Growth status of Adolescents with Diabetic Type 1 and its associated factors
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: childhood and adolescent growth is a good indicator of general health, and attaining normal growth speed is one of the goals of treating diabetic children. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) is well known to negatively affect growth. The aim of this study is to assess the growth parameter of diabetic adolescents and related factors.
Methods: The study was conducted at Shaheed Layla Qasim Diabetic Center in Erbil City during June 2022. 160 diabetic adolescent cases were enrolled as samples for the study. Growth was assessed by taking weight and height then plotted on Centers for Disease Control (CDC) growth charts, and a blood sample to was taken to determine glycemic control (HbA1C%).
Results: 160 children participated with mean age of 13.96 ± 1.8. Mean HbA1C was 9.9 ± 2.18 %. 73.8% had poor glycemic control. 33.8% of adolescents were stunted (stature-for-age) and 56.3% of them were underweight (BMI-for-age). There was a significant association between stunting and age group also underweight (BMI-for-age) with age and gender.
Conclusion: one-third of diabetic adolescents were of short stature, and most of them were underweight.
Keywords:
adolescent, type 1 diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin, growth
Article Details
How to Cite
QADIR, kaify Jamil.
Growth status of Adolescents with Diabetic Type 1 and its associated factors.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 7.1, july 2023.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4023>. Date accessed: 15 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.1.4023.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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24. Hussein SA, Ibrahim BA, Abdullah WH. Nutritional status of children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad: a case-control study. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2023 Feb;16(2):254.
25. Abed K, Bahir BH, Kadhum zeidan M. “Growth status of a sample of children with type 1 diabetes Mellitus in baghdad governorate”. Duhok Med J 2012 Des 6(1): 61-69
26. Zurita C, Dosta M, Villasís K, Rivera H, Garrido M, Nishimura M. “Pediatric patients with type 1-diabetes: growth and growth failure associated factors”. Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico. 2016; 73(3):174-80.
27. Hameida J, Billot L, Deschamps JP. Growth of preschool children in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: regional and sociodemographic differences. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 8 (4-5), 458-469, 2002. 2002.
28. Assar S, Riahi K, Bashirnezhad S, Yazdanpanah L, Latifi M. “The Relationship between Metabolic Control and Growth in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Southwest of Iran”. Scientifica. 5;2015.
29. Wong W, Cheng S, Leung F. “Sex differences in the growth of diabetic children”. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2000 Dec 1;50(3):187-93.
30. Grbavac I. Evaluacija rasta i razvoja djece oboljele od dijabetesa tipa 1 na klinici za dječje bolesti, kbc split u razdoblju od 2007. do 2014. godine (Doctoral dissertation, University of Split. School of Medicine.).
31. Luna R, Alvarez-Vazquez P, Hervas E., Casteras A, Méndez P, Paramo C, Garcia-Mayor V. “The role of diabetes duration, pubertal development and metabolic control in growth in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus”. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2005;18(12):1425-32.
2. International diabetes federation. (2022). IDF member(s) in Iraq. Available from: https://www.idf.org/our-network/regions-members/middle-east-and-north-africa/members/36-iraq.html. [Access at 21 August 2022]
3. DIAMOND Project Group. (2006). "Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990–1999." Diabetic Medicine23.8 857-866.
4. Kadhim M, Al-Kaseer A, Al-Zubaidi A.“Glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in post-conflict Iraq: a primary report”. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine. 2016; 58(3):273-5.
5. Almahfoodh D, Alabbood M, Alali A, Mansour A.“Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Basrah, Southern Iraq: A retrospective study”. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2017 Nov 1;133:104-8.
6. Anadolu Agency. Recorded diabetic patients at Shahid Layla Qasim diabetic center in Erbil. (2021). Available from: https://www.aa.com.tr/ks. [Access at 21 August 2022].
7. Paulino M, Lemos-Marini S, Guerra-Júnior G, Morcillo M. “Growth and body composition of a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes”. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia. 2013 Nov;57(8):623-31.
8. Csikszentmihalyi M. Adolescence. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/science/adolescence. [Access at 21 June 2021].
9. Baltadjiev A. “Growth Dynamics of the Chest in Children with Type 1 Diabetes”. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2010 Jan 1;24(sup1):356
10. Rohrer T, Stierkorb E, Heger S, Karges B, Raile K, Schwab O, Holl W. “Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdaten (DPV) Initiative. Delayed pubertal onset and development in German children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: cross-sectional analysis of recent data from the DPV diabetes documentation and quality management system”. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2007 Nov 1;157(5):647-53.
11. Dunger D, Ahmed L, Ong K. “Growth and body composition in type 1 diabetes mellitus”. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2002; 58(Suppl. 1):66-71.
12. Chiarelli F, Giannini C, Mohn A. (2004). “Growth, growth factors and diabetes. European journal of endocrinology. Nov 1;151(Suppl 3):U109-17.
13. Parthasarathy L, Khadilkar V, Chiplonkar S, Khadilkar A. “Longitudinal growth in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes”. Indian pediatrics. 2016 Nov 1;53(11):990-2.
14. Holl R, Grabert M, Heinze, E, Sorgo W, Debatin M. “Age at onset and long-term metabolic control affect height in type-1 diabetes mellitus”. European journal of pediatrics. 1998 Nov 1;157(12):972-7.
15. Elamin A, Hussein O, Tuvemo T. “Growth, puberty, and final height in children with Type 1 diabetes”. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2006 Jul 1;20(4):252-6.
16. Kanumakala S, Dabadghao P, Carlin JB, et al. Linear growth and height outcomes in children with early onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. A 10 year longitudinal study. Pediatr Diabetes 2002; 3: 89-193.
17. Assar KR, Bashirnezhad S, Yazdanpanah L, et al. The relationship between metabolic control and growth in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in southwest of Iran. Scientifica 2015; 1-5.
18. AL-Rubaee RJ. "Newly diagnosed type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Dhi-qar city (IRAQ) sociodemographic study." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) 10, no. 2 (2013): 53-62.
19. Ngwiri T, Were F, Predieri B, Ngugi P, Iughetti L. “Glycemic control in Kenyan children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus”. International journal of endocrinology. 2015;2015.
20. Demir K, Altıncık A, Abacı A, Büyükgebiz A, Böber E. “Growth of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus”. Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology. 2010 Jun;2(2):72.
21. Demirbilek H, Özbek N, Baran T. “Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Turkish children from the southeastern region of the country: a regional report”. Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology. 2013 Jun;5(2):98.
22. Kayirangwa A. Assessment of growth among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study of factors contributing to stunting (Doctoral dissertation, University of Rwanda). 2018.
23. Khadilkar V, Parthasarathy L, Mallade B, Khadilkar V, Chiplonkar A, Borade B. “Growth status of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism”. 2013 Nov;17(6):1057.
24. Hussein SA, Ibrahim BA, Abdullah WH. Nutritional status of children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad: a case-control study. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2023 Feb;16(2):254.
25. Abed K, Bahir BH, Kadhum zeidan M. “Growth status of a sample of children with type 1 diabetes Mellitus in baghdad governorate”. Duhok Med J 2012 Des 6(1): 61-69
26. Zurita C, Dosta M, Villasís K, Rivera H, Garrido M, Nishimura M. “Pediatric patients with type 1-diabetes: growth and growth failure associated factors”. Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico. 2016; 73(3):174-80.
27. Hameida J, Billot L, Deschamps JP. Growth of preschool children in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: regional and sociodemographic differences. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 8 (4-5), 458-469, 2002. 2002.
28. Assar S, Riahi K, Bashirnezhad S, Yazdanpanah L, Latifi M. “The Relationship between Metabolic Control and Growth in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Southwest of Iran”. Scientifica. 5;2015.
29. Wong W, Cheng S, Leung F. “Sex differences in the growth of diabetic children”. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2000 Dec 1;50(3):187-93.
30. Grbavac I. Evaluacija rasta i razvoja djece oboljele od dijabetesa tipa 1 na klinici za dječje bolesti, kbc split u razdoblju od 2007. do 2014. godine (Doctoral dissertation, University of Split. School of Medicine.).
31. Luna R, Alvarez-Vazquez P, Hervas E., Casteras A, Méndez P, Paramo C, Garcia-Mayor V. “The role of diabetes duration, pubertal development and metabolic control in growth in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus”. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2005;18(12):1425-32.