Elaborating the Effect of Financial Health on Personal Resilience: The Mediating Role of Mental Health of Indonesian Educator during Crisis Times
Main Article Content
Abstract
Educators are influential actors in a society, therefore the resilience of educators during the Covid-19 pandemic is important. This article attempts to discuss the personal resilience of educators and to examine the effect of physical, mental, and financial health on the personal resilience empirically. It’s about 648 educators who have participated as the respondents. They consist of teachers (42%), lecturers (41%), society facilitator (12%), and corporate trainer (5%). Most of them are female (58%), had age less than 46 years old (68%), had bachelor’s and master degree as educational background (68%), with more than five years of service (67%), and mostly live in East Java (65%). The obtained data were processed and analyzed by using PLS SEM and SmartPLS application. The results of the analysis explains that mental health plays a mediator role in the relationship between financial health and personal resilience. For establishing resilience of community during crisis times, it can be started with initiatives for improving or strengthening the mental health of the educators.
Keywords:
personal resilience, mental health, financial health
Article Details
How to Cite
SAPUTRA, Nopriadi.
Elaborating the Effect of Financial Health on Personal Resilience: The Mediating Role of Mental Health of Indonesian Educator during Crisis Times.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 7.1, july 2023.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4146>. Date accessed: 15 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.1.4146.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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38. Sholeh AN, Saputra N, Manurung AH. The Awareness of Islamic Law as a Spiritual Factor in Family Resilience and Parenting Quality During the Covid-19 Era. J Indones Islam. 2021;15(2):329-358. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2021.15.2.329-358.
39. Aloba O, Olabisi O, Aloba T. and correlates among student nurses in southwestern Nigeria. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2016;22(1):43-51.
40. Schat ACH, Kelloway EK, Desmarais S. The Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ): construct validation of a self-report scale of somatic symptoms. J Occup Health Psychol. 2005;10(4):363.
41. Britt SL, Klontz BT, Tibbetts R, Leitz L. The financial health of mental health professionals. J Financ Ther. Published online 2015.
42. Osofsky HJ, Weems CF, Graham RA, Osofsky JD, Hansel TC, King LS. Perceptions of resilience and physical health symptom improvement following post disaster integrated health services. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2019;13(2):223-229.
43. Ower C, Kemmler G, Vill T, et al. The effect of physical activity in an alpine environment on quality of life is mediated by resilience in patients with psychosomatic disorders and healthy controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019;269(5):543-553.
44. Gloria CT, Steinhardt MA. Relationships among positive emotions, coping, resilience and mental health. Stress Heal. 2016; 32(2):145-156.
45. Taylor M, Stevens G, Agho K, Raphael B. The impacts of household financial stress, resilience, social support, and other adversities on the psychological distress of Western Sydney parents. Int J Popul Res. 2017; 2017.
46. Wilson RS, Yu L, James BD, Bennett DA, Boyle PA. Association of financial and health literacy with cognitive health in old age. Aging, Neuropsychol Cogn. 2017;24(2):186-197.
47. Norman K, Otten L. Financial impact of sarcopenia or low muscle mass–A short review. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(4):1489-1495.
48. de Baca TC, Peña MSB, Slopen N, Williams D, Buring J, Albert MA. Financial strain and ideal cardiovascular health in middle-aged and older women: Data from the Women’s health study. Am Heart J. 2019;215:129-138.
49. Probst LF, Pucca GA, Pereira AC, Carli AD De. Impact of financial crises on oral health indicators: an integrative review of the literature. Cien Saude Colet. 2019;24:4437-4448.
50. Ng W, Russell Kua WS, Kang S-H. The relative importance of personality, financial satisfaction, and autonomy for different subjective well-being facets. J Psychol. 2019;153(7):680-700.
51. Kale HP, Carroll N V. Self‐reported financial burden of cancer care and its effect on physical and mental health‐related quality of life among US cancer survivors. Cancer. 2016;122(8):283-289.
52. Shippee TP, Wilkinson LR, Schafer MH, Shippee ND. Long-term effects of age discrimination on mental health: The role of perceived financial strain. Journals Gerontol Ser B. 2019;74(4):664-674.
53. Weissberger GH, Mosqueda L, Nguyen AL, et al. Physical and mental health correlates of perceived financial exploitation in older adults: Preliminary findings from the Finance, Cognition, and Health in Elders Study (FINCHES). Aging Ment Health. 2020;24(5):740-746.
54. Fiksenbaum L, Marjanovic Z, Greenglass E, Garcia-Santos F. Impact of economic hardship and financial threat on suicide ideation and confusion. J Psychol. 2017;151(5):477-495.
2. Baldwin R, Weder Di Mauro B. Economics in the Time of COVID-19. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Published online 2020.
3. Churiyah M, Sholikhan S, Filianti F, Sakdiyyah DA. Indonesia education readiness conducting distance learning in Covid-19 pandemic situation. Int J Multicult Multireligious Underst. 2020;7(6):491-507.
4. Batubara BM. The Problems of the World of Education in the Middle of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Budapest Int Res Critics Inst Humanit Soc Sci. 2021;4(1):450-457.
5. Abidah A, Hidaayatullaah HN, Simamora RM, Fehabutar D, Mutakinati L. The Impact of Covid-19 to Indonesian Education and Its Relation to the Philosophy of “Merdeka Belajar.” Stud Philos Sci Educ. 2020;1(1):38-49. doi:10.46627/sipose.v1i1.9
6. Davidson DJ. The applicability of the concept of resilience to social systems: some sources of optimism and nagging doubts. Soc Nat Resour. 2010;23(12):1135-1149.
7. Foster K, Roche M, Delgado C, Cuzzillo C, Giandinoto J, Furness T. Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of international literature. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2019;28(1):71-85.
8. Beltman S, Dobson MR, Mansfield CF, Jay J. ‘The thing that keeps me going’: educator resilience in early learning settings. Int J Early Years Educ. 2020;28(4):303-318.
9. Mansfield C, Papatraianou L, McDonough S, King L. Building resilience in times of uncertainty and complexity: Teacher educator perceptions of pre-service teacher resilience. In: Teacher Education in and for Uncertain Times. Springer; 2018:83-98.
10. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287(March):112934. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
11. Nurunnabi M, Almusharraf N, Aldeghaither D. Mental health and well-being during the covid-19 pandemic in higher education: Evidence from g20 countries. J Public health Res. 2020;9(S1):60-68. doi:10.4081/jphr.2020.2010
12. Zhu Q, Cheong Y, Wang C, Sun C. The roles of resilience, peer relationship, teacher–student relationship on student mental health difficulties during COVID-19. Sch Psychol. Published online 2021.
13. Serafini G, Parmigiani B, Amerio A, Aguglia A, Sher L, Amore M. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population. Published online 2020.
14. Nuryana Z, Xu W, Lu S. Students mental health during COVID-19: Comprehensive government and parental involvement in Indonesia. Asian J Psychiatr. 2022;74:103197.
15. Ren D, Wang L, Pan X, Bai Y, Xu Z. Building a strategic educator–psychiatrist alliance to support the mental health of students during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Glob Ment Heal. 2020;7(November 2019):2019-2021. doi:10.1017/gmh.2020.27
16. Luo D, Eicher M, White K. Individual resilience in adult cancer care: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;102:103467.
17. Howard R, Kirkley C, Baylis N. Personal resilience in psychiatrists: systematic review. BJPsych Bull. 2019;43(5):209-215.
18. Callahan D. The WHO definition of’health’. Hast Cent Stud. Published online 1973:77-87.
19. Card AJ. Moving beyond the WHO definition of health: A new perspective for an aging world and the emerging era of value‐based care. World Med Heal Policy. 2017;9(1):127-137.
20. Leonardi F. The definition of health: towards new perspectives. Int J Heal Serv. 2018;48(4):735-748.
21. Ohrnberger J, Fichera E, Sutton M. The relationship between physical and mental health: A mediation analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2017;195:42-49.
22. Oh H, Waldman K, Stickley A, DeVylder JE, Koyanagi A. Psychotic experiences and physical health conditions in the United States. Compr Psychiatry. 2019;90:1-6.
23. Carriedo A, Cecchini JA, Fernandez-Rio J, Méndez-Giménez A. COVID-19, psychological well-being and physical activity levels in older adults during the nationwide lockdown in Spain. Am J Geriatr psychiatry. 2020; 28(11):1146-1155.
24. Ryff CD. Psychological well-being in adult life. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 1995;4(4):99-104.
25. Fergusson DM, McLeod GFH, Horwood LJ, Swain NR, Chapple S, Poulton R. Life satisfaction and mental health problems (18 to 35 years). Psychol Med. 2015;45(11):2427-2436.
26. Puvill T, Lindenberg J, De Craen AJM, Slaets JPJ, Westendorp RGJ. Impact of physical and mental health on life satisfaction in old age: a population based observational study. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16:1-9.
27. Qiu S, Alizadeh A, Dooley LM, Zhang R. The effects of authentic leadership on trust in leaders, organizational citizenship behavior, and service quality in the Chinese hospitality industry. J Hosp Tour Manag. 2019;40(June): 77-87. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.06.004
28. Tamminen N, Reinikainen J, Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Borodulin K, Mäki-Opas T, Solin P. Associations of physical activity with positive mental health: A population-based study. Ment Health Phys Act. 2020;18:100319.
29. Loiwal M. 20% increase in patients with mental illness since coronavirus outbreak: Survey. India Today. 2020;31.
30. Li W, Yang Y, Liu Z-H, et al. Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1732.
31. Moukaddam N, Shah A. Psychiatrists beware! The impact of COVID-19 and pandemics on mental health. Psychiatr Times. 2020;37(3).
32. Yao H, Chen J-H, Xu Y-F. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Published online 2020.
33. Kumar A, Nayar KR. COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. J Ment Heal. 2021;30(1):1-2.
34. Lukat J, Margraf J, Lutz R, van der Veld WM, Becker ES. Psychometric properties of the positive mental health scale (PMH-scale). BMC Psychol. 2016;4(1):1-14.
35. Rudwan S, Alhashimia S. The relationship between resilience & mental health among a sample of university of nizwa students-sultanate of oman. Eur Sci J. 2018;14(2):288-303.
36. Weida EB, Phojanakong P, Patel F, Chilton M. Financial health as a measurable social determinant of health. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233359.
37. Bialowolski P, Weziak-Bialowolska D, Lee MT, Chen Y, VanderWeele TJ, McNeely E. The role of financial conditions for physical and mental health. Evidence from a longitudinal survey and insurance claims data. Soc Sci Med. 2021;281:114041.
38. Sholeh AN, Saputra N, Manurung AH. The Awareness of Islamic Law as a Spiritual Factor in Family Resilience and Parenting Quality During the Covid-19 Era. J Indones Islam. 2021;15(2):329-358. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2021.15.2.329-358.
39. Aloba O, Olabisi O, Aloba T. and correlates among student nurses in southwestern Nigeria. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2016;22(1):43-51.
40. Schat ACH, Kelloway EK, Desmarais S. The Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ): construct validation of a self-report scale of somatic symptoms. J Occup Health Psychol. 2005;10(4):363.
41. Britt SL, Klontz BT, Tibbetts R, Leitz L. The financial health of mental health professionals. J Financ Ther. Published online 2015.
42. Osofsky HJ, Weems CF, Graham RA, Osofsky JD, Hansel TC, King LS. Perceptions of resilience and physical health symptom improvement following post disaster integrated health services. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2019;13(2):223-229.
43. Ower C, Kemmler G, Vill T, et al. The effect of physical activity in an alpine environment on quality of life is mediated by resilience in patients with psychosomatic disorders and healthy controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019;269(5):543-553.
44. Gloria CT, Steinhardt MA. Relationships among positive emotions, coping, resilience and mental health. Stress Heal. 2016; 32(2):145-156.
45. Taylor M, Stevens G, Agho K, Raphael B. The impacts of household financial stress, resilience, social support, and other adversities on the psychological distress of Western Sydney parents. Int J Popul Res. 2017; 2017.
46. Wilson RS, Yu L, James BD, Bennett DA, Boyle PA. Association of financial and health literacy with cognitive health in old age. Aging, Neuropsychol Cogn. 2017;24(2):186-197.
47. Norman K, Otten L. Financial impact of sarcopenia or low muscle mass–A short review. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(4):1489-1495.
48. de Baca TC, Peña MSB, Slopen N, Williams D, Buring J, Albert MA. Financial strain and ideal cardiovascular health in middle-aged and older women: Data from the Women’s health study. Am Heart J. 2019;215:129-138.
49. Probst LF, Pucca GA, Pereira AC, Carli AD De. Impact of financial crises on oral health indicators: an integrative review of the literature. Cien Saude Colet. 2019;24:4437-4448.
50. Ng W, Russell Kua WS, Kang S-H. The relative importance of personality, financial satisfaction, and autonomy for different subjective well-being facets. J Psychol. 2019;153(7):680-700.
51. Kale HP, Carroll N V. Self‐reported financial burden of cancer care and its effect on physical and mental health‐related quality of life among US cancer survivors. Cancer. 2016;122(8):283-289.
52. Shippee TP, Wilkinson LR, Schafer MH, Shippee ND. Long-term effects of age discrimination on mental health: The role of perceived financial strain. Journals Gerontol Ser B. 2019;74(4):664-674.
53. Weissberger GH, Mosqueda L, Nguyen AL, et al. Physical and mental health correlates of perceived financial exploitation in older adults: Preliminary findings from the Finance, Cognition, and Health in Elders Study (FINCHES). Aging Ment Health. 2020;24(5):740-746.
54. Fiksenbaum L, Marjanovic Z, Greenglass E, Garcia-Santos F. Impact of economic hardship and financial threat on suicide ideation and confusion. J Psychol. 2017;151(5):477-495.