Surgical Decision-Making and Technique for Direct Brow Lifting
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To discuss indications for direct brow lifting, patient selection, aesthetic considerations, and the risks of surgery in the context of the author’s preferred technique.
Design: Review of literature and description of surgical decision-making and technique.
Conclusions: Direct brow lifting is effective and in some instances is the preferred aesthetic procedure for brow lifting. With a careful, honest discussion about risks, benefits, and alternatives to direct brow lifting, patients generally have excellent surgical and aesthetic outcomes.
Article Details
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
Booth AJ, Murray A, Tyers AG. The direct brow lift: Efficacy, complications, and patient satisfaction. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:688–91.
Barker L, Naveed H, Adds PJ, Uddin JM. Supraorbital notch and foramen: positional variation and relevance to direct brow lift. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;29:67-70.
Pankratz J, Baer J, Mayer C, Rana V, Stephens R, Segars L, Surke CC. Depth transitions of the frontal branch of the facial nerve: implications in SMAS rhytidectomy. JPRAS Open. 2020;26:101-108.
Gunter JP, Antrobus SD. Aethetic analysis of the eyebrows. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;99:1808-16.
Kashkouli MB, Abdolalizadeh P, Abolfathzadeh N, Sianati H, Sharepour M, Hadi Y. Periorbital facial rejuvenation; applied anatomy and pre-operative assessment. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2017;29(3):154-68.
Freund R, Nolan WB. Correlation between brow lift outcomes and aesthetic ideals for eyebrow height and shape in females. Plast Recontsr Surg. 1996;97(7):1343-48.
Green JP, Goldberg RA, Shorr N. Eyebrow ptosis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1997;37:97-122.
Butler DB, Nagendran S, Malhotra R. Revisiting the direct brow lift in patients with facial palsy: 4 key modifications. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021;37:179-182.
Ueda K, Harii K, Yamada A. Long term follow up study of browlift for treatment of facial paralysis. Ann Plast Surg 1994;32:166-70.