Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Related to Tuberculosis and Concomitant Infection with Plasmodium Ovale Wallikeri: A Summary
Main Article Content
Abstract
In 2012, a retrospective case report of 60 cases of extreme osteonecrosis in the maxillofacial region collected over a 3-year period, was published. The cases presented in 2 groups. One group showed grey-like necrotic bone, and the other group which was much more plentiful, had swelling and pus draining fistulae associated with the osteonecrosis.
A further prospective study of 19 patients collected over a 3-month period was analysed and indicated tuberculosis to be the cause. All 19 cases presented with mandibular lesions. Orofacial tuberculosis is known to be rare.
Further studies of the clinical samples with amplified DNA and sequencing, provided direct evidence to support the conclusion that a combination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and oral bacteria are involved in this particular type of maxillofacial destruction.
Further studies are planned to elucidate the cause of the “greyish” necrotic bone documented in the paper from 2012.
Keywords:
Osteonecrosis, Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Related to Tuberculosis, Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Related to Tuberculosis and Concomitant Infection, Tuberculosis, Concomitant Infection, Tuberculosis and Concomitant Infection with Plasmodium Ovale Wallikeri, Plasmodium Ovale Wallikeri
Article Details
How to Cite
SKALLEVOLD, Hans Erling; GODTFREDSEN, Shelley Meena Khullar.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Related to Tuberculosis and Concomitant Infection with Plasmodium Ovale Wallikeri: A Summary.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 12, dec. 2022.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3372>. Date accessed: 27 july 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i12.3372.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. Khullar, S. M., Tvedt, D., Chapman, K., & Herlofson, B. B. (2012). Sixty cases of extreme osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis of the mandible and maxilla in a West African population. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 41(8), 978-985.
2. Yang, X., Ye, A. Y., Katebi, N., Volloch, V., Khullar, S. M., Patel, V., & Olsen, B. R. (2020). Mycobacterial and Plasmodium ovale‐associated destruction of the jaw bones. Oral Diseases, 28(2), 452-468.
3. Marx RE, Ssawatari Y, Fortin M, Broumand V. Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63:1567–75. 39.
4. Migliorati CA. Bisphosphonates and oral cavity avascular bone necrosis. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4253–4.
5. Hughes JPW, Baron R, Buckland DH, Cooke MA, Craig JD, Duffield DP, et al. Phosphorus necrosis of the jaw: a present-day study. Br J Ind Med 1962;19: 83–99.
6. Martland HS. Occupational poisoning in the manufacture of luminous watch dials. JAMA 1929:466–573. 552–59.
7. Vance MA. Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws and biphosphonates: a comparison with white phosphorous, radium and osteoporosis. Clin Toxicol 2007;45:753–62.
8. Hunter D. The diseases of occupations. 6th edn. Hodder and Stoughton; 1978. p. 369– 380, ISBN 0.340.22054.
9. Aliyu ZY, Kato GJ, Taylor 6th J, Babadoko A, Mamman AI, Gordeuk VR, et al. Sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension in Africa: a global perspective and review of epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. Am J Hematol 2008;83 (1):63–70.
10. Jones Jr JP. Coagulopathies and osteonecrosis. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 1999;65(1): 5–8. 7.
11. Starklint H, Lausten GS, Arnold ICC. Microvascular obstruction in avascular necrosis. Immunohistochemistry of 14 femoral heads. Acta Orthop Scand 1995; 66:9–12. 8.
12. Eholie SP, Ouiminga M, Ehui E, Nzunetu G, Ouattara SI, Konan AV, et al. Avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in three West African HIV infected adults with heterozygous sicke cell disease. Antiviral Therapy 2009;14:1011–4. 9.
13. Baykul T, Aydin MA, Nasir S. Avascular necrosis of the mandibular condyle causing fibrous ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in sickle cell anaemia. J Craniofac Surg 2004;15(6):1052–1056
14. Homolka S, Post E, Oberhauser B, Garawani-George A, Westman L, Dafae F, et al. High genetic diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains from Sierra Leone. BMC Microbiol 2008;8:103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-103.
15. Golden MP, Vikram HR. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview. Am Fam Physician 2005;72:1761–8.
16. Fukada J, Shingo Y, Miyako H. Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73:278–80.
17. Dinkar AD, Prabhudessai V. Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible: a case report. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008;37(7): 415–20.
18. Patel M, Scott N, Newlands C. Case of tuberculosis of the temporomandibular joint. B J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;50:e1–3.
19. Mignogna MD, Muzio LLO, Fvia G, et al. Oral tuberculosis: A clinical evaluation of 42 cases. Oral Dis 6:25, 2000
20. Andrade NN, Mhatre TS. Orofacial tuberculosis – a 16 year experience with 46 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 0:e12–22.
21. Patel M, Scott N, Newlands C. Case of tuberculosis of the temporomandibular joint. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 50:e1–3.
22. Hebling CA, Lieger O, Smolka W, Iizuka T, Kuttenberger J. Primary tuberculosis of the TMJ: presentation of a case and literature review. Int J Maxillofac Surg 2010;39: 834–8
23. Ranganathan, L. K., Mathew, G. C., Gandhi, S., & Manohar, M. (2012). Tuberculosis of temporomandibular joint presenting as swelling in the preauricular region. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 70, e28–e31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2011.08.040
24. Khullar, S. M., Katebi, N., Herlofson, B. B., Tvedt, D., & Olsen, B. R. (2016). Evidence to support the hypothesis of tuberculosis as a cause of extreme osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis of the mandible in a West African population. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 45(12), 1600-1606.
25. Raveendran, R., & Wattal, C. (2016). Utility of multiplex real-time PCR in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20, 235-241.
26. Buchfink, B., Xie, C., & Huson, D. H. (2015). Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND. Nature Methods, 12, 59–60.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3176
27. Huson, D. H., Beier, S., Flade, I., Górska, A., El-Hadidi, M., Mitra, S., Ruscheweyh, H.-J., & Tappu, R. (2016). MEGAN community edition - interactive exploration and analysis of large-scale microbiome sequencing data. PLOS Computational Biology, 12(6), e1004957–
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004957.
28. Baluku, J. B., Nassozi, S., Gyagenda, B., Namanda, M., Andia-Biraro, I., Worodria, W., & Byakika-Kibwika, P. (2019). Prevalence of malaria and TB coinfection at a national tuberculosis treatment centre in Uganda. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2019, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3741294
29. Devarbhavi H, Alvares JF, Kumar KS. Severe falciparum malaria simulating fulminant hepatic failure. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 Mar;80(3):355-8.
30. Facer CA, Rouse D. Spontaneous splenic rupture due to Plasmodium ovale malaria. Lancet. 1991 Oct 05;338(8771):896.
31. Brejt, J. A., & Golightly, L. M. (2019). Severe malaria: update on pathophysiology and treatment. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 32(5), 413-418.
32. Oguike, M. C., Betson, M., Burke, M., Nolder, D., Stothard, J. R., Kleinschmidt, I., Proletti, C., Bousema, T., Ndounga, M., Tanabe, K., Ntege, E., Culleton, R., & Sutherland, C. J. (2011). Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri circulate simultaneously in African communities. International Journal for Parasitology, 41, 677– 683.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.01.004
33. Hawkes, M., Li, X., Crockett, M., Diassiti, A., Liles, W. C., Liu, J., & Kain, K. C. (2010). Malaria exacerbates experimental mycobacterial infection in vitro and in vivo. Microbes and Infection, 12, 864–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2010.05.013
34. Saralamba, N., Nosten, F., Sutherland, C. J., Ares, A. P., Snounou, G., White, N. J., Day, N. P. J., Dondorp, A. M., & Imwong, M. (2019). Genetic dissociation of three antigenic genes in Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri. PLoS One, 14, eo217795.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217795
35. Anatomy: A regional atlas of the human body, Third Edition. By Carmine D. Clemente Baltimore, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1987.
36. Castelli, W. (1963). Vascular architecture of the human adult mandible. Journal of Dental Research, 42, 786.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00220 345630420030701
37. Lanigan, D. T., & West, R. A. (1990). Aseptic necrosis of the mandible: Report of two cases. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 48, 296–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(90)90397-k
38. Lownie, J., Cleaton-Jones, P. E., Austin, J. C., Vieira, E. G., & Reitzik, M. (1980). Avascular necrosis of mandibular ramus in the baboon (Papio ursinus) following orthognathic surgery. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 9, 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/ So3oo-9785(80)80020-2
39. Proctor, R. A., von Eiff, C., Khal, B. C., Becker, K., McNamara, P., Herrmann, M., & Peters, G. (2006). Small colony variants: A pathogenic form of bacteria that facilitates persistent and recurrent infections. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 4, 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmic ro1384
40. Yang, D., Wijenayaka, A. R., Solomon, L. B., Pederson, S. M., Findlay, D. M., Kidd, S. P., & Atkins, G. J. (2018). Novel insights into Staphylococcus aureus deep bone infections. The involvement of osteocytes. Mbio, 9, e00415–e00418.
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00415-18
41. Brandt, S. L., Putnam, N. E., Cassat, J. E., & Serezani, C. H. (2018). Innate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Evolving paradigms in soft tissue and invasive infections. Journal of Immunology, 200, 3871–3880. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1701574
42. Krauss, J. L., Roper, P. M., Ballard, A., Shih, C.-C., Fitzpatrick, J. A. J., Cassat, J. E., Ng, P. Y., Pavlos, N. J., & Veis, D. J. (2019). Staphylococcus aureus infects osteoclasts and replicates intracellularly. Mbio, 10, e02447–e02519.
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02447-19
43. Gunasekera, T. M. R., Karunathilake, D., Wickramasinghe, E., & Jayaweeran, K. (2008). A rare presentation of tuberculous osteomyelitis in childhood. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 37, 61–62. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v37i2.100
44. Tuli, S. M. (2002). General principles of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Clinical Orthopedic Related Research, 398, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200205000-00003
2. Yang, X., Ye, A. Y., Katebi, N., Volloch, V., Khullar, S. M., Patel, V., & Olsen, B. R. (2020). Mycobacterial and Plasmodium ovale‐associated destruction of the jaw bones. Oral Diseases, 28(2), 452-468.
3. Marx RE, Ssawatari Y, Fortin M, Broumand V. Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63:1567–75. 39.
4. Migliorati CA. Bisphosphonates and oral cavity avascular bone necrosis. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4253–4.
5. Hughes JPW, Baron R, Buckland DH, Cooke MA, Craig JD, Duffield DP, et al. Phosphorus necrosis of the jaw: a present-day study. Br J Ind Med 1962;19: 83–99.
6. Martland HS. Occupational poisoning in the manufacture of luminous watch dials. JAMA 1929:466–573. 552–59.
7. Vance MA. Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws and biphosphonates: a comparison with white phosphorous, radium and osteoporosis. Clin Toxicol 2007;45:753–62.
8. Hunter D. The diseases of occupations. 6th edn. Hodder and Stoughton; 1978. p. 369– 380, ISBN 0.340.22054.
9. Aliyu ZY, Kato GJ, Taylor 6th J, Babadoko A, Mamman AI, Gordeuk VR, et al. Sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension in Africa: a global perspective and review of epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. Am J Hematol 2008;83 (1):63–70.
10. Jones Jr JP. Coagulopathies and osteonecrosis. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 1999;65(1): 5–8. 7.
11. Starklint H, Lausten GS, Arnold ICC. Microvascular obstruction in avascular necrosis. Immunohistochemistry of 14 femoral heads. Acta Orthop Scand 1995; 66:9–12. 8.
12. Eholie SP, Ouiminga M, Ehui E, Nzunetu G, Ouattara SI, Konan AV, et al. Avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in three West African HIV infected adults with heterozygous sicke cell disease. Antiviral Therapy 2009;14:1011–4. 9.
13. Baykul T, Aydin MA, Nasir S. Avascular necrosis of the mandibular condyle causing fibrous ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in sickle cell anaemia. J Craniofac Surg 2004;15(6):1052–1056
14. Homolka S, Post E, Oberhauser B, Garawani-George A, Westman L, Dafae F, et al. High genetic diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains from Sierra Leone. BMC Microbiol 2008;8:103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-103.
15. Golden MP, Vikram HR. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview. Am Fam Physician 2005;72:1761–8.
16. Fukada J, Shingo Y, Miyako H. Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73:278–80.
17. Dinkar AD, Prabhudessai V. Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible: a case report. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008;37(7): 415–20.
18. Patel M, Scott N, Newlands C. Case of tuberculosis of the temporomandibular joint. B J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;50:e1–3.
19. Mignogna MD, Muzio LLO, Fvia G, et al. Oral tuberculosis: A clinical evaluation of 42 cases. Oral Dis 6:25, 2000
20. Andrade NN, Mhatre TS. Orofacial tuberculosis – a 16 year experience with 46 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 0:e12–22.
21. Patel M, Scott N, Newlands C. Case of tuberculosis of the temporomandibular joint. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 50:e1–3.
22. Hebling CA, Lieger O, Smolka W, Iizuka T, Kuttenberger J. Primary tuberculosis of the TMJ: presentation of a case and literature review. Int J Maxillofac Surg 2010;39: 834–8
23. Ranganathan, L. K., Mathew, G. C., Gandhi, S., & Manohar, M. (2012). Tuberculosis of temporomandibular joint presenting as swelling in the preauricular region. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 70, e28–e31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2011.08.040
24. Khullar, S. M., Katebi, N., Herlofson, B. B., Tvedt, D., & Olsen, B. R. (2016). Evidence to support the hypothesis of tuberculosis as a cause of extreme osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis of the mandible in a West African population. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 45(12), 1600-1606.
25. Raveendran, R., & Wattal, C. (2016). Utility of multiplex real-time PCR in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20, 235-241.
26. Buchfink, B., Xie, C., & Huson, D. H. (2015). Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND. Nature Methods, 12, 59–60.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3176
27. Huson, D. H., Beier, S., Flade, I., Górska, A., El-Hadidi, M., Mitra, S., Ruscheweyh, H.-J., & Tappu, R. (2016). MEGAN community edition - interactive exploration and analysis of large-scale microbiome sequencing data. PLOS Computational Biology, 12(6), e1004957–
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004957.
28. Baluku, J. B., Nassozi, S., Gyagenda, B., Namanda, M., Andia-Biraro, I., Worodria, W., & Byakika-Kibwika, P. (2019). Prevalence of malaria and TB coinfection at a national tuberculosis treatment centre in Uganda. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2019, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3741294
29. Devarbhavi H, Alvares JF, Kumar KS. Severe falciparum malaria simulating fulminant hepatic failure. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 Mar;80(3):355-8.
30. Facer CA, Rouse D. Spontaneous splenic rupture due to Plasmodium ovale malaria. Lancet. 1991 Oct 05;338(8771):896.
31. Brejt, J. A., & Golightly, L. M. (2019). Severe malaria: update on pathophysiology and treatment. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 32(5), 413-418.
32. Oguike, M. C., Betson, M., Burke, M., Nolder, D., Stothard, J. R., Kleinschmidt, I., Proletti, C., Bousema, T., Ndounga, M., Tanabe, K., Ntege, E., Culleton, R., & Sutherland, C. J. (2011). Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri circulate simultaneously in African communities. International Journal for Parasitology, 41, 677– 683.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.01.004
33. Hawkes, M., Li, X., Crockett, M., Diassiti, A., Liles, W. C., Liu, J., & Kain, K. C. (2010). Malaria exacerbates experimental mycobacterial infection in vitro and in vivo. Microbes and Infection, 12, 864–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2010.05.013
34. Saralamba, N., Nosten, F., Sutherland, C. J., Ares, A. P., Snounou, G., White, N. J., Day, N. P. J., Dondorp, A. M., & Imwong, M. (2019). Genetic dissociation of three antigenic genes in Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri. PLoS One, 14, eo217795.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217795
35. Anatomy: A regional atlas of the human body, Third Edition. By Carmine D. Clemente Baltimore, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1987.
36. Castelli, W. (1963). Vascular architecture of the human adult mandible. Journal of Dental Research, 42, 786.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00220 345630420030701
37. Lanigan, D. T., & West, R. A. (1990). Aseptic necrosis of the mandible: Report of two cases. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 48, 296–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(90)90397-k
38. Lownie, J., Cleaton-Jones, P. E., Austin, J. C., Vieira, E. G., & Reitzik, M. (1980). Avascular necrosis of mandibular ramus in the baboon (Papio ursinus) following orthognathic surgery. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 9, 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/ So3oo-9785(80)80020-2
39. Proctor, R. A., von Eiff, C., Khal, B. C., Becker, K., McNamara, P., Herrmann, M., & Peters, G. (2006). Small colony variants: A pathogenic form of bacteria that facilitates persistent and recurrent infections. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 4, 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmic ro1384
40. Yang, D., Wijenayaka, A. R., Solomon, L. B., Pederson, S. M., Findlay, D. M., Kidd, S. P., & Atkins, G. J. (2018). Novel insights into Staphylococcus aureus deep bone infections. The involvement of osteocytes. Mbio, 9, e00415–e00418.
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00415-18
41. Brandt, S. L., Putnam, N. E., Cassat, J. E., & Serezani, C. H. (2018). Innate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Evolving paradigms in soft tissue and invasive infections. Journal of Immunology, 200, 3871–3880. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1701574
42. Krauss, J. L., Roper, P. M., Ballard, A., Shih, C.-C., Fitzpatrick, J. A. J., Cassat, J. E., Ng, P. Y., Pavlos, N. J., & Veis, D. J. (2019). Staphylococcus aureus infects osteoclasts and replicates intracellularly. Mbio, 10, e02447–e02519.
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02447-19
43. Gunasekera, T. M. R., Karunathilake, D., Wickramasinghe, E., & Jayaweeran, K. (2008). A rare presentation of tuberculous osteomyelitis in childhood. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 37, 61–62. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v37i2.100
44. Tuli, S. M. (2002). General principles of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Clinical Orthopedic Related Research, 398, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200205000-00003