Drosophila as a Model System for Cardiology: The Case of Melatonin and Heartbeat Regularity
Main Article Content
Abstract
Our objective in this review is to summarize evidence of the strong cardiac rhythmicity-enhancing power of melatonin in the Drosophila melanogaster model system and discuss the implications of these findings in the context of fundamental cardiac pacemaker function and potential clinical applications. Drosophila has proven itself as an exceptional research organism given the far-reaching genetic and molecular tools it offers. We consider details of the fly's myogenic, ion-channel-based pacemaker and summarize aspects of its neurohomonal control. Melatonin, in the context of cardiology, has predominately been associated with its antioxidant properties in the prevention of reperfusion damage after infarct, but we have strongly confirmed the few reports of its effect strengthening rhythmicity. We discuss our clear results showing that melatonin is capable of converting normal noisy heartbeat to an extremely regular oscillator. It rescues the very uneven beat of the hearts of flies bearing a serious mutation in a gene encoding one of its core pacemaker ion channels. Possible mechanisms for these effects are considered.
Keywords:
Drosophila pacemaker, ion channels, heartbeat regularity, melatonin
Article Details
How to Cite
DOWSE, H.; VANKIRK, T.
Drosophila as a Model System for Cardiology: The Case of Melatonin and Heartbeat Regularity.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 5, june 2022.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/2808>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i5.2808.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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18. Dowse H, Ringo J, Power et al. A congenital heart defect in Drosophila caused by an action-potential mutation. J Neurogenet. 1995;10:153–68.
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21. Irisawa H, Brown HF, Giles W. Cardiac pacemaking in the sinoatrial node. Physiol Rev. 1993;73:197–227.
22. Bers, DM, Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force. Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordecht 2001.
23. Dowse HB. Analyses for Physiological and Behavioral Rhythmicity. In: Methods in Enzymology. 2009;141–174.
24. Chatfield C. The Analysis of Time Series. Taylor and Francis 1980.
25. Levine JD, Funes P, Dowse HB, Hall JC. Signal analysis of behavioral and molecular cycles. BMC Neurosci. 2002;3:1.
26. Burg, J.P., Maximum entropy spectral analysis. In: Childers, G. (Ed.), Modern Spectral Analysis. IEEE Press, New York 1967;34–41.
27. Ulrych, T, Bishop, T, 1975. Maximum entropy spectral analysis and autoregressive decomposition. Rev Geo-Phy Space Phys. 1975;13:183–200.
28. VanKirk T, Powers E, Dowse HB. Melatonin increases the regularity of cardiac rhythmicity in the Drosophila heart in both wild-type and strains bearing pathogenic mutations. J Comp Physiol B, 2017;187(1):63-78 doi:10.1007/s00360-016-1019-8
29. Garcia M, King V, Siegl P. Binding of Ca2+ entry blockers to cardiac sarcolemmal membrane vesicles. J Biol Chem. 1986;261:8164-8157.
30. Ghoa M, Mallart M. Two distinct calcium-activated potassium currents in larval muscle fibers of Drosophila melanogaster. 1986;407:526-533.
31. Wu C-F, Ganetzky B, Jan LY, Jan YN, Benzer S. A Drosophila mutant with a temperature-sensitive block in nerve conduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci. U. S. A. 1978;75:4047–4051.
32. Kernan MJ, Kuroda MI. et al. napts, a mutation affecting sodium channel activity in Drosophila, is an allele of mle, a regulator of X chromosome transcription. Cell. 1991;66:949–959.
33. Suzuki DT, Grigliatti T, Williamson R. Temperature-sensitive mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, VII. A mutation (parats) causing a reversible adult paralysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1971;68:890–893.
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