Extraganglionary Localization of Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology: Rare Presentations About 29 Cases
Main Article Content
Abstract
The extra nodal tuberculosis is a rare disease in Ear, Nose and Throat. The aim of this work is to study the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic profiles of rare locations of ENT extra nodal tuberculosis.
This is a retrospective study between June 2003 and June 2019, including 29 cases of ENT extra nodal tuberculosis.
There were 6 cases of laryngeal tuberculosis, 5 cases of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis, 5 cases of salivary gland tuberculosis, 3 cases of tonsillar tuberculosis, 1 case of tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess, 3 cases of nasal tuberculosis, 3 cases of tuberculosis of the middle ear, 1 case of thyroid tuberculosis, 1 case of tuberculosis of the bony palate, and 1 case of mandibular tuberculosis.
All ages were affected with a predominance of young adults. The clinical signs, as well as radiological or endoscopic examinations, were not specific. The diagnosis was based on histology and/or bacteriology. Antibacillary therapy was instaured in all cases.
Extra nodal tuberculosis in ENT is rare. It is dominated by the laryngeal location. It must be considered as a differential diagnosis in front of any atypical symptoms, particularly in endemic countries.
Keywords:
tuberculosis, ENT, extranodal, therapy
Article Details
How to Cite
BENHOUMMAD, Othmane et al.
Extraganglionary Localization of Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology: Rare Presentations About 29 Cases.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 9, sep. 2022.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3062>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i9.3062.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. El Ayoubi, A., Benhammou, A., El Ayoubi, F., El Fahssi, A., Nitassi, S., Kohen, A., Nazih, N., Benbouzid, A. and Kzadri, M. (2009) La tuberculose primitive ORL extraganglionnaire. Annales d’oto-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, 126, 208-215
2. Mocanu AI, Mocanu H, Moldovan C, Soare I, Niculet E, Tatu AL, Vasile CI, Diculencu D, Postolache PA, Nechifor A. Some Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology – Case Series and a Short Review of Related Data from South-Eastern Europe. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:2753-2762
https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S367885
3. Tuang GJ, Muhammad A, Zahedi FD. 'Master of many faces: extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the eyes of otolaryngologists'. Postgrad Med J. 2022;98(1158):311-312. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139414
4. Subramani S, Saravanam PK, Rajendran R. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: atypical presentation in otorhinolaryngology. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018:bcr2018224802. Published 2018 Aug 29. doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-224802.
5. Sahtout S, Kharrat S, Jaaari F, Nouira K, Kchouk I, Besbes G et al. La tuberculose laryngée. A propos de 7 cas. J Tun. ORL 2004 ;13:65-7.
6. Kossowski M, Conessa C, Clement P, Roguet E, Verdalle P, Poncet JL. Aspects actuels de la tuberculose laryngée: à propos de 4 cas. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 2002;119:281-6.
7. Kandiloros DC, Nikolopoulos TP, Ferekidis EA, et al. Laryngeal tuberculosis at the end of the 20th century. J Laryngol Otol. 1997;111(7):619-621. doi:10.1017/s0022215100138137
8. Ben Gamra O, M’barek CH, Khammassi K, Ben Hamouda R, Hariga I, Ben Amor M et al. La tuberculose des voies aerodigestives supérieures. Rev Tun Infectiol 2008, 2, 3: 21-25.
9. Luckhaupt H. Zur Geschichte der Kehlkopftuberkulose [The history of tuberculosis of the larynx]. Laryngorhinootologie. 2021;100(9):726-730. doi:10.1055/a-1550-2802
10. Ai Y, Liu H, Xu H, Liu Y, Li L. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021;35(1):38-41.
doi:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.01.009
11. Saroul N, Vellin J-F, Baud O,Nohra O, Kemeny J-L, Gilain L. Tuberculose épilaryngée: considérations épidémiologiques, cliniques et sanitaires. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 2008;125:155-159.
12. Nalini B, Vinayak S. Tuberculosis in ear, nose, and throat practice: its presentation and diagnosis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006;27(1):39-45. doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2005.07.005
13. Bass B, Shah V, Menon A, Tilley A. A 51-Year-Old Man With Hoarseness of Voice. Chest. 2020;157(4):e115-e119. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.003
14. Kim YM, Kim AY, Park YH, Kim DH, Rha KS. Eight cases of nasal tuberculosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;137(3):500-504. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2007.04.009
15. Ahmed S, Mustahsan SM, Jamil B, Ilyas F. Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2022 Apr;32(4):S39-S40. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.Supp1.S39. PMID: 35633007.
16. Hadid, F., Oulghoul, O., Benjelloun, H., Benhommad, O., Raji, A., & Rochdi, Y. (2021). Nasopharngeal Tuberculosis Simulating Cancer: About 2 Cases. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 3(3), 46–48. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.3.852
17. Butt AA. Nasal tuberculosis in the 20th century. Am J Med Sci 1997;313:332-5.
18. Kharoubi S, Vallicioni JM. La tuberculose du cavum: à propos d’une série de 6 cas. Les cahiers d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale et d’audiophonolgie 1997;32:446-451.
19. Srirompotong S, Yimtae K, Srirompotong S. Clinical aspects of tonsillar tuberculosis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002;33(1):147-150.
20. Rakotoarisoa AHN, Ramarozatovo NP, Razafindrakoto RMJ, Andriatsoavinarivomanana J, Tsitohery F, Razafindrabe JAB. Tuberculose amygdalienne et ganglionnaire cervicale: à propos d’un cas. Revue Tropicale de Chirurgie 2010;4:6-7.
21. Gulati A, Kaushik R, Sharma J. Primary tuberculosis of the tonsil masquerading as carcinoma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2006;49:312-3.
22. Elqatni M, Sekkach Y, Hammi S, Elomri N, Fatihi J, Mekouar F et Al. Un abcès rétropharyngé. La Revue de Médecine Interne 2011;32(5):319-320.
23. Büyükbebeci O, Karakurum G, Daglar B, Maralcan G, Güner S, Güleç A. Tuberculous spondylitis: abscess drainage after failure of anti-tuberculous therapy. Acta Orthop Belg. 2006;72(3):337-341.
24. Benhammou A, Bencheikh R, Benbouzid MA, Boulaich M, Essakali L, Kzadri M. Abcès rétropharyngés révélant un mal de Pott cervical [Cervical Pott's disease revealed by retropharyngeal abscesses]. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 2007;108(6):543-546. doi:10.1016/j.stomax.2007.03.001
25. Vidal M, Delevaux I, André M, Marroun I, Gavet F, Voinchet H, et al. Tuberculose disséminée révélée par une localisation linguale. La Rev Med Interne 2007;28:124-6.
26. Raji A, Mahtar M, Essaadi M, Chekkoury IA, Benchakroun Y. La tuberculose parotidienne. À propos de six cas. Méd Mal Infect 2002 ;32:196-201.
27. Benhamou A, Elayoubi A, Essakali L, Kzadri M. La tuberculose primaire de la glande parotide. Archive de pédiatrie 2007;14:1206-9.
28. Manipoud P, Rerolle S, Kemeny JL, Lafaye M. Tuberculose de la glande sousmaxillaire. Ann.Oto-laryng 1993;110(8)482-484.
29. Kabiri H, Atoini F, Zidane A. La tuberculose thyroïdienne. Ann d’endocrinologie 2007;68:196-8.
30. Bansal LK, Gupta S, Gupta AK, Chaudhary P. Thyroid tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc. 2021 Apr;68(2):272-278. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.006. Epub 2020 Sep 12. PMID: 33845964.
31. Rojo-Abecia M, Valdazo-Gómez AM, Román CF, et al. Primary thyroid tuberculosis: a case report. Tuberculosis tiroidea primaria: reporte de un caso. Cir Cir. 2021;89(S2):1-3. doi:10.24875/CIRU.21000027
32. Majumder A, Sen D. Uncommon affliction of a common disease - primary tuberculosis of thyroid gland. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2020;63(1):83-85. doi:10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_719_18
33. Darre T, Amana B, Pegbessou E, Winga F, Warou D, Napo-Koura G. Tuberculosis of the thyroid in Togo: a clinicopathologic study of 11 presumed cases. Trop Doct. 2018;48(4):313-316. doi:10.1177/0049475518789555
34. Goyal A, Agarwal S, Goswami R, Bal C. Hyperplastic thyroid nodule masquerading as parathyroid adenoma in a patient with tubercular lymphadenitis induced hypercalcaemia. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(11):e237261. Published 2020 Nov 9. doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-237261
35. Doan HTH, Hoang PT, Tran TPC. Tuberculous otitis media in Vietnam: Clinical features and diagnostic difficulties. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2021;138(6):467-469. doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2021.05.009
36. Hand JM, Pankey GA. Tuberculous Otomastoiditis. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(6):10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0020-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0020-2016
37. Touati MM, Darouassi Y, Chihani M, et al. La tuberculose extra-ganglionnaire primitive de la sphère ORL: à propos de 15 cas [ENT primitive extranodal tuberculosis: about 15 cases]. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;19:179. Published 2014 Oct 21. doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.19.179.4597
38. Vaamonde P, Castro C, García-Soto N, Labella T, Lozano A. Tuberculous otitis media: a significant diagnostic challenge. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(6):759-766. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2003.12.021
39. Bakshi SS, Kaipuzha RR. Tuberculous otitis media. Med Clin (Barc). 2019 May 3;152(9):e53. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.06.017. Epub 2018 Aug 27. PMID: 30166127.
40. Nicolau Y, Northrop C, Eavey R. Tuberculous otitis in infants: temporal bone histopathology and clinical extrapolation. Otol Neurotol. 2006;27(5):667-671. doi:10.1097/01.mao.0000224085.08344.50
41. Mongkolrattanothai K, Oram R, Redleaf M, Bova J, Englund JA. Tuberculous otitis media with mastoiditis and central nervous system involvement. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(5):453-456. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000066245.88741.bf Sansare K, Gupta A, Khanna V, Karjodkar F. Oral tuberculosis: unusual radiographic findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40(4):251-256. doi:10.1259/dmfr/75047143
42. Garber HT, Harrigan W. Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible with pathologic fracture. J Oral Surg. 1978;36(2):144-146.
43. Towdur GN, Upasi AP, Veerabhadrappa UK, Rai K. A Rare, Unusual Presentation of Primary Tuberculosis in the Temporomandibular Joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;76(4):806-811. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2017.09.010
44. Sethi A, Sareen D, Sabherwal A, Malhotra V. Primary parotid tuberculosis: varied clinical presentations. Oral Dis. 2006;12(2):213-215. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01182.x
45. Bouayed S, Kos MI, Guyot JP. La tuberculose de l’oreille : à propos de deux cas. Rev Med Suisse Romande 2005;1:2396, 2399-400, 2402-3.
46. El Malki HO, El Absi M, Mohsine R, Aït Taleb K, Chefchaouni MC, Oulbacha S, et al. La tuberculose de la thyroïde, Diagnostic et traitement. Ann Chir 2002;127:385-7.
2. Mocanu AI, Mocanu H, Moldovan C, Soare I, Niculet E, Tatu AL, Vasile CI, Diculencu D, Postolache PA, Nechifor A. Some Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology – Case Series and a Short Review of Related Data from South-Eastern Europe. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:2753-2762
https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S367885
3. Tuang GJ, Muhammad A, Zahedi FD. 'Master of many faces: extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the eyes of otolaryngologists'. Postgrad Med J. 2022;98(1158):311-312. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139414
4. Subramani S, Saravanam PK, Rajendran R. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: atypical presentation in otorhinolaryngology. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018:bcr2018224802. Published 2018 Aug 29. doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-224802.
5. Sahtout S, Kharrat S, Jaaari F, Nouira K, Kchouk I, Besbes G et al. La tuberculose laryngée. A propos de 7 cas. J Tun. ORL 2004 ;13:65-7.
6. Kossowski M, Conessa C, Clement P, Roguet E, Verdalle P, Poncet JL. Aspects actuels de la tuberculose laryngée: à propos de 4 cas. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 2002;119:281-6.
7. Kandiloros DC, Nikolopoulos TP, Ferekidis EA, et al. Laryngeal tuberculosis at the end of the 20th century. J Laryngol Otol. 1997;111(7):619-621. doi:10.1017/s0022215100138137
8. Ben Gamra O, M’barek CH, Khammassi K, Ben Hamouda R, Hariga I, Ben Amor M et al. La tuberculose des voies aerodigestives supérieures. Rev Tun Infectiol 2008, 2, 3: 21-25.
9. Luckhaupt H. Zur Geschichte der Kehlkopftuberkulose [The history of tuberculosis of the larynx]. Laryngorhinootologie. 2021;100(9):726-730. doi:10.1055/a-1550-2802
10. Ai Y, Liu H, Xu H, Liu Y, Li L. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021;35(1):38-41.
doi:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.01.009
11. Saroul N, Vellin J-F, Baud O,Nohra O, Kemeny J-L, Gilain L. Tuberculose épilaryngée: considérations épidémiologiques, cliniques et sanitaires. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 2008;125:155-159.
12. Nalini B, Vinayak S. Tuberculosis in ear, nose, and throat practice: its presentation and diagnosis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2006;27(1):39-45. doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2005.07.005
13. Bass B, Shah V, Menon A, Tilley A. A 51-Year-Old Man With Hoarseness of Voice. Chest. 2020;157(4):e115-e119. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.003
14. Kim YM, Kim AY, Park YH, Kim DH, Rha KS. Eight cases of nasal tuberculosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;137(3):500-504. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2007.04.009
15. Ahmed S, Mustahsan SM, Jamil B, Ilyas F. Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2022 Apr;32(4):S39-S40. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.Supp1.S39. PMID: 35633007.
16. Hadid, F., Oulghoul, O., Benjelloun, H., Benhommad, O., Raji, A., & Rochdi, Y. (2021). Nasopharngeal Tuberculosis Simulating Cancer: About 2 Cases. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 3(3), 46–48. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.3.852
17. Butt AA. Nasal tuberculosis in the 20th century. Am J Med Sci 1997;313:332-5.
18. Kharoubi S, Vallicioni JM. La tuberculose du cavum: à propos d’une série de 6 cas. Les cahiers d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale et d’audiophonolgie 1997;32:446-451.
19. Srirompotong S, Yimtae K, Srirompotong S. Clinical aspects of tonsillar tuberculosis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002;33(1):147-150.
20. Rakotoarisoa AHN, Ramarozatovo NP, Razafindrakoto RMJ, Andriatsoavinarivomanana J, Tsitohery F, Razafindrabe JAB. Tuberculose amygdalienne et ganglionnaire cervicale: à propos d’un cas. Revue Tropicale de Chirurgie 2010;4:6-7.
21. Gulati A, Kaushik R, Sharma J. Primary tuberculosis of the tonsil masquerading as carcinoma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2006;49:312-3.
22. Elqatni M, Sekkach Y, Hammi S, Elomri N, Fatihi J, Mekouar F et Al. Un abcès rétropharyngé. La Revue de Médecine Interne 2011;32(5):319-320.
23. Büyükbebeci O, Karakurum G, Daglar B, Maralcan G, Güner S, Güleç A. Tuberculous spondylitis: abscess drainage after failure of anti-tuberculous therapy. Acta Orthop Belg. 2006;72(3):337-341.
24. Benhammou A, Bencheikh R, Benbouzid MA, Boulaich M, Essakali L, Kzadri M. Abcès rétropharyngés révélant un mal de Pott cervical [Cervical Pott's disease revealed by retropharyngeal abscesses]. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 2007;108(6):543-546. doi:10.1016/j.stomax.2007.03.001
25. Vidal M, Delevaux I, André M, Marroun I, Gavet F, Voinchet H, et al. Tuberculose disséminée révélée par une localisation linguale. La Rev Med Interne 2007;28:124-6.
26. Raji A, Mahtar M, Essaadi M, Chekkoury IA, Benchakroun Y. La tuberculose parotidienne. À propos de six cas. Méd Mal Infect 2002 ;32:196-201.
27. Benhamou A, Elayoubi A, Essakali L, Kzadri M. La tuberculose primaire de la glande parotide. Archive de pédiatrie 2007;14:1206-9.
28. Manipoud P, Rerolle S, Kemeny JL, Lafaye M. Tuberculose de la glande sousmaxillaire. Ann.Oto-laryng 1993;110(8)482-484.
29. Kabiri H, Atoini F, Zidane A. La tuberculose thyroïdienne. Ann d’endocrinologie 2007;68:196-8.
30. Bansal LK, Gupta S, Gupta AK, Chaudhary P. Thyroid tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc. 2021 Apr;68(2):272-278. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.006. Epub 2020 Sep 12. PMID: 33845964.
31. Rojo-Abecia M, Valdazo-Gómez AM, Román CF, et al. Primary thyroid tuberculosis: a case report. Tuberculosis tiroidea primaria: reporte de un caso. Cir Cir. 2021;89(S2):1-3. doi:10.24875/CIRU.21000027
32. Majumder A, Sen D. Uncommon affliction of a common disease - primary tuberculosis of thyroid gland. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2020;63(1):83-85. doi:10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_719_18
33. Darre T, Amana B, Pegbessou E, Winga F, Warou D, Napo-Koura G. Tuberculosis of the thyroid in Togo: a clinicopathologic study of 11 presumed cases. Trop Doct. 2018;48(4):313-316. doi:10.1177/0049475518789555
34. Goyal A, Agarwal S, Goswami R, Bal C. Hyperplastic thyroid nodule masquerading as parathyroid adenoma in a patient with tubercular lymphadenitis induced hypercalcaemia. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(11):e237261. Published 2020 Nov 9. doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-237261
35. Doan HTH, Hoang PT, Tran TPC. Tuberculous otitis media in Vietnam: Clinical features and diagnostic difficulties. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2021;138(6):467-469. doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2021.05.009
36. Hand JM, Pankey GA. Tuberculous Otomastoiditis. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(6):10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0020-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0020-2016
37. Touati MM, Darouassi Y, Chihani M, et al. La tuberculose extra-ganglionnaire primitive de la sphère ORL: à propos de 15 cas [ENT primitive extranodal tuberculosis: about 15 cases]. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;19:179. Published 2014 Oct 21. doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.19.179.4597
38. Vaamonde P, Castro C, García-Soto N, Labella T, Lozano A. Tuberculous otitis media: a significant diagnostic challenge. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(6):759-766. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2003.12.021
39. Bakshi SS, Kaipuzha RR. Tuberculous otitis media. Med Clin (Barc). 2019 May 3;152(9):e53. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.06.017. Epub 2018 Aug 27. PMID: 30166127.
40. Nicolau Y, Northrop C, Eavey R. Tuberculous otitis in infants: temporal bone histopathology and clinical extrapolation. Otol Neurotol. 2006;27(5):667-671. doi:10.1097/01.mao.0000224085.08344.50
41. Mongkolrattanothai K, Oram R, Redleaf M, Bova J, Englund JA. Tuberculous otitis media with mastoiditis and central nervous system involvement. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(5):453-456. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000066245.88741.bf Sansare K, Gupta A, Khanna V, Karjodkar F. Oral tuberculosis: unusual radiographic findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40(4):251-256. doi:10.1259/dmfr/75047143
42. Garber HT, Harrigan W. Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible with pathologic fracture. J Oral Surg. 1978;36(2):144-146.
43. Towdur GN, Upasi AP, Veerabhadrappa UK, Rai K. A Rare, Unusual Presentation of Primary Tuberculosis in the Temporomandibular Joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;76(4):806-811. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2017.09.010
44. Sethi A, Sareen D, Sabherwal A, Malhotra V. Primary parotid tuberculosis: varied clinical presentations. Oral Dis. 2006;12(2):213-215. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01182.x
45. Bouayed S, Kos MI, Guyot JP. La tuberculose de l’oreille : à propos de deux cas. Rev Med Suisse Romande 2005;1:2396, 2399-400, 2402-3.
46. El Malki HO, El Absi M, Mohsine R, Aït Taleb K, Chefchaouni MC, Oulbacha S, et al. La tuberculose de la thyroïde, Diagnostic et traitement. Ann Chir 2002;127:385-7.