Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults
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Abstract
- pylori is perhaps the most prevalent human pathogen worldwide and infects almost half of the world's population. Despite the decreasing prevalence of infection overall, it is significant in developing countries. Most infections are acquired in childhood and persist for a lifetime unless treated. Children are often asymptomatic and often develop a tolerogenic immune response that includes T regulatory cells and their products, immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This contrasts to the gastric immune response seen in H. pylori-infected adults, where the response is mainly inflammatory, with predominant Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17. Therefore, compared to adults, infected children generally have limited gastric inflammation and peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori surreptitiously subverts immune defenses to persist in the human gastric mucosa for decades. The chronic infection might result in clinically significant diseases in adults, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This review compares the infection in children and adults and highlights the H. pylori virulence mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis and immune evasion.
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How to Cite
REYES, Victor E..
Helicobacter pylori Immune Response in Children Versus Adults.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 12, dec. 2022.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3370>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i12.3370.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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