Eurofins Covid-19 Sentinel™ Wastewater Test Provides Early Warning of COVID-19
Main Article Content
Abstract
Estimates of viral content can be used as an indicator of the community infection rate, and as an indicator of resurgence of COVID-19 in well-defined sites such as production facilities, hospitals, nursing homes and wastewater treatment plants. The Eurofins Covid-19 Sentinel™ program was developed to monitor the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic, and for early detection of corona disease outbreaks in local communities. This paper provides an extension of the Eurofins Sentinel program, and demonstrates further protocol optimization, method validation and real life application. The validation of the Eurofins Covid-19 Sentinel™ protocol include analysis of optimal storage conditions, sample stability, estimates of reproducibility, sensitivity, precision, and precision in viral recovery upon dilution of wastewater samples. The Eurofins Covid-19 Sentinel™ wastewater method was later implemented in the national wastewater surveillance program in Denmark, as it provides a robust, sensitive and semi-quantitative method to monitor the spread and occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus within local populations.
Keywords:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Wastewater Surveillance, PCR
Article Details
How to Cite
JØRGENSEN, Alissa Carina Udi et al.
Eurofins Covid-19 Sentinel™ Wastewater Test Provides Early Warning of COVID-19.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 6, june 2023.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/3749>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i6.3749.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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2. Marshall DL, Bois F, Jensen SKS, et al. Sentinel Coronavirus environmental monitoring can contribute to detecting asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 virus spreaders and can verify effectiveness of workplace COVID-19 controls. Microb Risk Anal. 2020;16(August):100137. doi:10.1016/j.mran.2020.100137
3. Zhu Y, Oishi W, Maruo C, et al. Early warning of COVID-19 via wastewater-based epidemiology: potential and bottlenecks. Sci Total Environ. 2021;767. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145124
4. Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature. 2020;581(7809):465-469. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x
5. Zhang N, Gong Y, Meng F, et al. Comparative study on virus shedding patterns in nasopharyngeal and fecal specimens of COVID-19 patients. Sci China Life Sci. 2021;64(3):486-488. doi:10.1007/s11427-020-1783-9
6. Zhang W, Du RH, Li B, et al. Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):386-389. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071
7. XW W, JS L, TK G, et al. Detection of RNA of SARS coronavirus in hospital sewage. Chinese. 2004;38(4):257-260.
8. Wang XW, Li J, Guo T, et al. Concentration and detection of SARS coronavirus in sewage from Xiao Tang Shan hospital and the 309th Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. Water Sci Technol. 2005;52(8):213-221. doi:10.2166/wst.2005.0266
9. Hart OE, Halden RU. Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730:138875. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138875
10. Bagutti C, Alt M, Heim P, Maurer L, Ilg E, Hübner P. Wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 shows high correlation with COVID-19 case numbers and allowed early detection of the first confirmed B . 1 . 1 . 529 infection in Switzerland : results of an observational surveillance study. Swiss Med Wkly. 2022;(June):1-7. doi:10.4414/SMW.2022.w30202
11. Rusiñol M, Zammit I, Itarte M, et al. Monitoring waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: Inferences from WWTPs of different sizes. Sci Total Environ. 2021;787. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147463
12. Kumar M, Patel AK, Shah A V., et al. First proof of the capability of wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 in India through detection of genetic material of SARS-CoV-2. Sci Total Environ. 2020;746. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141326
13. Medema G, Heijnen L, Elsinga G, Italiaander R, Brouwer A. Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in Sewage and Correlation with Reported COVID-19 Prevalence in the Early Stage of the Epidemic in the Netherlands. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2020;7(7):511-516. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00357
14. Wurtzer S, Marechal V, Jm M, et al. Time course quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Parisian wastewaters correlates with COVID-19 confirmed cases. medRxiv. 2020;(6):10-13.
15. Stoecklin SB, Rolland P, Silue Y, et al. First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: Surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020. Eurosurveillance. 2020;25(6). doi:10.2807/15607917.ES.2020.25.6.2000094
16. Wu F, Zhang J, Xiao A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Titers in Wastewater Are Higher than Expected. Am Soc Microbiol. 2020;5(July):1-9.
17. Peccia J, Zulli A, Brackney DE, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary municipal sewage sludge as a leading indicator of COVID-19 outbreak dynamics. medRxiv. 2020;1(203):2020.05.19.20105999. doi:10.1101/2020.05.19.20105999
18. Pecson BM, Darby E, Haas CN, et al. Reproducibility and sensitivity of 36 methods to quantify the SARS-CoV-2 genetic signal in raw wastewater: Findings from an interlaboratory methods evaluation in the U.S. Environ Sci Water Res Technol. 2021;7(3):504-520. doi:10.1039/d0ew00946f
19. Li L, Kantor A, Warne N. Application of a PEG precipitation method for solubility screening: A tool for developing high protein concentration formulations. Protein Sci. 2013;22(8):1118-1123. doi:10.1002/pro.2289
20. Lewis GD, Metcalf TG. Polyethylene glycol precipitation for recovery of pathogenic viruses, including hepatitis A virus and human rotavirus, from oyster, water, and sediment samples. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988;54(8):1983-1988. doi:10.1128/aem.54.8.1983-1988.1988
21. Kralik P, Ricchi M. A basic guide to real time PCR in microbial diagnostics: Definitions, parameters, and everything. Front Microbiol. 2017;8(FEB):1-9. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00108
22. SSI. National overvågning af SARS-CoV-2 i spildevandet. Published 2022. Accessed July 21, 2022. https://covid19.ssi.dk/overvagningsdata/overvaagning-af-sarscov2-i-spildevand
23. Casanova L, Rutala WA, Weber DJ, Sobsey MD. Survival of surrogate coronaviruses in water. Water Res. 2009;43(7):1893-1898. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.002
24. Gerrity D, Papp K, Stoker M, Sims A, Frehner W. Early-pandemic wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Nevada: Methodology, occurrence, and incidence/prevalence considerations. Water Res X. 2021;10:100086. doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100086
25. Medema G, Heijnen L, Elsinga G, Italiaander R, Brouwer A. Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in Sewage and Correlation with Reported COVID-19 Prevalence in the Early Stage of the Epidemic in The Netherlands. Environ Sci Technol. Published online 2020. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00357
26. Ager T. Styrelsen for Patientsikkerhed opfordrer alle i Nexø til at lade sig teste for COVID-19. Bornholmnyt.dk. https://bornholmnyt.dk/styrelsen-for-patientsikkerhed-opfordrer-alle-i-nexoe-til-at-lade-sig-teste-for-covid-19/. Published 2021.