The Hookah, an Emerging Form of Smoking, Systemic Effects and Harmful Effects of Its Use
Main Article Content
Ellen Pierre Oliveira, Doctor
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8642-4725
Gabriela Lins Medeiros Assunção, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-7603
Marcos Soares Tavares, Doctor
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-4584
Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho, Doctor
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-8509
Carmen Silvia Valente Barbas, Doctor
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-6256
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8642-4725
Gabriela Lins Medeiros Assunção, MD
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-7603
Marcos Soares Tavares, Doctor
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-4584
Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho, Doctor
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-8509
Carmen Silvia Valente Barbas, Doctor
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-6256
Abstract
Hookah originates from India and in the last years spread around the world. The culture and the mystique behind this device promoted the use among the young population. Despite the thought that is the new safe way to smoke tobacco, recent studies showed that it can be more harmful than the cigarette, becoming a public health problem. Hookah increases airway reactivity and inflammation, causing an inflammation in the respiratory and cardiovascular system. The inhaled smoke contains chemicals agents that are toxic to the lung. As known in the literature the inhaled substance can lead to an acute eosinophilic pneumonia with a pulmonary interstitial infiltrate on radiological image. The degree of pulmonary involvement is varied and may cause a serious condition, requiring hospital admission and intensive care support. The treatment consists of ceasing the hookah use and the use of systemic corticosteroids. One important damage to the health is the infection disease like the tuberculosis transmission, cause by sharing the devise. In the cardiovascular system, the alterations were increasing the cardiac frequency and blood pressure in addition to causing inflammation in the endothelium of the vessel. Long-term studies are needed to correlate the use of this device with the risk of developing cancer.
Article Details
How to Cite
OLIVEIRA, Ellen Pierre et al.
The Hookah, an Emerging Form of Smoking, Systemic Effects and Harmful Effects of Its Use.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 12, dec. 2022.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3393>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i12.3393.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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2. Blachman-Braun R, Del Mazo-Rodriguez RL, Lopez-Samano G, Buendia-Roldan I. Hookah, is it really harmless? Respir Med 2014;108:661-7.
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13. Choe EH, Sutherland L, Hills C, Sood JD. Shisha smoking as a possible cause of bilateral granulomatous lung lesions. Respirol Case Rep 2018;6:e00374.
14. Hadzic S, Gojkov-Vukelic M, Pasic E, Jahic IM, Muharemovic A, Huseinbegovic-Cengic A. The Effects of Smoking "The Hookah" on the Oral Health of Fourth, Fifth and Sixth-year Students of the Faculty of Dentistry in Sarajevo. Mater Sociomed 2020;32:212-7.
15. Priyadarshini Hesarghatta Ramamurthy BAF, Anand S. Tegginamani, Avita Rath, Preena Sidhu2 and Ahmad Termizi Bin Zamzuri. Clinical and cytological findings in oral cavity of young shisha smokers and non-smokers – a comparative study. J Oral Med Oral Surg 2022;Volume 28.
16. Bibars AR, Obeidat SR, Khader Y, Mahasneh AM, Khabour OF. The Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015;13:253-9.
17. Mager S, Struss M, Wollsching-Strobel M, Karagiannidis C. [Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (AEP) after Hookah Smoking]. Pneumologie 2020;74:230-3.
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19. Meo SA, AlShehri KA, AlHarbi BB, et al. Effect of shisha (waterpipe) smoking on lung functions and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) among Saudi young adult shisha smokers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014;11:9638-48.
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21. Raad D, Gaddam S, Schunemann HJ, et al. Effects of water-pipe smoking on lung function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 2011;139:764-74.
22. Toquet S, Cousson J, Choiselle N, et al. Alveolar hemorrhage due to marijuana smoking using water pipe made with plastic bottle: case report and narrative review of the literature. Inhal Toxicol 2021;33:168-76.
23. Tashkin DP. Effects of marijuana smoking on the lung. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013;10:239-47.
24. Sharma G, Goodwin J. Effect of aging on respiratory system physiology and immunology. Clin Interv Aging 2006;1:253-60.
25. Montazeri Z, Nyiraneza C, El-Katerji H, Little J. Waterpipe smoking and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Control 2017;26:92-7.
26. Koul PA, Hajni MR, Sheikh MA, et al. Hookah smoking and lung cancer in the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12:519-24.
27. Dias OM, Nascimento E, Chate RC, Kairalla RA, Baldi BG. Eosinophilic pneumonia: remember topical drugs as a potential etiology. J Bras Pneumol 2018;44:522-4.
28. Ali Nihat Annakkaya EGlB, Özlem Öztürk , Binnur Önal , Fuat Aytekin , Öner Balbay. Waterpipe (narghile, hookah) tobacco smoking‑induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology 2018
29. Chaaban T. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with non-cigarette smoking products: a systematic review. Adv Respir Med 2020;88:142-6.
30. Ali M SZ, Laktineh A, and Huda N. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a hookah smoker. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017.
31. Sinclair RG, Somsamouth K, Sahar D, Englert R, Singh P. Microbial contamination in the communal-use Lao tobacco waterpipe. Int Health 2021;13:344-9.
32. Munckhof WJ, Konstantinos A, Wamsley M, Mortlock M, Gilpin C. A cluster of tuberculosis associated with use of a marijuana water pipe. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003;7:860-5.
33. Szyper-Kravitz M, Lang R, Manor Y, Lahav M. Early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a leukemia patient linked to aspergillus contaminated marijuana smoking. Leuk Lymphoma 2001;42:1433-7.
34. Azar RR, Frangieh AH, Mroue J, et al. Acute effects of waterpipe smoking on blood pressure and heart rate: a real-life trial. Inhal Toxicol 2016;28:339-42.
35. Shafique K, Mirza SS, Mughal MK, et al. Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study. PLoS One 2012;7:e39734.
36. Sibai AM, Tohme RA, Almedawar MM, et al. Lifetime cumulative exposure to waterpipe smoking is associated with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2014;234:454-60.
2. Blachman-Braun R, Del Mazo-Rodriguez RL, Lopez-Samano G, Buendia-Roldan I. Hookah, is it really harmless? Respir Med 2014;108:661-7.
3. Aljarrah K, Ababneh ZQ, Al-Delaimy WK. Perceptions of hookah smoking harmfulness: predictors and characteristics among current hookah users. Tob Induc Dis 2009;5:16.
4. Hookahs.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/tobacco_industry/hookahs/index.htm. 2022 .
5. Smith-Simone S, Maziak W, Ward KD, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior in two U.S. samples. Nicotine Tob Res 2008;10:393-8.
6. Shihadeh A, Schubert J, Klaiany J, El Sabban M, Luch A, Saliba NA. Toxicant content, physical properties and biological activity of waterpipe tobacco smoke and its tobacco-free alternatives. Tob Control 2015;24 Suppl 1:i22-i30.
7. Pankow JF. A consideration of the role of gas/particle partitioning in the deposition of nicotine and other tobacco smoke compounds in the respiratory tract. Chem Res Toxicol 2001;14:1465-81.
8. Sepetdjian E, Shihadeh A, Saliba NA. Measurement of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in narghile waterpipe tobacco smoke. Food Chem Toxicol 2008;46:1582-90.
9. Marchetti AU, Boss OL, Schenker CM, Kalin K. Water-pipe Smoking as a Risk Factor for Transmitting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020;7:001342.
10. Akl EA, Gaddam S, Gunukula SK, Honeine R, Jaoude PA, Irani J. The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39:834-57.
11. Pilati SM, Demarchi C, Souza M, Souza LS, Galli FL. Lung histopathological changes in Swiss mice exposed to narghile smoke. J Bras Patol Med Lab 2022.
12. De Dios JAA, Javaid AA, Mesologites T, Lahiri B. A 20-year-old man with fever, chest pain, and lung nodules. Chest 2011;140:1378-81.
13. Choe EH, Sutherland L, Hills C, Sood JD. Shisha smoking as a possible cause of bilateral granulomatous lung lesions. Respirol Case Rep 2018;6:e00374.
14. Hadzic S, Gojkov-Vukelic M, Pasic E, Jahic IM, Muharemovic A, Huseinbegovic-Cengic A. The Effects of Smoking "The Hookah" on the Oral Health of Fourth, Fifth and Sixth-year Students of the Faculty of Dentistry in Sarajevo. Mater Sociomed 2020;32:212-7.
15. Priyadarshini Hesarghatta Ramamurthy BAF, Anand S. Tegginamani, Avita Rath, Preena Sidhu2 and Ahmad Termizi Bin Zamzuri. Clinical and cytological findings in oral cavity of young shisha smokers and non-smokers – a comparative study. J Oral Med Oral Surg 2022;Volume 28.
16. Bibars AR, Obeidat SR, Khader Y, Mahasneh AM, Khabour OF. The Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015;13:253-9.
17. Mager S, Struss M, Wollsching-Strobel M, Karagiannidis C. [Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (AEP) after Hookah Smoking]. Pneumologie 2020;74:230-3.
18. Hassan A. Hookah smoking as presumed cause of idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Chest Annual Meeting 2019.
19. Meo SA, AlShehri KA, AlHarbi BB, et al. Effect of shisha (waterpipe) smoking on lung functions and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) among Saudi young adult shisha smokers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014;11:9638-48.
20. Ben Saad H, Khemis M, Bougmiza I, et al. Spirometric profile of narghile smokers. Rev Mal Respir 2011;28:e39-51.
21. Raad D, Gaddam S, Schunemann HJ, et al. Effects of water-pipe smoking on lung function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 2011;139:764-74.
22. Toquet S, Cousson J, Choiselle N, et al. Alveolar hemorrhage due to marijuana smoking using water pipe made with plastic bottle: case report and narrative review of the literature. Inhal Toxicol 2021;33:168-76.
23. Tashkin DP. Effects of marijuana smoking on the lung. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013;10:239-47.
24. Sharma G, Goodwin J. Effect of aging on respiratory system physiology and immunology. Clin Interv Aging 2006;1:253-60.
25. Montazeri Z, Nyiraneza C, El-Katerji H, Little J. Waterpipe smoking and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Control 2017;26:92-7.
26. Koul PA, Hajni MR, Sheikh MA, et al. Hookah smoking and lung cancer in the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12:519-24.
27. Dias OM, Nascimento E, Chate RC, Kairalla RA, Baldi BG. Eosinophilic pneumonia: remember topical drugs as a potential etiology. J Bras Pneumol 2018;44:522-4.
28. Ali Nihat Annakkaya EGlB, Özlem Öztürk , Binnur Önal , Fuat Aytekin , Öner Balbay. Waterpipe (narghile, hookah) tobacco smoking‑induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology 2018
29. Chaaban T. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with non-cigarette smoking products: a systematic review. Adv Respir Med 2020;88:142-6.
30. Ali M SZ, Laktineh A, and Huda N. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a hookah smoker. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017.
31. Sinclair RG, Somsamouth K, Sahar D, Englert R, Singh P. Microbial contamination in the communal-use Lao tobacco waterpipe. Int Health 2021;13:344-9.
32. Munckhof WJ, Konstantinos A, Wamsley M, Mortlock M, Gilpin C. A cluster of tuberculosis associated with use of a marijuana water pipe. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003;7:860-5.
33. Szyper-Kravitz M, Lang R, Manor Y, Lahav M. Early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a leukemia patient linked to aspergillus contaminated marijuana smoking. Leuk Lymphoma 2001;42:1433-7.
34. Azar RR, Frangieh AH, Mroue J, et al. Acute effects of waterpipe smoking on blood pressure and heart rate: a real-life trial. Inhal Toxicol 2016;28:339-42.
35. Shafique K, Mirza SS, Mughal MK, et al. Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study. PLoS One 2012;7:e39734.
36. Sibai AM, Tohme RA, Almedawar MM, et al. Lifetime cumulative exposure to waterpipe smoking is associated with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2014;234:454-60.