol Vet Med Assoc 2016; Columbus, OH, 2016, Sept 10-13; 64-70 and 71-73.
9. Nentwig A, Schweighauser A, Maissen-Villiger C, et al. Assessment of the expression of biomarkers of uremic inflammation in dogs with renal disease. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77: 218-224.
10. Barker AD, Day RW, Dennis AJ. et al. Nutrient formulations for disease reduction. 2003; US Patent 6,646,013 issued Nov 11, 2003.
11. Kangas K. A review of oxidative stress and the Nrf1 pathway. J Am Hol Vet Med Assoc 2016; 44 (fall issue): 8-13.
12. Winter JL, Berber LG, Freeman L, et al. Antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:311-316.
Copyright 2020 KEI Journals. All Rights Reserved http://journals.ke-i.org/index.php/mra
W. Jean Dodds Medical Research Archives vol 8 issue 5. May 2020 Page 12 of 13
13. Plavec T, Nemec SA, Butinar J, et al. Antioxidant status in canine cancer patients.
ActaVet (Beograd) 2008; 58(203): 275-286.
14. Roberts LJ, Morrow JD. Measurement of F2-isoprostanes as an index of oxidative stress in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med
2000; 28: 510-513.
15. Morrow JD, Zackert WE, Yang JP, et al. Quantification of the major urinary metabolite of 15-F2t-isoprostane (8-iso-
PGF2α) by a stable isotope dilution mass spectrometric assay. Anal Biochem 1999; 269: 326-331.
16. Morrow JD, Roberts LJ. The isoprostanes: unique bioactive products of
lipid peroxidation.Prog Lipid Res
1997;36: 1 -21.
17. Wang Z, Ciabattoni G, Créminon C, et al, Immunological characterization of urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2αexcretion in man. J Pharm Exp Ther 1995; 27 (5): 94-100.
18. Morrow JD, Awad JA, Boss HJ, et al. Noncyclooxygenase derived prostanoids (F2-isoprostanes) are formed in situ in phospholipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1992; 89:10721-10725.
19. Morrow JD, Harris TM, Roberts LJ. 2nd Noncyclooxygenase oxidative formation of
a series of novel prostaglandins: analytical
ramifications for measurement of eicosanoids. Anal Biochem 1990; 184(1):1– 10.
20. Morrow JD, Hill KE, Burk RF, et al. A series of prostaglandin F2-like compounds are produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase, free radical-catalyzed mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1990;87: 9383-9387.
21. Apak R, Gorinstein S, Böhm V, et al. Methods of measurement and evaluation of natural antioxidant capacity/activity (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Applied Chem
2013;85 (5):957-998.
22. McAnalley S, Koepke CM, Le L, et al. In vitro methods for testing antioxidant potential; a review. GlycoSci & Nutr 2003; 4:1-9.
23. DelRio D, Stewart AJ, Pellegrini N. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis
2005;15: 316-328.
24. Draper HH, Csallany AS, Hadley M. Urinary aldehydes as indicators of lipid peroxidation in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med
2000; 29:1071-1077.
Copyright 2020 KEI Journals. All Rights Reserved http://journals.ke-i.org/index.php/mra
W. Jean Dodds Medical Research Archives vol 8 issue 5. May 2020 Page 13 of 13
25. Perez DD, Leighton F, Aspee A, et al. A comparison of methods employed to evaluate antioxidant capabilities. Biol Res
2000; 33:71-77.
26. Mutter FE, Park BK, Copple IM. Value of monitoring Nrf2 activity for the detection of chemical and oxidative stress. Biochem
Soc Trans 2015: 43: 657–662. doi:10.1042/BST20150044
27. Ma Q. Role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol
2013; 53: 401-426.
28. Huang Y, Zhu M, Li Z, et al. Mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic profiling identifies alterations in salivary redox status and fatty acid metabolism in response to inflammation and oxidative stress in periodontal disease. Free Radic Biol and Med 2014; 70: 223-232.
29. Özyürek M, Güçlu K, Apak R. The main and modified CUPRAC methods of antioxidant measurement. Trends Anal Chem 2011;30 (4): 652-664.
30. Niki E. Assessment of antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:503-515.
31. Hawkins Cl, Morgan PE, Davies MJ. Quantification of protein modification by oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46: 965-988.
32. Lloyd KC, Khanna C, Hendricks W, et al. Commentary. Precision medicine: an opportunity for a paradigm shift in veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc
2016; 248:45-48.
33. Lettrichová I, Tóthová L, Hodosy J, et al. Variability of salivary markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in young healthy individuals. Redox Report
2016; 21:1, 24-30.
doi: 10.1179/1351000215Y.0000000009
34. Dodds WJ. Diagnosis of canine food sensitivity and intolerance using saliva: report of outcomes. J Am Hol Vet Med Assoc 2017/2018; 49 (winter issue): 32-43.