Study of the Impact of Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy Treatment on Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Binswanger's Disease

Main Article Content

Ivan V. Maksimovich

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Binswanger's disease (BD) are among the most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Using energy of lasers with low output power of the red or near-infrared spectrum region called Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT), is an achievement in the development of methods for the treatment of these diseases.


Aims: The present study investigates the impact of Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) on the reduction of cognitive, mental impairment and dementia in patients with various Alzheimer's Disease and Binswanger's Disease stages.


Methods: For the research, we selected 62 patients suffering from dementia, aged 34-81 (mean age 72.75), 25 men (40.32%), 37 women (59.68%).


Test Group 1 - 48 patients previously diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. According to dementia severity, patients were subdivided: preclinical stage (dementia level TDR-0) - 4, mild stage (dementia level TDR-1) - 16, moderately severe stage (dementia level TDR-2) - 21, severe stage (dementia level TDR-3) - 7.


Test Group 2 - 14 patients with previously diagnosed Binswanger's Disease. According to dementia severity, the patients were subdivided: mild stage (dementia level CDR-1) - 9, moderately severe stage (dementia level CDR-2) - 5.


All patients underwent Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT).


Results:


Test Group 1. Thanks to angiogenesis and neurogenesis stimulation using Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT), in all 48 (100%) cases, cerebral blood supply and microcirculation improved, cerebral involutive and atrophic changes decreased. Patients showed persistently decreasing dementia, cognitive and mental abilities improvement. The vast majority began to correspond to the group with a milder disease stage.


Test Group 2. Due to angiogenesis and neurogenesis stimulation, all 14 (100%) cases demonstrated stable dementia reduction, restoration of cognitive, mental functions and daily life activities.


Conclusion: Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) is an effective, physiologically based method of stimulating cerebral angiogenesis and neurogenesis for Alzheimer's Disease and Binswanger's Disease patients. Due to complex laser exposure, patients show cerebral collateral and capillary revascularization, tissue metabolism improvement and cerebral regenerative processes development. Clinically, this leads to stable dementia level decrease, cognitive functions restoration and improvement in patients’ quality of life. The resulting clinical effect lasts for many years.

Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, AD, Binswanger's Disease, BD, PBMT, Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy, Angiogenesis, Neurogenesis

Article Details

How to Cite
MAKSIMOVICH, Ivan V.. Study of the Impact of Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy Treatment on Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Binswanger's Disease. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 12, dec. 2022. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3420>. Date accessed: 29 mar. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i12.3420.
Section
Research Articles

References

1. Henein M, Arsenault-Lapierre G , Sourial N , Godard-Sebillotte C , Bergman H , Vedel I. Description of organizational and clinician characteristics of primary dementia care in Canada: a multi-method study. BMC Prim Care. 2022; 20, 23 (1):121. DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01732-9.
2. Iadecola C. The pathobiology of vascular dementia. Neuron. 2013; 20, 80(4):844-866.
https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(13)00911-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0896627313009112%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
3. 2022 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Journal of Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2022; 18,(4) :700-789. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12638
4. Khan S, Barve KH, and Kumar MS. Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2020; 18 (11): 1106-1125 https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/106955
5. Burton EJ, Barber R, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Robson J, Perry RH, Jaros E, Kalaria RN, O'Brien JT. Medial temporal lobe atrophy on MRI differentiates Alzheimer's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies and vascular cognitive impairment: a prospective study with pathological verification of diagnosis. Brain. 2009; 132 (1): 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn298
6. Brown WR, Thore CR. Review: cerebral microvascular pathology in ageing and neurodegeneration. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2011; 37 (1): 56-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01139.x
7. Maksimovich IV. Dyscirculatory Angiopathy of Alzheimer’s Type. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science. 2011; 1 (2): 57-68. DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2011.12008
8. Zlokovic BV. Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 2011; 12, 723-738. DOI: 10.1038/nrn3114
9. Baloiannis SJ and Baloiannis IS. The vascular factor in Alzheimer’s disease: A study in Golgi technique and electron microscopy. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2012: 322 (1-2): 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2012.07.010
10. Grammas P, Martinez J, Sanchez A, Sanchez A, Yin X, Riley J, Gay D, Desobry K, Tripathy D, Luo J, Evola M, Alice Y. A new paradigm for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: targeting vascular activation. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014: 40 (3): 619-630. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2014-132057
11. Cai Z, Wang C, He W, Tu H, Tang Z, Xiao M, Yan L. Cerebral small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Interv Aging. 2015; 23 (10): 1695-1704. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S90871
12. Baloyannis SJ. Brain capillaries in Alzheimer's disease. Hell J Nucl Med. 2015; 18 (1): Suppl 1-152.
13. De la Torre JC. Cerebral Perfusion Enhancing Interventions: A New Strategy for the Prevention of Alzheimer Dementia. Brain Pathology 2016; 26 (5): 618–631. https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12405
14. Love S, Miners JS. Cerebral Hypoperfusion and the Energy Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Pathology. 2016; 26 (5): 607–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12401
15. Richetin K, Steullet P, Pachoud M, Perbet R, Parietti E, Maheswaran M, Eddarkaoui S, Bégard S, Pythoud C, Rey M, Caillierez R, Q Do K, Halliez S, Bezzi P, Buée L, Leuba G, Colin M, Toni N & Déglon N. Tau accumulation in astrocytes of the dentate gyrus induces neuronal dysfunction and memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Neuroscience. 2020; 23:1567-1579. doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-00728-x.
16. Cortes-Canteli M , Iadecola C. Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Aging: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 3, 75 (8) : 942-951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.062
17. Maksimovich IV and Polyaev YuA. The importance of early diagnosis of dyscircular angiopathy of Alzheimer’s type in the study of heredity of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2010; 6, 4S, (21): e43-e44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2010.08.133
18. Maksimovich IV. Certain new aspects of etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. 2012; 1 (3): 68-76.
DOI: 10.4236/aad.2012.13009
19. Zlokovic BV. Neurodegeneration and the neurovascular unit. Nat Med 2010; 16 (12): 1370-1371. DOI: 10.1038/nm1210-1370
20. Nelson AR, Sweeney MD, Sagare AP, Zlokovic BV. Neurovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016; 1862 (5): 887-900.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.016
21. Zipser BD, Johanson CE, Gonzalez L, BerzinTM, Tavares R, Hulette CM, Vitek MP, Hovanesian N, Stopa EG. Microvascular injury and blood-brain barrier leakage in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2007; 28 (7): 977-986.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.016
22. Tomimoto H. Subcortical vascular dementia. Neurosci Res. 2011; 71, (3) :193-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1820
23. Huisa BN, Rosenberg GA. Binswanger's disease: toward a diagnosis agreement and therapeutic approach. Expert Rev Neurother. 2014; 14, (10) :1203-1213. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2014.956726
24. Rosenberg GA, Wallin A, Wardlaw JM, Markus HS, Montaner J, Wolfson L, Iadecola C, Zlokovic BV, Joutel A, Dichgans M, Duering M, Schmidt R, Korczyn AD, Grinberg LT, Chui HC, Hachinski V. Consensus statement for diagnosis of subcortical small vessel disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36, (1): 6-25. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.172
25. Maksimovich IV. Transcatheter Treatment of Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Brain Complicated by Vascular Dementia Development. World Journal of Neuroscience 2012; 2, (4):200-209. DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2012.24031
26. Schmidtke K, Hull M. Cerebral small vessel disease: how does it progress? J Neurol Sci. 2005; 229-230: 13-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.11.048.
27. Maksimovich IV. Differences in Cerebral Angioarchitectonics in Alzheimer’s Disease in Comparison with Other Neurodegenerative and Ischemic Lesions. World Journal of Neuroscience 2018; 8, (4):453-469. DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2018.84036
28. Maksimovich IV. Transcatheter intracerebral photobiomodulation in ischemic brain disorders: Clinical studies (Part 2). In: Photobiomodulation in the Brain. London: Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier; 2019. pp.529-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815305-5.00039-7
29. Hashmi JT, Huang YY, Osmani BZ, Sharma SK, Naeser MA and Hamblin MR. Role of low-level laser therapy in neurorehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2010; 12 (2) S 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.013
30. Naeser MA, Hamblin MR. Potential for transcraniallaser or LED therapy to treatstroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011; 29 (7): 443-446. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2011.9908
31. Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol. 2017; 94 (2): 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12864
32. Hamblin MR, Hennessy M. Photobiomodulation and the brain: a new paradigm. Journal of Optics. 2017; 19 (1): 013003. DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/19/1/013003
33. Hamblin MR. Mechanisms of photobiomodulation in the brain. In Photobiomodulation in the Brain, Edited by Michael R. Hamblin, Ying-Ying Huang. Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, London. 2019; p-p. 97-110.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815305-5.00008-7
34. Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer’s Disease: Has the Light Dawned? Photonics. 2019; 6 (3), 77.
https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics6030077
35. Saltmarche AE, Naeser MA , Ho KF , Hamblin MR, Lim L. Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report. Photomed Laser Surg. 2017; 35 (8): 432-441.
https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2016.4227
36. Salehpour F, Hamblin MR, Di Duro JO. Rapid Reversal of Cognitive Decline, Olfactory Dysfunction, and Quality of Life Using Multi-Modality Photobiomodulation Therapy: Case Report. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37 (3): 159-167.
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/photob.2018.4569
37. Ming-Wei Lai, Chia-Hsin Yang, Pi-Yu Sung, and Sen-Wei Tsai. Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood Improves Functional Independence in Subacute Post-Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study from a Post-Stroke Acute Care Center in Taiwan. 2022; Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery 40, (10): 691–697. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2022.0042
38. Maksimovich IV. Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy Reduces Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Various Stages of Alzheimer's disease. Medical Research Archives. 2022; 10 (7): 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i7.2938
39. Morris JC. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current Version and Scoring Rules. Neurology. 1993; 11 (43): 2412-2414. https://n.neurology.org/content/43/11/2412.2
40. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975; 12 (3): 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
41. Maksimovich IV. Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Reduction after Laser Transcatheter Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. World Journal of Neuroscience. 2015; 5 (3): 189-203.
DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2015.53021
42. Maksimovich IV. The tomography dementia rating scale (TDR) - The rating scale of Alzheimer’s disease stages. Health. 2012; 4 (9A): 712-719.
DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.429111
43. Maksimovich IV. Method for Endovascular Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Russian Patent, No.2297860. 2006.
44. Maksimovich IV. Method and Device for Endovascular Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. USA Patent No. 7389776. 2008.
45. Maksimovich IV. Transluminal laser angioplasty in treatment of ischemic lesions of a brain. Doctor of Medical Science Dissertation, Russian University of Friendship of the People 2004, Moscow.