The Vitreous Body and Its Role in the Diagnosis of Eye Pathologies
Main Article Content
Abstract
Vitreous humour is a biologically weak immune cavity of the eye, and is in some way isolated from pathogens of the rest of the organism due to a series of special immunological privileges. However, it is a place where processes of varied ethiology (immune, infectious or neoplastic) can develop indirectly due to leakage or release of molecules or even cells into the vitreous chamber, or may be the receptacle of molecules derived from processes developed in other organs in close contact with the vitreous (such as the retina or other underlying layers such as the choroid), which makes the vitreous body an accessible place for diagnosis and with less potential for side effects for analysis than other adjacent eye structures. This article reviews the most frequent pathologies that requires vitreous diagnosis, the most commonly used approaches for sampling and the diagnostic tests that can be performed on vitreous samples.
Keywords:
masquerade syndrome, uveitis, lymphoma, vitritis, vitrectomy
Article Details
How to Cite
ASENCIO-DURAN, Mónica et al.
The Vitreous Body and Its Role in the Diagnosis of Eye Pathologies.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 9, sep. 2021.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/2543>. Date accessed: 24 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v9i9.2543.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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3. Jiang LQ, Jorquera M, Streilein JW. Subretinal space and vitreous cavity as immunologically privileged sites for retinal allografts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34(12):3347-54.
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6. Bloch‐Michel E, Nussenblatt RB. International uveitis study recommendations for the evaluation of intraocular inflammatory disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1987; 103:234-235.
7. Rothova A, et al. Uveitis masquerade syndromes. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:386-399.
8. Whitcup SM, Nussenblatt RB. Immunologic mechanisms of uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1997; 115:520-525.
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12. Chana CC, Rubensteinb JL, Coupland SE, et al. Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: A Report from an International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group Symposium. Oncologist 2011;16(11):1589-1599.
13. Char DJ, Ljung BM, Miller T, Phillips T. Primary intraocular lymphoma (ocular reticulum cell sarcoma) diagnosis and management. Ophthalmology 1988;95:625-30.
14. Rockwood EJ, Zakov ZN, Bay JW. Combined malignant lymphoma of the eye and CNS (reticulum-cell sarcoma). Report of three cases. J Neurosurg 1984;61:369-74.
15. Whitcup SM, de Smet MD, Rubin BI, et al. Intraocular lymphoma. Clinical and histopathologic diagnosis. Ophthalmology 1993;100:1399-406.
16. Sharma T, Grewal J, Gupta S, et al. Ophthalmic manifestations of acute leukaemias: the ophthalmologist’s role. Eye 2004; 18:663-672.
17. Swartz M, Schumann GB. Acute leukaemic infiltration of the vitreous diagnosed by pars plana aspiration. Am J Ophthalmol 1980;90:326-330.
18. Zhioua R, Boussen I, Malek I, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and vitreous infiltration. A case study. J Français Ophthalmol 2001;24:180-182.
19. Chinnam M, Goodrich DW. RB1, development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2011; 94: 129–169.
20. Singh HM, Thomas VM, Lia NL, Madgula AS, Putra I, Vredenburgh J. Lung adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the vitreous – A case report and review of literature, Current Problems in Cancer: Case Reports, Volume 3, 2021, 100064, ISSN 2666-6219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpccr.2021.100064.
21. Gelman R, Lee SE, Rocha N, Kayserman LG, Vallar RV, Marr BP. Vitreous Metastasis in a Case of Metastatic Breast Cancer. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020;6(5):323-327.
22. Praidou A, Jacob S, Irion L, Sivaraj R, Groenewald C, Coupland SE, Heimann H. BMC Cancer 2017; 17: 430.
23. Manusow, JS, Khoja, L, Pesin N. et al. Retinal vasculitis and ocular vitreous metastasis following complete response to PD-1 inhibition in a patient with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. J Immunotherapy Cancer 2014; 2, 41.
24. Kim CY, Ha CW, Lee SC. Vitreous and Retinal Metastasis from Gastric Cancer. Eur J Ophthalmol 2010;20(3):615-617.
25. Parija, J. Vitreous Humor Metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Cervix. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 2017; 15, 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-017-0117-1
26. Yang RH, Lee TH, Chu YK. A rare metastasis to the vitreous from primary breast lymphoma Oncol Clin Pract 2016; 12, 3: 108-111
27. Biswas J, Annamalai R, Krishnaraj V. Biopsy Pathology in Uveitis. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2011;18(4):261-267.
28. Allegonda Van der Lelij, Aniki Rothovab. Diagnostic anterior chamber paracentesis in uveitis: a safe procedure? Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:976-979.
29. Finger PT, Papp C, Latkany P, et al. Anterior chamber paracentesis cytology (cytospin technique) for the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90:690-692.
30. Augsburger JJ. Invasive diagnostic techniques for uveitis and simulating conditions. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1990;88:89-104.
31. Sarafzadeh S, Corrêa ZM, Dhamija A, et al. Intraocular lymphoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Acta Ophthalmol 2010:88:705-710.
32. Donahue SP, Kowalski RP, Jewart BH, et al. Vitreous cultures in suspected endophthalmitis. Biopsy or vitrectomy? Ophthalmology 1993;100:452-5.
33. Okhravi N, Towler HMA, Hykin P, et al. Assessment of a standard treatment protocol on visual outcome following presumed bacterial endophthalmitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:719-25.
34. Lobo A, Lightman S. Vitreous aspiration needle tap in the diagnosis of intraocular inflammation. Ophthalmology 2003;110:595-599.
35. Eide N, Walaas L. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and other biopsies in suspected intraocular malignant disease: a review. Acta Ophthalmol 2009;87(6):588-601.
36. Donahue SP, Kowalski RP, Jewart BH, et al. Vitreous cultures in suspected endophthalmitis. Biopsy or vitrectomy? Ophthalmology 1993;100:452-5.
37. Li KK, Chan WM, Tam BS, et al. Needle tap in the diagnosis of inflammation. Ophthalmology 2004;111(3):609; author reply 609-10.
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