Nurse-led HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in the United States: Landscape, Opportunities and Challenges
Main Article Content
Abstract
Preexposure prophylaxis is a powerful biomedical intervention for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus. However, its implementation has been slow and uneven in the United States. Research into innovative agents, formulations and implementation, for preexposure prophylaxis, is ongoing, and a number of new and improved methods of delivery have been developed. However, the delivery of preexposure prophylaxis primarily by nurses, has not received much attention. We overview the global evidence and programs for nurse-led preexposure prophylaxis, and propose this as a feasible and promising implementation strategy for the United States.
Keywords:
HIV, PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis, EHE, ending HIV epidemic, nurse-led
Article Details
How to Cite
ABBAS, Ume L. et al.
Nurse-led HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in the United States: Landscape, Opportunities and Challenges.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 11, nov. 2022.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3188>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i11.3188.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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26. Chan PA, Glynn TR, Oldenburg CE, et al. Implementation of Preexposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men at a New England Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic. Sex Transm Dis. Nov 2016;43(11):717-723. doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000514
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28. Liu AY, Cohen SE, Vittinghoff E, et al. Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection Integrated With Municipal- and Community-Based Sexual Health Services. JAMA Intern Med. Jan 2016;176(1):75-84. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4683
29. Ramchandani MS, Berzkalns A, Cannon CA, et al. A Demedicalized Model to Provide PrEP in a Sexual Health Clinic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Aug 15 2022;90(5):530-537. doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000003005
30. American Medical Association. https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/scope-practice/ama-successfully-fights-scope-practice-expansions-threaten.
31. Auerbach DI, Chen PG, Friedberg MW, et al. Nurse-managed health centers and patient-centered medical homes could mitigate expected primary care physician shortage. Health Aff (Millwood). Nov 2013;32(11):1933-41. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0596
32. Centers for Disease Control. https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/pubs/docs/SLFS_NSOP_508.pdf.
33. Salvant Valentine S, Carnes N, Caldwell J, Gelaude D, Taylor R. Mapping Nurse Practitioners' Scope of Practice Laws: A Resource for Evaluating Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Prescriptions. Health Equity. 2022;6(1):27-31. doi:10.1089/heq.2021.0113
34. Carnes N, Zhang J, Gelaude D, Huang YA, Mizuno Y, Hoover KW. Restricting Access: A Secondary Analysis of Scope of Practice Laws and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing in the United States, 2017. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. Jan-Feb 01 2022;33(1):89-97. doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000275
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37. Person AK, Armstrong WS, Evans T, et al. Principles for Ending HIV as an Epidemic in the United States: A Policy Paper of IDSA and HIVMA. Clin Infect Dis. Aug 15 2022;doi:10.1093/cid/ciac626
2. Abbas UL. Uptake of biomedical interventions for prevention of sexually transmitted HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. Mar 2011;6(2):114-8. doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328343ad7e
3. Chou R, Evans C, Hoverman A, et al. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2019;321(22):2214-2230. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2591
4. Fonner VA, Dalglish SL, Kennedy CE, et al. Effectiveness and safety of oral HIV preexposure prophylaxis for all populations. AIDS. Jul 31 2016;30(12):1973-83. doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000001145
5. PrEPWatch. https://www.prepwatch.org/.
6. AHEAD. https://ahead.hiv.gov/data/prep-coverage.
7. Eisinger RW, Dieffenbach CW, Fauci AS. Role of Implementation Science: Linking Fundamental Discovery Science and Innovation Science to Ending the HIV Epidemic at the Community Level. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019;82:S171-S172. doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000002227
8. Mayer KH, Chan PA, R RP, Flash CA, Krakower DS. Evolving Models and Ongoing Challenges for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Implementation in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Feb 1 2018;77(2):119-127. doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001579
9. Sullivan PS, Mena L, Elopre L, Siegler AJ. Implementation Strategies to Increase PrEP Uptake in the South. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. Aug 2019;16(4):259-269. doi:10.1007/s11904-019-00447-4
10. Zablotska IB, Baeten JM, Phanuphak N, McCormack S, Ong J. Getting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to the people: opportunities, challenges and examples of successful health service models of PrEP implementation. Sex Health. Nov 2018;15(6):481-484. doi:10.1071/sh18182
11. Vanhamel J, Rotsaert A, Reyniers T, et al. The current landscape of pre-exposure prophylaxis service delivery models for HIV prevention: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. Jul 31 2020;20(1):704. doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05568-w
12. Task shifting : rational redistribution of tasks among health workforce teams : global recommendations and guidelines.https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43821.
13. Schmidt HA, McIver R, Houghton R, et al. Nurse-led pre-exposure prophylaxis: a non-traditional model to provide HIV prevention in a resource-constrained, pragmatic clinical trial. Sex Health. Nov 2018;15(6):595-597. doi:10.1071/sh18076
14. O'Byrne P, Vandyk A, Orser L, Haines M. Nurse-led PrEP-RN clinic: a prospective cohort study exploring task-Shifting HIV prevention to public health nurses. BMJ Open. 2021;11(1):e040817. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040817
15. Selfridge M, Card KG, Lundgren K, et al. Exploring nurse-led HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in a community health care clinic. Public Health Nurs. Nov 2020;37(6):871-879. doi:10.1111/phn.12813
16. Clifford-Rashotte M, Fawcett N, Fowler B, Reinhart J, Tan DHS. Assessing the Potential for Nurse-Led HIV Pre- and Postexposure Prophylaxis in Ontario. Can J Nurs Res. Jun 2021;53(2):145-154. doi:10.1177/0844562120924269
17. Charest M, Sharma M, Chris A, et al. Decentralizing PrEP delivery: Implementation and dissemination strategies to increase PrEP uptake among MSM in Toronto, Canada. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248626. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248626
18. Roche SD, Odoyo J, Irungu E, et al. A one-stop shop model for improved efficiency of pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery in public clinics in western Kenya: a mixed methods implementation science study. J Int AIDS Soc. Dec 2021;24(12):e25845. doi:10.1002/jia2.25845
19. Irungu EM, Mugwanya KK, Mugo NR, et al. Integration of pre-exposure prophylaxis services into public HIV care clinics in Kenya: a pragmatic stepped-wedge randomised trial. Lancet Glob Health. Dec 2021;9(12):e1730-e1739. doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00391-0
20. Girometti N, McCormack S, Devitt E, et al. Evolution of a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) service in a community-located sexual health clinic: concise report of the PrEPxpress. Sex Health. Nov 2018;15(6):598-600. doi:10.1071/sh18055
21. O’Byrne P, Orser L, Jacob JD. The Costs of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Delivery: Comparing Specialists, Primary Care, and PrEP-RN. Sex Res Soc Policy. 2020/06/01 2020;17(2):326-333. doi:10.1007/s13178-019-00391-3
22. Smith DK, Van Handel M, Grey J. Estimates of adults with indications for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis by jurisdiction, transmission risk group, and race/ethnicity, United States, 2015. Ann Epidemiol. Dec 2018;28(12):850-857.e9. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.05.003
23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: US Public Health Service: Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States—2021 Update: a clinical practice guideline. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk/prep/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2021.pdf. Published December 2021.
24. Marx GE, Bhatia R, Rietmeijer CA. An Opportunity Too Good to Miss: Implementing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis in Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinics. Sex Transm Dis. Apr 2016;43(4):266-7. doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000439
25. Vanhamel J, Rotsaert A, Reyniers T, et al. The current landscape of pre-exposure prophylaxis service delivery models for HIV prevention: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research. 2020/07/31 2020;20(1):704. doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05568-w
26. Chan PA, Glynn TR, Oldenburg CE, et al. Implementation of Preexposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men at a New England Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic. Sex Transm Dis. Nov 2016;43(11):717-723. doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000000514
27. Kamis KF, Marx GE, Scott KA, et al. Same-Day HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Initiation During Drop-in Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic Appointments Is a Highly Acceptable, Feasible, and Safe Model that Engages Individuals at Risk for HIV into PrEP Care. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2019;6(7)doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz310
28. Liu AY, Cohen SE, Vittinghoff E, et al. Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection Integrated With Municipal- and Community-Based Sexual Health Services. JAMA Intern Med. Jan 2016;176(1):75-84. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4683
29. Ramchandani MS, Berzkalns A, Cannon CA, et al. A Demedicalized Model to Provide PrEP in a Sexual Health Clinic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Aug 15 2022;90(5):530-537. doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000003005
30. American Medical Association. https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/scope-practice/ama-successfully-fights-scope-practice-expansions-threaten.
31. Auerbach DI, Chen PG, Friedberg MW, et al. Nurse-managed health centers and patient-centered medical homes could mitigate expected primary care physician shortage. Health Aff (Millwood). Nov 2013;32(11):1933-41. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0596
32. Centers for Disease Control. https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/pubs/docs/SLFS_NSOP_508.pdf.
33. Salvant Valentine S, Carnes N, Caldwell J, Gelaude D, Taylor R. Mapping Nurse Practitioners' Scope of Practice Laws: A Resource for Evaluating Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Prescriptions. Health Equity. 2022;6(1):27-31. doi:10.1089/heq.2021.0113
34. Carnes N, Zhang J, Gelaude D, Huang YA, Mizuno Y, Hoover KW. Restricting Access: A Secondary Analysis of Scope of Practice Laws and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing in the United States, 2017. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. Jan-Feb 01 2022;33(1):89-97. doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000275
35. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/state/state-practice-environment.
36. American Association of Colleages of Nursing. Nursing shortage. https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/News/Factsheets/Nursing-Shortage-Factsheet.pdf.
37. Person AK, Armstrong WS, Evans T, et al. Principles for Ending HIV as an Epidemic in the United States: A Policy Paper of IDSA and HIVMA. Clin Infect Dis. Aug 15 2022;doi:10.1093/cid/ciac626