Abstract
Introduction. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a serious problem as in Ukraine as throughout the world. The number of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is increasing year by year, which is due to the difficulties in early detection of this disease.
The aim. To determine the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by using video-assisted thoracoscopic interventions.
Methods. In the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the State University "National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology named after F. G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine" from 2008 to 2022 140 video assisted lung resections were performed in a planned manner for phthisis-surgical patients. The distribution according to the type of resection intervention was as follows: atypical segmental resection - in 30 (21.4 %) cases, typical segmentectomy – in 50 (35.7 %), lobectomy - in 52 (37.2 %), bilobectomy – in 3 (2.1 %), pulmonectomy – in 5 (3.6 %).
The results. The average duration of operative VATS resection interventions was (75.1 ± 22.3) min., intraoperative blood loss was (85.4 ± 1.6) ml, duration of narcotic analgesics prescription in patients with video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resections was (2.20 ± 0.04) days. Early mobilization of patients recorded in 112 (80.0 ± 3.4) cases. The average length of stay of the patient in the intensive care unit after video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection was (2.6 ± 0.8) days, length of stay of the patient in the hospital in the postoperative period was (12.4 ± 0.5) days. Intraoperative complications were diagnosed in 7 (5.0 ± 1.8) % of patients. The rate of postoperative complications was 22 (15.7 ± 3.1) % of observation. There was no postoperative mortality after minimally invasive surgical interventions. The overall efficiency of performing video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resections was 97.1 %.
Conclusion. The use of video-assisted thoracoscopic is a convenient, effective and low-traumatic method in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The overall effectiveness of video-assisted thoracoscopic methods for pulmonary tuberculosis was 97.1 %. An adequate assessment of the possibility of performing video-assisted thoracoscopic and the use of methods to prevent complications ensures a predictable course of the intra- and postoperative periods and increases the effectiveness of surgical interventions.