Historic and Emerging Applications of BCG in Prevention and Treatment of Disease
Main Article Content
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) was introduced 100 years ago for vaccination against tuberculosis and 40 years ago for treatment of bladder cancer. Yet the last decade has witnessed a surge of new uses of BCG in the prevention or treatment of autoimmune disease, allergy and respiratory disease unrelated to tuberculosis. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of the two main uses of BCG, tuberculosis prevention and bladder cancer treatment. It discusses the animal and human studies underlying the new uses of BCG. Finally, it covers the two avenues of basic science propelling the new uses of BCG, both of which rely on BCG role as an inducer of the cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF): the selective destruction of autoreactive T-lymphocytes and the induction of T-regulatory cells.
Article Details
How to Cite
FAUSTMAN, Denise Louise.
Historic and Emerging Applications of BCG in Prevention and Treatment of Disease.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 8, nov. 2015.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/296>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
Keywords
BCG vaccine, TNF
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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29. Lamm DL, et al. (1986) Complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy in 1,278 patients with bladder cancer. The Journal of urology 135(2):272-274.
30. Lamm DL, et al. (1992) Incidence and treatment of complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin intravesical therapy in superficial bladder cancer. The Journal of urology 147(3):596-600.
31. Orihuela E, et al. (1987) Toxicity of intravesical BCG and its management in patients with superficial bladder tumors. Cancer 60(3):326-333.
32. Koga H, et al. (2005) Adverse drug reactions of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation and risk factors of the development of adverse drug reactions in superficial cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 12(2):145-151.
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2. Colditz GA, et al. (1995) The efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination of newborns and infants in the prevention of tuberculosis: meta-analyses of the published literature. Pediatrics 96(1 Pt 1):29-35.
3. Trunz BB, Fine P, & Dye C (2006) Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a meta-analysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness. Lancet 367(9517):1173-1180.
4. paper Wp (2004) BCG vaccine. . Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiene du Secretariat de la Societe des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations 79(4):27-38.
5. Bohme J, et al. (1990) MHC-linked protection from diabetes dissociated from clonal deletion of T cells. Science 249(4966):293-295.
6. Rahman MM & McFadden G (2006) Modulation of tumor necrosis factor by microbial pathogens. PLoS pathogens 2(2):e4.
7. Luca S & Mihaescu T (2013) History of BCG Vaccine. Maedica 8(1):53-58.
8. Calmette A, Guerin C, & Negre L (1927) Sur la vaccination preventive des enfants nouveau-nes contre la tuberculose par le BCG. Ann Inst Pasteur, Lille 41:201-232.
9. Rodrigues LC, Diwan VK, & Wheeler JG (1993) Protective effect of BCG against tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. International journal of epidemiology 22(6):1154-1158.
10. Ritz N & Curtis N (2009) Mapping the global use of different BCG vaccine strains. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 89(4):248-251.
11. Liu J, et al. (2009) BCG vaccines: their mechanisms of attenuation and impact on safety and protective efficacy. Human vaccines 5(2):70-78.
12. Milstien JB & Gibson JJ (1990) Quality control of BCG vaccine by WHO: a review of factors that may influence vaccine effectiveness and safety. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 68(1):93-108.
13. Aronson NE, et al. (2004) Long-term efficacy of BCG vaccine in American Indians and Alaska Natives: A 60-year follow-up study. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 291(17):2086-2091.
14. Lotte A, et al. (1984) BCG complications. Estimates of the risks among vaccinated subjects and statistical analysis of their main characteristics. Advances in tuberculosis research. Fortschritte der Tuberkuloseforschung. Progres de l'exploration de la tuberculose 21:107-193.
15. Hesseling AC, et al. (2006) Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine-induced disease in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 42(4):548-558.
16. Casanova JL, et al. (1996) Idiopathic disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection: a French national retrospective study. Pediatrics 98(4 Pt 1):774-778.
17. Allard P, et al. (1998) The early clinical course of primary Ta and T1 bladder cancer: a proposed prognostic index. British journal of urology 81(5):692-698.
18. Kurth KH, et al. (1995) Factors affecting recurrence and progression in superficial bladder tumours. Eur J Cancer 31A(11):1840-1846.
19. Morales A, Eidinger D, & Bruce AW (1976) Intracavitary Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. The Journal of urology 116(2):180-183.
20. Lamm DL, et al. (1980) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer. The Journal of urology 124(1):38-40.
21. Pinsky CM, et al. (1985) Intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with recurrent superficial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: report of a prospective, randomized trial. Cancer treatment reports 69(1):47-53.
22. Network NCC (2012) Bladder Cancer. in NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines). .
23. Shelley MD, et al. (2004) Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin is superior to mitomycin C in reducing tumour recurrence in high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. BJU international 93(4):485-490.
24. Han RF & Pan JG (2006) Can intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin reduce recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Urology 67(6):1216-1223.
25. Shang PF, et al. (2011) Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus epirubicin for Ta and T1 bladder cancer. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (5):CD006885.
26. Lamm DL, et al. (2000) Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group Study. The Journal of urology 163(4):1124-1129.
27. Sylvester RJ, van der MA, & Lamm DL (2002) Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin reduces the risk of progression in patients with superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials. The Journal of urology 168(5):1964-1970.
28. Houghton BB, et al. (2013) Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guerin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BJU international 111(6):977-983.
29. Lamm DL, et al. (1986) Complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy in 1,278 patients with bladder cancer. The Journal of urology 135(2):272-274.
30. Lamm DL, et al. (1992) Incidence and treatment of complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin intravesical therapy in superficial bladder cancer. The Journal of urology 147(3):596-600.
31. Orihuela E, et al. (1987) Toxicity of intravesical BCG and its management in patients with superficial bladder tumors. Cancer 60(3):326-333.
32. Koga H, et al. (2005) Adverse drug reactions of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation and risk factors of the development of adverse drug reactions in superficial cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 12(2):145-151.
33. Ali-El-Dein B, et al. (2013) Weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) alternating with epirubicin in Ta and T1 urothelial bladder cancer: An approach to decrease BCG toxicity. Urology annals 5(2):103-108.
34. Tinazzi E, et al. (2006) Reactive arthritis following BCG immunotherapy for urinary bladder carcinoma: a systematic review. Rheumatology international 26(6):481-488.
35. Perez-Jacoiste Asin MA, et al. (2014) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection following intravesical BCG administration as adjunctive therapy for bladder cancer: incidence, risk factors, and outcome in a single-institution series and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 93(17):236-254.
36. Singh B (2014) Prevention of type I diabetes and its recurrence by immunotherapy with mycobacterial adjuvants. The Value of BCG and TNF in Autoimmunity., (Academic Press, Boston, MA), p 2.
37. Strachan DP (1989) Hay-Fever, Hygiene, and Household Size. British Medical Journal 299(6710):1259-1260.
38. Sadelain MWJ, et al. (1990) Prevention of type I diabetes in NOD mice by adjuvant immunotherapy. Diabetes 39:583-589.
39. McInerney MF, Pek SB, & Thomas DW (1991) Prevention of insulitis and diabetes onset by treatment with complete Freund's adjuvant in NOD mice. Diabetes 40:715-725.
40. Harada M, Kishimoto Y, & Makino S (1990) Prevention of overt diabetes and insulitis in NOD mice by a single BCG vaccination. Diabetes Res. Clin. Prac. 8(2):85-89.
41. Shehadeh N, et al. (1994) Effect of adjuvant therapy on development of diabetes in mouse and man [see comments]. Lancet 343(8899):706-707.
42. Rabinovitch A, et al. (1995) Tumor necrosis factor mediates the protective effect of Freund's adjuvant against autoimmune diabetes in BB rats. J. Autoimmunity 8(3):357-366.
43. Ryu S, et al. (2001) Reversal of established autoimmune diabetes by restoration of endogenous beta cell function. The Journal of clinical investigation 108(1):63-72.
44. Kodama S, et al. (2003) Islet regeneration during the reversal of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Science 302:1223-1227.
45. Pozzilli P (1997) BCG vaccine in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. IMDIAB Group. Lancet 349(9064):1520-1521.
46. Allen HF, et al. (1999) Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination on new-onset type 1 diabetes. A randomized clinical study. Diabetes care 22(10):1703-1707.
47. Dahlquist G & Gothefors L (1995) The cumulative incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus in Sweden unaffected by BCG-vaccination [letter] [see comments]. Diabetologia 38(7):873-874.
48. Parent ME, et al. (1997) Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination and incidence of IDDM in Montreal, Canada. Diabetes care 20(5):767-772.
49. Huppmann M, et al. (2005) Neonatal Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination and type 1 diabetes. Diabetes care 28(5):1204-1206.
50. Karaci M & Aydin M (2002) Effect of BCG vaccine in the prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Contemp J Med 2:1-8.
51. Karaci M (2014) The Protective Effect of the BCG Vaccine on the Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Humans. The Value of BCG and TNF in Autoimmunity., (Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts), First Edition Ed, pp 52-62.
52. Shehadeh N, et al. (1997) Repeated BCG vaccination is more effective than a single dose in preventing diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Isr J Med Sci 33(11):711-715.
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