Abstract
Onco-hematological diseases are serious conditions and often require aggressive treatment that can lead to systemic complications, consequently affecting musculoskeletal functions as well as physical and functional capacity. Respiratory complications can lead to a greater frequency of hospitalizations and immobility, creating a cycle of sedentarism as well as an increase in morbidity and mortality. The goal of physical therapy in such cases is to restore compromised functions in affected children and adolescents and ensure the performance of activities of daily living and better development.The aim of this review was to bring to light the dysfunctions promoted by onco-hematological diseases of childhood in order to understand the best way to approach the treatment for this population.In this review, the functional alterations of sickle cell anemia, leukemia and bone marrow transplantation were addressed, as well as the interventions used by physiotherapy for the treatment.