Human Amniotic Membrane Usage from Bench to Bedside in Congenital Defects and Wounds in Paediatric Surgery: A Systematic Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The restricted donor area in paediatric patients demands the use of Human Amniotic membrane (hAM) in the management of difficult-to-manage wounds. It can be used directly over wounds or used to grow stem cells by different culture methods. The hAM can be used “fresh” i.e., +4O glycerol preserved or “cryopreserved”.
Methods: In this literature review, we searched ‘PubMed’, ’Web of Science’ and ’SCOPUS’ for experimental models, RCT, Observational studies, case series, and case reports involving the usage of hAM in the treatment of neonatal and paediatric (<14 yrs.) patients, published in from 1993 to April 2022. The search included the keywords, “amnion”, “biomaterials”, “biological dressing”, “clinical study”, “congenital defects”, “human amniotic membrane”, “paediatric wound”, “neonatal wounds”, and “regenerative medicine”. The Search was extended by snowballing the reference list of all included studies.
Results: The final analysis included one experimental RCT, three review articles, and twelve case reports. The experimental studies were in rat, pup, and porcine models. The paediatric second-and third-degree thermal burn followed by paediatric ocular diseases viz corneal epithelial ulcers, conjunctiva reconstruction following Steven Johnson Syndrome, and scarring after surgery of strabismus were the most common indications for the usage of AM. Five cases of meningomyelocele repair (intradural & extradural placement of AM) and 2 cases of gastroschisis repair (as an antiadhesive layer) were reported. Freeze-dried hAM is most frequently used in clinical practice. Autologous hAM was used in antenatally detected birth defects. In the adults, the fresh hAM was found equally effective as freeze-dried AM, but with the risk of transmission of contagious diseases. The literature on Fresh amnion is deficient in paediatric patients.
Conclusion: hAM as a skin substitute in paediatric wounds/defects has shown an enhanced rate of healing. However, further studies, regarding the utility of hAM in the management of paediatric wounds, congenital anatomical defects, and diseases along with analysis of outcome and economic constraints in developing countries are needed
Keywords:
amnion, biomaterials, biological dressing, clinical study, human amniotic membrane, paediatric wound management, neonatal wounds, neonatal necrotizing fasciitis, paediatric burn wound, regenerative medicine
Article Details
How to Cite
SINGH, Sunita et al.
Human Amniotic Membrane Usage from Bench to Bedside in Congenital Defects and Wounds in Paediatric Surgery: A Systematic Review.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 3, mar. 2023.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3628>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i3.3628.
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. Lipový B, Hladík M, Štourač P, Forostyak S. Case Report: Wound Closure Acceleration in a Patient With Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Using a Lyophilised Amniotic Membrane. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:649317. doi:10.3389/file.2021.649317
2. Ahuja N, Jin R, Powers C, Billi A, Bass K. Dehydrated Human Amnion Chorion Membrane as Treatment for Pediatric Burns. Adv wound care. 2020;9(11):602-611. doi:10.1089/wound.2019.0983
3. Nazir Z. Necrotizing fasciitis in neonates. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005;21(8):641-644. doi:10.1007/s00383-005-1481-y
4. Chetter IC, Oswald A V, McGinnis E, et al. Patients with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention: A prospective, cohort study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019;89:62-71. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.09.011
5. Dadkhah Tehrani F, Firouzeh A, Shabani I, Shabani A. A Review on Modifications of Amniotic Membrane for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;8:606982. doi:10.3389/file.2020.606982
6. Bianchi C, Cazzell S, Vayser D, et al. A multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (EpiFix®) allograft for the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Int Wound J. 2018;15(1):114-122.
7. Ramakrishnan KM, Jayaraman V. Management of partial-thickness burn wounds by an amniotic membrane: a cost-effective treatment in developing countries. Burns. 1997;23:S33-S36.
8. Piserchia NE, Akenzua GI. Amniotic membrane dressing for burns in children. A cheap method of treatment for developing countries. Trop Geogr Med. 1981;33(3):235-240.
9. Maral T, Borman H, Arslan H, Demirhan B, Akinbingol G, Haberal M. Effectiveness of human amnion preserved long-term in glycerol as a temporary biological dressing. Burns. 1999;25(7):625-635. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-4179(99)00072-8
10. Gyger D, Genin B, Bugmann P, Lironi A, Le Coultre C. Skin harvesting on the scalp in children: Utopia or reality. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1996;6(3):166-169. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1066498
11. Bauer BS, Vicari FA, Richard ME, Schwed R. Expanded full-thickness skin grafts in children: case selection, planning, and management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;92(1):59-69. doi:10.1097/00006534-199307000-00009
12. de Weerd L, Sjåvik K, Pedersen LK, Weum S, Hennig RO. Triple Use of Autologous Amnion Graft in the Treatment of Meningomyelocele and Split Cord Malformation. Plast Reconstr Surg – Glob Open. 2020;8(1). https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/Fulltext/2020/01000/Triple_Use_of_Autologous_Amnion_Graft_in_the.30.aspx
13. Schoellhammer L, Gudmundsdottir G, Rasmussen MM, Sandager P, Heje M, Damsgaard TE. Repair of myelomeningocele using autologous amnion graft and local flaps. A report of two cases. JPRAS Open. 2018;17:9-14. doi:10.1016/j.jpra.2018.05.002
14. Brown EG, Saadai P, Pivetti CD, et al. In utero repair of myelomeningocele with the autologous amniotic membrane in the fetal lamb model. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49(1):133-138. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.09.043
15. ElHeneidy H, Omran E, Halwagy A, Al-Inany H, Al-Ansary M, Gad A. Amniotic membrane can be a valid source for wound healing. Int J Womens Health. 2016;8:225-231. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S96636
16. Gicquel JJ, Dua HS, Brodie A, et al. Epidermal growth factor variations in amniotic membrane used for ex vivo tissue constructs. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009;15(8):1919-1927.
17. Singh AK, Shenoy YR. Skin substitutes: An Indian perspective. Indian J Plast Surg Off Publ Assoc Plast Surg India. 2012;45(2):388-395. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.101322
18. Silini AR, Cargnoni A, Magatti M, Pianta S, Parolini O. The Long Path of Human Placenta, and Its Derivatives, in Regenerative Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2015;3:162. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2015.00162
19. Loeffelbein DJ, Rohleder NH, Eddicks M, et al. Evaluation of Human Amniotic Membrane as a Wound Dressing for Split-Thickness Skin-Graft Donor Sites. Dekaris I, ed. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:572183. doi:10.1155/2014/572183
20. Yates CC, Whaley D, Hooda S, Hebda PA, Bodnar RJ, Wells A. Delayed reepithelialization and basement membrane regeneration after wounding in mice lacking CXCR3. Wound Repair Regen. 2009;17(1):34-41.
21. Mamede AC, Carvalho MJ, Abrantes AM, Laranjo M, Maia CJ, Botelho MF. Amniotic membrane: from structure and functions to clinical applications. Cell Tissue Res. 2012;349(2):447-458.
22. Mrugala A, Sui A, Plummer M, et al. Amniotic membrane is a potential regenerative option for chronic non-healing wounds: a report of five cases receiving dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft. Int Wound J. 2016;13(4):485-492. doi:10.1111/iwj.12458
23. Branski LK, Herndon DN, Celis MM, Norbury WB, Masters OE, Jeschke MG. Amnion in the treatment of pediatric partial-thickness facial burns. Burns. 2008;34(3):393-399.
24. D CunhaAR, Jehangir S, Rebekah G TR. Human Amniotic Membrane Vs Collagen in the treatment of superficial Second -degree burns in the children. Wounds. 2022;34(5):135-140. doi:doi:10.25270/winds/2022.135140
25. Puyana S, Ruiz S, Elkbuli A, et al. Using Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane Skin Substitute in Facial Burns: Is There a Outcome Difference Between Adult and Pediatric Patients? J Craniofac Surg. 2020;31(2):e145-e147. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000006077
26. Lipový B, Forostyak S. Efficacy and safety of newly developed biologic material based on the amniotic membrane in acute burns management. Burn J Int Soc Burn Inj. 2020;46(3):743-745.
27. Schmiedova I, Ozanova Z, Stastna E, Kiselakova L, Lipovy B, Forostyak S. Case Report: Freeze-Dried Human Amniotic Membrane Allograft for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds: Results of a Multicentre Observational Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:649446. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.649446
28. Sangwan VS, Burman S, Tejwani S, Mahesh SP, Murthy R. Amniotic membrane transplantation: A review of current indications in the management of ophthalmic disorders. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2007;55(4). https://journals.lww.com/ijo/Fulltext/2007/55040/Amniotic_membrane_transplantation__A_review_of.2.aspx
29. Samantaray SA, Joseph S, Shet SM, Nair SM. Early application of the human amniotic membrane in paediatric scald burns decreases the need for surgical intervention. Eur J Plast Surg. 2021;44(4):517-522. doi:10.1007/s00238-020-01772-3
30. Nakamura T, Yoshitani M, Rigby H, et al. Sterilized, Freeze-Dried Amniotic Membrane: A Useful Substrate for Ocular Surface Reconstruction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(1):93-99. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0752
31. Burgos H. Lyophilized Human Amniotic Membranes Used in Reconstruction of the Ear. J R Soc Med. 1983;76(5):433. doi:10.1177/014107688307600528
32. Fard M, Akhavan-Tavakoli M, Khanjani S, et al. Bilayer amniotic membrane/nano-fibrous fibroin scaffold promotes differentiation capability of menstrual blood stem cells into keratinocyte-like cells. Mol Biotechnol. 2018;60(2):100-110.
33. Arasteh S, Khanjani S, Golshahi H, et al. Efficient wound healing using a synthetic nanofibrous bilayer skin substitute in a murine model. J Surg Res. 2020;245:31-44.
34. Murphy S V, Skardal A, Nelson Jr RA, et al. Amnion membrane hydrogel and amnion membrane powder accelerate wound healing in a full thickness porcine skin wound model. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2020;9(1):80-92.
35. Tseng SCG. HC-HA/PTX3 purified from the amniotic membrane as a novel regenerative matrix: insight into the relationship between inflammation and regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(5):ORSFh1-ORSFh8.
36. Kim JC, Tseng SCG. Transplantation of Preserved Human Amniotic Membrane for Surface Reconstruction in Severely Damaged Rabbit Corneas. Cornea. 1995;14(5). https://journals.lww.com/corneajrnl/Fulltext/1995/09000/Transplantation_of_Preserved_Human_Amniotic.6.aspx
37. Smiell JM, Treaduvell T, Hahn HD. Amniotic Membrane Allograft. Wounds. 2015;27(6):158-169.
38. Vloemans AFPM, Hermans MHE, van der Wal MBA, Liebregts J, Middelkoop E. Optimal treatment of partial thickness burns in children: A systematic review. Burns. 2014;40(2):177-190. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2013.09.016
39. Marton E, Giordan E, Gioffrè G, et al. Homologous cryopreserved amniotic membrane in the repair of myelomeningocele: preliminary experience. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018;160(8):1625-1631. doi:10.1007/s00701-018-3577-x
40. Ahmad MS, Frank GS, Hink EM, Palestine AG, Gregory DG, McCourt EA. Amniotic membrane transplants in the pediatric population. J AAPOS Off Publ Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2017;21(3):215-218. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.04.002
41. Harvey G, Solanki NS, Anderson PJ, Carney B, Snell BJ. Management of Aplasia Cutis Congenita of the Scalp. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(6). https://journals.lww.com/jcraniofacialsurgery/Fulltext/2012/11000/Management_of_Aplasia_Cutis_Congenita_of_the_Scalp.19.aspx
42. Marchetto C, Sgrò A, Gamba P, Trojan D, Pagliara C, Midrio P. The use of biological membranes for correction of congenital malformations. Cell Tissue Bank. Published online 2022. doi:10.1007/s10561-022-10003-x
43. Akela A, Nandi SK, Das P, Banerjee D, Roy S, Datta U. Autologous bone marrow‐derived cells with placental extract for healing excisional cutaneous wounds in an animal model. Int Wound J. 2013;10(2):167-176.
44. Mostaque AK, Rahman KBMA. Comparisons of the effects of the biological membrane (amnion) and silver sulfadiazine in the management of burn wounds in children. J Burn Care Res Off Publ Am Burn Assoc. 2011;32(2):200-209. doi:10.1097/BCR.0b013e31820aad94
45. Goyal R, Jones SM, Espinosa M, Green V, Nischal KK. Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Children With Symblepharon and Massive Pannus. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(10):1435-1440. doi:10.1001/archopht.124.10.1435
46. Yang Y, Fung SSM, Chew H, Mireskandari K, Ali A. Amniotic membrane transplantation for Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: the Toronto experience. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105(9):1238 LP - 1243. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316056
47. Rennekampff HO, Dohrmann P, Föry R, Fandrich F. Evaluation of Amniotic Membrane as Adhesion Prophylaxis in a Novel Surgical Gastroschisis Model. J Investig Surg. 1994;7(3):187-193. doi:10.3109/08941939409018285
48. Gumpil S, Ampon K, Lasimbang H, Fatimah S, Kumar SV. ID: 1054 Comparison between fresh and cryopreserved Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells (HAMCs) in terms of serial passaging, morphology and differentiation potential during long-term culture. Biomed Res Ther. 2017;4(S SE-Poster Abstract). doi:10.15419/bmrat.v4iS.329
49. Pichlsberger M, Jerman UD, Obradović H, et al. Systematic Review of the Application of Perinatal Derivatives in Animal Models on Cutaneous Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:742858. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.742858
50. Barski D, Gerullis H, Ecke T, et al. Repair of a vesicovaginal fistula with amniotic membrane–step 1 of the IDEAL recommendations of surgical innovation. Cent Eur J Urol. 2015;68(4):459.
51. Barski D, Gerullis H, Ecke T, et al. Human amniotic membrane dressing for the treatment of an infected wound due to an entero-cutaneous fistula: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;51:11-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.08.015
52. Senthil-Kumar P, Ni T, Randolph MA, Velmahos GC, Kochevar IE, Redmond RW. A light-activated amnion wrap strengthens colonic anastomosis and reduces peri-anastomotic adhesions. Lasers Surg Med. 2016;48(5):530-537. doi:10.1002/lsm.22507
53. Barski D, Gerullis H, Ecke T, et al. Human Amniotic Membrane Is Not Suitable for the Grafting of Colon Lesions and Prevention of Adhesions in a Xenograft Rat Model. Surg Innov. 2017;24(4):313-320. doi:10.1177/1553350617709828
54. Caziuc A, Calin Dindelegan G, Pall E, Mironiuc A. Stem cells improve the quality of colonic anastomoses - A systematic review. J BUON. 2015;20(6):1624-1629.
55. Trébol J, Georgiev-Hristov T, Pascual-Miguelañez I, Guadalajara H, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Stem cell therapy applied for digestive anastomosis: Current state and future perspectives. World J Stem Cells. 2022;14(1):117-141. doi:10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.117
56. Dasgupta S, Jain SK. Protective effects of amniotic fluid in the setting of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res. 2017;82(4):584-595. doi:10.1038/pr.2017.144
57. Jain SK, Baggerman EW, Mohankumar K, et al. Amniotic fluid-borne hepatocyte growth factor protects rat pups against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2014;306(5):G361-9. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00272.2013
58. Adas G, Arikan S, Karatepe O, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells improve the healing of ischemic colonic anastomoses (experimental study). Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2011;396(1):115-126. doi:10.1007/s00423-010-0717-z
59. Update: Allograft-Associated Bacterial Infections --- United States, 2002. Accessed June 9, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5110a2.htm
60. Saxena AK. Surgical perspectives regarding the application of biomaterials for the management of large congenital diaphragmatic hernia defects. Pediatr Surg Int. 2018;34(5):475-489. doi:10.1007/s00383-018-4253-1
61. Gajiwala AL. Setting up a Tissue Bank in India: The Tata Memorial Hospital Experience. Cell Tissue Bank. 2003;4(2):193-201. doi:10.1023/B:CATB.0000007026.00604.97
62. Heng WL, Wang QW, Sornarajah R, et al. A Review of Skin Banking Guidelines and Standards Worldwide: Towards the Harmonization of Guidelines for Skin Banking in Therapeutic Applications for the Regions under the Asia Pacific Burn Association (APBA). Burn trauma. 2020;8. doi:10.1093/BURNST/TKAA019
2. Ahuja N, Jin R, Powers C, Billi A, Bass K. Dehydrated Human Amnion Chorion Membrane as Treatment for Pediatric Burns. Adv wound care. 2020;9(11):602-611. doi:10.1089/wound.2019.0983
3. Nazir Z. Necrotizing fasciitis in neonates. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005;21(8):641-644. doi:10.1007/s00383-005-1481-y
4. Chetter IC, Oswald A V, McGinnis E, et al. Patients with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention: A prospective, cohort study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019;89:62-71. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.09.011
5. Dadkhah Tehrani F, Firouzeh A, Shabani I, Shabani A. A Review on Modifications of Amniotic Membrane for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;8:606982. doi:10.3389/file.2020.606982
6. Bianchi C, Cazzell S, Vayser D, et al. A multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (EpiFix®) allograft for the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Int Wound J. 2018;15(1):114-122.
7. Ramakrishnan KM, Jayaraman V. Management of partial-thickness burn wounds by an amniotic membrane: a cost-effective treatment in developing countries. Burns. 1997;23:S33-S36.
8. Piserchia NE, Akenzua GI. Amniotic membrane dressing for burns in children. A cheap method of treatment for developing countries. Trop Geogr Med. 1981;33(3):235-240.
9. Maral T, Borman H, Arslan H, Demirhan B, Akinbingol G, Haberal M. Effectiveness of human amnion preserved long-term in glycerol as a temporary biological dressing. Burns. 1999;25(7):625-635. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-4179(99)00072-8
10. Gyger D, Genin B, Bugmann P, Lironi A, Le Coultre C. Skin harvesting on the scalp in children: Utopia or reality. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1996;6(3):166-169. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1066498
11. Bauer BS, Vicari FA, Richard ME, Schwed R. Expanded full-thickness skin grafts in children: case selection, planning, and management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;92(1):59-69. doi:10.1097/00006534-199307000-00009
12. de Weerd L, Sjåvik K, Pedersen LK, Weum S, Hennig RO. Triple Use of Autologous Amnion Graft in the Treatment of Meningomyelocele and Split Cord Malformation. Plast Reconstr Surg – Glob Open. 2020;8(1). https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/Fulltext/2020/01000/Triple_Use_of_Autologous_Amnion_Graft_in_the.30.aspx
13. Schoellhammer L, Gudmundsdottir G, Rasmussen MM, Sandager P, Heje M, Damsgaard TE. Repair of myelomeningocele using autologous amnion graft and local flaps. A report of two cases. JPRAS Open. 2018;17:9-14. doi:10.1016/j.jpra.2018.05.002
14. Brown EG, Saadai P, Pivetti CD, et al. In utero repair of myelomeningocele with the autologous amniotic membrane in the fetal lamb model. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49(1):133-138. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.09.043
15. ElHeneidy H, Omran E, Halwagy A, Al-Inany H, Al-Ansary M, Gad A. Amniotic membrane can be a valid source for wound healing. Int J Womens Health. 2016;8:225-231. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S96636
16. Gicquel JJ, Dua HS, Brodie A, et al. Epidermal growth factor variations in amniotic membrane used for ex vivo tissue constructs. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009;15(8):1919-1927.
17. Singh AK, Shenoy YR. Skin substitutes: An Indian perspective. Indian J Plast Surg Off Publ Assoc Plast Surg India. 2012;45(2):388-395. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.101322
18. Silini AR, Cargnoni A, Magatti M, Pianta S, Parolini O. The Long Path of Human Placenta, and Its Derivatives, in Regenerative Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2015;3:162. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2015.00162
19. Loeffelbein DJ, Rohleder NH, Eddicks M, et al. Evaluation of Human Amniotic Membrane as a Wound Dressing for Split-Thickness Skin-Graft Donor Sites. Dekaris I, ed. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:572183. doi:10.1155/2014/572183
20. Yates CC, Whaley D, Hooda S, Hebda PA, Bodnar RJ, Wells A. Delayed reepithelialization and basement membrane regeneration after wounding in mice lacking CXCR3. Wound Repair Regen. 2009;17(1):34-41.
21. Mamede AC, Carvalho MJ, Abrantes AM, Laranjo M, Maia CJ, Botelho MF. Amniotic membrane: from structure and functions to clinical applications. Cell Tissue Res. 2012;349(2):447-458.
22. Mrugala A, Sui A, Plummer M, et al. Amniotic membrane is a potential regenerative option for chronic non-healing wounds: a report of five cases receiving dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft. Int Wound J. 2016;13(4):485-492. doi:10.1111/iwj.12458
23. Branski LK, Herndon DN, Celis MM, Norbury WB, Masters OE, Jeschke MG. Amnion in the treatment of pediatric partial-thickness facial burns. Burns. 2008;34(3):393-399.
24. D CunhaAR, Jehangir S, Rebekah G TR. Human Amniotic Membrane Vs Collagen in the treatment of superficial Second -degree burns in the children. Wounds. 2022;34(5):135-140. doi:doi:10.25270/winds/2022.135140
25. Puyana S, Ruiz S, Elkbuli A, et al. Using Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane Skin Substitute in Facial Burns: Is There a Outcome Difference Between Adult and Pediatric Patients? J Craniofac Surg. 2020;31(2):e145-e147. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000006077
26. Lipový B, Forostyak S. Efficacy and safety of newly developed biologic material based on the amniotic membrane in acute burns management. Burn J Int Soc Burn Inj. 2020;46(3):743-745.
27. Schmiedova I, Ozanova Z, Stastna E, Kiselakova L, Lipovy B, Forostyak S. Case Report: Freeze-Dried Human Amniotic Membrane Allograft for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds: Results of a Multicentre Observational Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:649446. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.649446
28. Sangwan VS, Burman S, Tejwani S, Mahesh SP, Murthy R. Amniotic membrane transplantation: A review of current indications in the management of ophthalmic disorders. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2007;55(4). https://journals.lww.com/ijo/Fulltext/2007/55040/Amniotic_membrane_transplantation__A_review_of.2.aspx
29. Samantaray SA, Joseph S, Shet SM, Nair SM. Early application of the human amniotic membrane in paediatric scald burns decreases the need for surgical intervention. Eur J Plast Surg. 2021;44(4):517-522. doi:10.1007/s00238-020-01772-3
30. Nakamura T, Yoshitani M, Rigby H, et al. Sterilized, Freeze-Dried Amniotic Membrane: A Useful Substrate for Ocular Surface Reconstruction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(1):93-99. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0752
31. Burgos H. Lyophilized Human Amniotic Membranes Used in Reconstruction of the Ear. J R Soc Med. 1983;76(5):433. doi:10.1177/014107688307600528
32. Fard M, Akhavan-Tavakoli M, Khanjani S, et al. Bilayer amniotic membrane/nano-fibrous fibroin scaffold promotes differentiation capability of menstrual blood stem cells into keratinocyte-like cells. Mol Biotechnol. 2018;60(2):100-110.
33. Arasteh S, Khanjani S, Golshahi H, et al. Efficient wound healing using a synthetic nanofibrous bilayer skin substitute in a murine model. J Surg Res. 2020;245:31-44.
34. Murphy S V, Skardal A, Nelson Jr RA, et al. Amnion membrane hydrogel and amnion membrane powder accelerate wound healing in a full thickness porcine skin wound model. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2020;9(1):80-92.
35. Tseng SCG. HC-HA/PTX3 purified from the amniotic membrane as a novel regenerative matrix: insight into the relationship between inflammation and regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(5):ORSFh1-ORSFh8.
36. Kim JC, Tseng SCG. Transplantation of Preserved Human Amniotic Membrane for Surface Reconstruction in Severely Damaged Rabbit Corneas. Cornea. 1995;14(5). https://journals.lww.com/corneajrnl/Fulltext/1995/09000/Transplantation_of_Preserved_Human_Amniotic.6.aspx
37. Smiell JM, Treaduvell T, Hahn HD. Amniotic Membrane Allograft. Wounds. 2015;27(6):158-169.
38. Vloemans AFPM, Hermans MHE, van der Wal MBA, Liebregts J, Middelkoop E. Optimal treatment of partial thickness burns in children: A systematic review. Burns. 2014;40(2):177-190. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2013.09.016
39. Marton E, Giordan E, Gioffrè G, et al. Homologous cryopreserved amniotic membrane in the repair of myelomeningocele: preliminary experience. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018;160(8):1625-1631. doi:10.1007/s00701-018-3577-x
40. Ahmad MS, Frank GS, Hink EM, Palestine AG, Gregory DG, McCourt EA. Amniotic membrane transplants in the pediatric population. J AAPOS Off Publ Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2017;21(3):215-218. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.04.002
41. Harvey G, Solanki NS, Anderson PJ, Carney B, Snell BJ. Management of Aplasia Cutis Congenita of the Scalp. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(6). https://journals.lww.com/jcraniofacialsurgery/Fulltext/2012/11000/Management_of_Aplasia_Cutis_Congenita_of_the_Scalp.19.aspx
42. Marchetto C, Sgrò A, Gamba P, Trojan D, Pagliara C, Midrio P. The use of biological membranes for correction of congenital malformations. Cell Tissue Bank. Published online 2022. doi:10.1007/s10561-022-10003-x
43. Akela A, Nandi SK, Das P, Banerjee D, Roy S, Datta U. Autologous bone marrow‐derived cells with placental extract for healing excisional cutaneous wounds in an animal model. Int Wound J. 2013;10(2):167-176.
44. Mostaque AK, Rahman KBMA. Comparisons of the effects of the biological membrane (amnion) and silver sulfadiazine in the management of burn wounds in children. J Burn Care Res Off Publ Am Burn Assoc. 2011;32(2):200-209. doi:10.1097/BCR.0b013e31820aad94
45. Goyal R, Jones SM, Espinosa M, Green V, Nischal KK. Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Children With Symblepharon and Massive Pannus. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(10):1435-1440. doi:10.1001/archopht.124.10.1435
46. Yang Y, Fung SSM, Chew H, Mireskandari K, Ali A. Amniotic membrane transplantation for Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: the Toronto experience. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105(9):1238 LP - 1243. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316056
47. Rennekampff HO, Dohrmann P, Föry R, Fandrich F. Evaluation of Amniotic Membrane as Adhesion Prophylaxis in a Novel Surgical Gastroschisis Model. J Investig Surg. 1994;7(3):187-193. doi:10.3109/08941939409018285
48. Gumpil S, Ampon K, Lasimbang H, Fatimah S, Kumar SV. ID: 1054 Comparison between fresh and cryopreserved Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells (HAMCs) in terms of serial passaging, morphology and differentiation potential during long-term culture. Biomed Res Ther. 2017;4(S SE-Poster Abstract). doi:10.15419/bmrat.v4iS.329
49. Pichlsberger M, Jerman UD, Obradović H, et al. Systematic Review of the Application of Perinatal Derivatives in Animal Models on Cutaneous Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:742858. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.742858
50. Barski D, Gerullis H, Ecke T, et al. Repair of a vesicovaginal fistula with amniotic membrane–step 1 of the IDEAL recommendations of surgical innovation. Cent Eur J Urol. 2015;68(4):459.
51. Barski D, Gerullis H, Ecke T, et al. Human amniotic membrane dressing for the treatment of an infected wound due to an entero-cutaneous fistula: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;51:11-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.08.015
52. Senthil-Kumar P, Ni T, Randolph MA, Velmahos GC, Kochevar IE, Redmond RW. A light-activated amnion wrap strengthens colonic anastomosis and reduces peri-anastomotic adhesions. Lasers Surg Med. 2016;48(5):530-537. doi:10.1002/lsm.22507
53. Barski D, Gerullis H, Ecke T, et al. Human Amniotic Membrane Is Not Suitable for the Grafting of Colon Lesions and Prevention of Adhesions in a Xenograft Rat Model. Surg Innov. 2017;24(4):313-320. doi:10.1177/1553350617709828
54. Caziuc A, Calin Dindelegan G, Pall E, Mironiuc A. Stem cells improve the quality of colonic anastomoses - A systematic review. J BUON. 2015;20(6):1624-1629.
55. Trébol J, Georgiev-Hristov T, Pascual-Miguelañez I, Guadalajara H, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Stem cell therapy applied for digestive anastomosis: Current state and future perspectives. World J Stem Cells. 2022;14(1):117-141. doi:10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.117
56. Dasgupta S, Jain SK. Protective effects of amniotic fluid in the setting of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res. 2017;82(4):584-595. doi:10.1038/pr.2017.144
57. Jain SK, Baggerman EW, Mohankumar K, et al. Amniotic fluid-borne hepatocyte growth factor protects rat pups against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2014;306(5):G361-9. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00272.2013
58. Adas G, Arikan S, Karatepe O, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells improve the healing of ischemic colonic anastomoses (experimental study). Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2011;396(1):115-126. doi:10.1007/s00423-010-0717-z
59. Update: Allograft-Associated Bacterial Infections --- United States, 2002. Accessed June 9, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5110a2.htm
60. Saxena AK. Surgical perspectives regarding the application of biomaterials for the management of large congenital diaphragmatic hernia defects. Pediatr Surg Int. 2018;34(5):475-489. doi:10.1007/s00383-018-4253-1
61. Gajiwala AL. Setting up a Tissue Bank in India: The Tata Memorial Hospital Experience. Cell Tissue Bank. 2003;4(2):193-201. doi:10.1023/B:CATB.0000007026.00604.97
62. Heng WL, Wang QW, Sornarajah R, et al. A Review of Skin Banking Guidelines and Standards Worldwide: Towards the Harmonization of Guidelines for Skin Banking in Therapeutic Applications for the Regions under the Asia Pacific Burn Association (APBA). Burn trauma. 2020;8. doi:10.1093/BURNST/TKAA019