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01 · ABSTRACT

Abstract

This minireview wants to draw the readers' attention to a neglected complication of insulin therapy, i.e., lipohypertrophy due to injection errors. The considerable diffusion of lipohypertrophy represents evidence of a lack of education and monitoring. This phenomenon occurs despite international recommendations on correct injection techniques in the latest American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes edition. There are no precise indications in the literature for well-organized courses for educators like those promoted by the International Diabetes Federation. The damage caused by LH, such as poor glycemic control, significant blood sugar variability, and unexpected hypoglycemic events, represents a high risk for acute and chronic complications of diabetes and an increase in health and social costs. Unfortunately, as reported by the WHO, health costs tend to increase spontaneously over time and have been increasing recently with the COVID-19 pandemic, which has also enormously contributed to new cases of diabetes. For all this, a call to action is required for errors in insulin injection techniques across the board, involving university programs, specialization programs, joint efforts of all scientific endocrinology-related societies, manufacturers of insulin and injection devices, and Ministries of health.

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02 · PUBLICATION RECORD

Article details

JournalMedical Research Archives
IssueVol 10 No 9 (2022): Vol.10 Issue 9 September 2022
SectionResearch Articles
Published20 September 2022
DOI10.18103/mra.v10i9.3019
ISSN2375-1924
03 · RIGHTS & REUSE

Rights & reuse

This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0) and may be shared or distributed by anyone as long as attribution is given to the journal.

Authors & affiliations

SG

Sandro Gentile

Nefrocenter Research and Nyx Start-Up, Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, Campania University ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’, Naples, Italy

ES

Ersilia Satta

Nefrocenter Research and Nyx Start-Up, Naples, Italy; Polyspecialistic Nephrologic Center CNP Srl, Fratta Maggiore, Italy

GG

Giuseppina Guarino

Nefrocenter Research and Nyx Start-Up, Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, Campania University ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’, Naples, Italy

AM

Adalgisa Maffettone

Department of Biology and Bichemistry "Maiello", Nefrocenter Research Network, Naples, Italy

EH

Erika Eliana Heinke

Department of Biology and Bichemistry "Maiello", Nefrocenter Research Network, Naples, Italy

ED

Elvira Donnarumma

Department of Biology and Bichemistry "Maiello", Nefrocenter Research Network, Naples, Italy

RC

Romina Castellano

Department of Biology and Bichemistry "Maiello", Nefrocenter Research Network, Naples, Italy

SI

Salvatore Izzo

Department of Biology and Bichemistry "Maiello", Nefrocenter Research Network, Naples, Italy

IM

Iolanda Manzo

Department of Biology and Bichemistry "Maiello", Nefrocenter Research Network, Naples, Italy

FS

Felice Strollo

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy

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