Tanning Salons and Melanoma Risk
Main Article Content
Abstract
There has been considerable debate concerning melanoma risk associated with the use of commercial tanning salons. In this review we examine the current state of the scientific evidence on this subject as well as whether use of tanning salons confers any health benefit. We conclude that there is no persuasive evidence that use of commercial tanning salons is associated with increased risk of melanoma, that there is significant evidence that use of commercial tanning salons is associated with decreased risk of melanoma, and that use of commercial tanning salons confers a significant health benefit.
Article Details
How to Cite
HOEL, David G..
Tanning Salons and Melanoma Risk.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 6, june 2022.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/2809>. Date accessed: 14 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i6.2809.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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2. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/wpcontent/uploads/2018/06/mono100D.pdf
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9. Boniol M, Autier P, Boyle P, Gandini S. Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;345:e4757. Correction BMJ. 2012;345:e8503.
10. Clough-Gorr KM, Titus-Ernstoff L, Perry AE, Spencer SK, Ernstoff MS. Exposure to sunlamps, tanning beds, and melanoma risk. Cancer Causes Control 2008;19:659-669.
11. Correction. Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;345:e8503]
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16. Hoel DG. Commercial tanning salons and melanoma risk. Dermato- Endocrinology. 2017;Vol. 9(1): e1270485.
17. Burgard B, Schöpe J, Holzschuh I, Schiekofer C, Reichrath S, Stefan W, Pilz S, Ordonez-Mena J, März W, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Solarium use and risk for malignant melanoma: Meta-analysis and evidence-based medicine systematic review. Anticancer Res. 2018;38(2):1187-1199.
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20. Lazovich DA, Vogel RI, Berwick M, Weinstock MA, Anderson KE, Warshaw EM. Indoor Tanning and Risk of Melanoma: A Case-Control Study in a Highly Exposed Population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19:1557-1568.
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22. Ghiasvand R, Rueegg CS, Weiderpass E, Green AC, Lund E, Veierod MB. Indoor Tanning and Melanoma Risk: Long-Term Evidence from a Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017;185:147-156.
23. Reichrath J, Lindqvist PG, DE Gruijl FR, Pilz S, Kimball SM, Grant WB and Holick MF: A Critical appraisal of the recent reports on Sunbeds from the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks and from the World Health Organization. Anticancer Res. 2018;38:1111-1120.
24. Burgard B and Reichrath J. Solarium Use and Risk for Malignant Melanoma: Many Open Questions, Not the Time to Close the Debate. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1268:155-170.
25. Alfredsson L, Armstrong BK, Butterfield DA, Chowdhury R, de Gruijl FR, Feelisch M, Garland CF, Hart PH, Hoel DG, Jacobsen R, Lindqvist PG, Llewellyn DJ, Tiemeier H, Weller RB, Young AR. Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5014.
26. Feelisch M, Kolb-Bachofen V, Liu D, Lundberg JO, Revelo LP, Suschek CV, Weller RB. Is sunlight good for our heart? Eur. Heart J. 2010;31:1041–1045.
27. Mowbray M, McLintock S, Weerakoon R, Lomatschinsky N, Jones S, Rossi AG, Weller RB. Enzyme-independent NO stores in human skin: Quantification and influence of UV radiation. J. Investig. Dermatol. 2009;129:834–842.
28. https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/U_Z/Vitamin-D
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30. Macdonald HM, Mavroeidi A, Fraser WD, Darling AL, Black AJ, Aucott L, O'Neill F, Hart K, Berry Lanham-New SA, Reid DM. Sunlight and dietary contributions to the seasonal vitamin D status of cohorts of healthy postmenopausal women living at northerly latitudes: a major cause for concern. Osteroporos Int. 2011;22:2461-2472.
31. Liu X, Baylin A, Levy PD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implications. Br J Nutr.2018:119:928-936.
32. Kumar J, Muntner P, Kaskel FJ, Hailpern SM, Melamed ML. Prevalence and Associations of 25-ydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in US Children: NHANES 2001-2004. Pediatrics.2009;124:e362-e370.
2. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/wpcontent/uploads/2018/06/mono100D.pdf
3. The International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group on artificial (UV) light and skin cancer. The association of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant melanoma and other skin cancers: A systematic review. Int J Cancer. 2006;120:1116-1122.
4. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS, Pasquini P, Abeni D, Boyle P, Melchi CF. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: I. Common and atypical naevi. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:28-44.
5. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS, Pasquini P, Abeni D, Boyle P, Melchi CF. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: II. Sun exposure. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:45-60.
6. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS, Pasquini P, Abeni D, Boyle P, Melchi CF. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: III. Family history, actinic damage and phenotypic factors. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41:2040-2059.
7. Walter SD, King WD, Marrett LD. Association of cutaneous malignant melanoma with intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation: results of a case-control study in Ontario, Canada. Int J Epidemiol 1999;28:418-427.
8. Chen Y-T, Dubrow R, Zheng T, Barnhill RL, Fine J, Berwick M. Sunlamp use and the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma: a population-based case-control study in Connecticut, USA. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27:758-765.
9. Boniol M, Autier P, Boyle P, Gandini S. Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;345:e4757. Correction BMJ. 2012;345:e8503.
10. Clough-Gorr KM, Titus-Ernstoff L, Perry AE, Spencer SK, Ernstoff MS. Exposure to sunlamps, tanning beds, and melanoma risk. Cancer Causes Control 2008;19:659-669.
11. Correction. Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;345:e8503]
12. Colantonio S, Bracken MB, Beecker J. The association of indoor tanning and melanoma in adults: Systematic review and meta- analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;5:847-857.
13. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=1040.20
14. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/policy-maximum-timer-interval-and-exposure-schedule-sunlamp-products (click on Download the Final Guidance Document)
15. https://www.arpansa.gov.au/sites/default/files/legacy/pubs/RadiationProtection/FitzpatrickSkinType.pdf
16. Hoel DG. Commercial tanning salons and melanoma risk. Dermato- Endocrinology. 2017;Vol. 9(1): e1270485.
17. Burgard B, Schöpe J, Holzschuh I, Schiekofer C, Reichrath S, Stefan W, Pilz S, Ordonez-Mena J, März W, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Solarium use and risk for malignant melanoma: Meta-analysis and evidence-based medicine systematic review. Anticancer Res. 2018;38(2):1187-1199.
18. Suppa M and Gandini S. Sunbeds and melanoma risk: Time to close the debate. Curr Opin Oncol. 2019;31(2):65-71.
19. Lazovich DA, Vogel RI, Weinstock MA, Nelson HH, Ahmed RL, Berwick M. Association Between Indoor Tanning and Melanoma in Younger Men and Women. JAMA Dermatol 2016;152:268-275.
20. Lazovich DA, Vogel RI, Berwick M, Weinstock MA, Anderson KE, Warshaw EM. Indoor Tanning and Risk of Melanoma: A Case-Control Study in a Highly Exposed Population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19:1557-1568.
21. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/familial-malignant-melanoma#:~:text=Overall%2C%20about%208%25%20of%20people,more%20close%20relatives%20with%20melanoma.
22. Ghiasvand R, Rueegg CS, Weiderpass E, Green AC, Lund E, Veierod MB. Indoor Tanning and Melanoma Risk: Long-Term Evidence from a Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017;185:147-156.
23. Reichrath J, Lindqvist PG, DE Gruijl FR, Pilz S, Kimball SM, Grant WB and Holick MF: A Critical appraisal of the recent reports on Sunbeds from the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks and from the World Health Organization. Anticancer Res. 2018;38:1111-1120.
24. Burgard B and Reichrath J. Solarium Use and Risk for Malignant Melanoma: Many Open Questions, Not the Time to Close the Debate. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1268:155-170.
25. Alfredsson L, Armstrong BK, Butterfield DA, Chowdhury R, de Gruijl FR, Feelisch M, Garland CF, Hart PH, Hoel DG, Jacobsen R, Lindqvist PG, Llewellyn DJ, Tiemeier H, Weller RB, Young AR. Insufficient Sun Exposure Has Become a Real Public Health Problem. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5014.
26. Feelisch M, Kolb-Bachofen V, Liu D, Lundberg JO, Revelo LP, Suschek CV, Weller RB. Is sunlight good for our heart? Eur. Heart J. 2010;31:1041–1045.
27. Mowbray M, McLintock S, Weerakoon R, Lomatschinsky N, Jones S, Rossi AG, Weller RB. Enzyme-independent NO stores in human skin: Quantification and influence of UV radiation. J. Investig. Dermatol. 2009;129:834–842.
28. https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/U_Z/Vitamin-D
29. Holick MF (1994) McCollum award lecture, 1994: vitamin D- new horizons for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 60:619–630
30. Macdonald HM, Mavroeidi A, Fraser WD, Darling AL, Black AJ, Aucott L, O'Neill F, Hart K, Berry Lanham-New SA, Reid DM. Sunlight and dietary contributions to the seasonal vitamin D status of cohorts of healthy postmenopausal women living at northerly latitudes: a major cause for concern. Osteroporos Int. 2011;22:2461-2472.
31. Liu X, Baylin A, Levy PD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implications. Br J Nutr.2018:119:928-936.
32. Kumar J, Muntner P, Kaskel FJ, Hailpern SM, Melamed ML. Prevalence and Associations of 25-ydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in US Children: NHANES 2001-2004. Pediatrics.2009;124:e362-e370.