Language Preference and its Moderating Role in Coping with Stress: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Main Article Content
Abstract
Stress and stressful events are widely accepted risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, including coronary heart disease and diabetes. As language plays a seminal role in development and regulation of emotions and appraisals of stressful situations, it may contribute to documented differences in the stress-cardiometabolic disease association across ethnic groups. We investigated associations between language preferences (Spanish vs English) and downstream health consequences of stress. Using data from the Sociocultural Ancillary Study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we assessed the relationship between reported stress and risk factors (alcohol use, smoking, body mass index, depressive symptoms) and prevalence of self-reported (coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) and clinically assessed chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension) among 5154 Hispanic/Latino adults living in the US. Factor analysis was used to calculate a composite stress variable from participants’ self-reported chronic stress, perceived stress, and adverse childhood experiences. Sampling weights and survey methodology were integrated in all analyses to account for this study’s complex survey design. After controlling for sociodemographic factors (Hispanic/Latino background, study site, years in the US, social acculturation, education, income, age, sex), higher composite stress scores were associated with elevated risk factors and greater prevalence of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and COPD. Furthermore, the relationship between stress and COPD was significantly stronger among Hispanic/Latino adults who preferred to be interviewed in Spanish (compared to English). Stronger connections between stress and likelihood of drinking alcohol among English-preferring persons also emerged. These results are interpreted in light of the Hispanic health paradox and the role of cultural processes in the development of health risk factors and chronic conditions. Our findings can be integrated into relevant approaches to address health disparities within and across Hispanic/Latino populations in the US.
Article Details
How to Cite
GIANOLA, Morgan et al.
Language Preference and its Moderating Role in Coping with Stress: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 10, oct. 2023.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4625>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4625.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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2. Dimsdale JE. Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008;51(13):1237-1246.
3. Vega WA, Rodriguez MA, Gruskin E. Health disparities in the Latino population. Epidemiologic reviews. 2009;31(1):99-112.
4. Pickering T. Cardiovascular pathways: socioeconomic status and stress effects on hypertension and cardiovascular function. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999;896(1):262-277.
5. Schwartz AR, Gerin W, Davidson KW, et al. Toward a causal model of cardiovascular responses to stress and the development of cardiovascular disease. Psychosomatic medicine. 2003;65(1):22-35.
6. Mushtaq M, Najam N. Depression, anxiety, stress and demographic determinants of hypertension disease. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2014;30(6):1293.
7. Arnold SV, Smolderen KG, Buchanan DM, Li Y, Spertus JA. Perceived stress in myocardial infarction: long-term mortality and health status outcomes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2012;60(18):1756-1763.
8. Booth J, Connelly L, Lawrence M, et al. Evidence of perceived psychosocial stress as a risk factor for stroke in adults: a meta-analysis. BMC neurology. 2015;15(1):1-12.
9. Guan L, Collet J-P, Mazowita G, Claydon VE. Autonomic nervous system and stress to predict secondary ischemic events after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke: possible implications of heart rate variability. Frontiers in neurology. 2018;9:90.
10. Panaite V, Salomon K, Jin A, Rottenberg J. Cardiovascular recovery from psychological and physiological challenge and risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. Psychosomatic medicine. 2015;77(3):215.
11. Raposa EB, Bower JE, Hammen CL, Najman JM, Brennan PA. A developmental pathway from early life stress to inflammation: The role of negative health behaviors. Psychological science. 2014;25(6):1268-1274.
12. Baldwin JR, Caspi A, Meehan AJ, et al. Population vs individual prediction of poor health from results of adverse childhood experiences screening. JAMA pediatrics. 2021;175(4):385-393.
13. Llabre MM, Schneiderman N, Gallo LC, et al. Childhood trauma and adult risk factors and disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the US: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Psychosomatic medicine. 2017;79(2):172.
14. Scorza P, Corbeil T, Wall M, et al. Adverse childhood experiences and perceived stress in early adulthood in the context of disadvantage. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2022;131:105687.
15. Balfour Jr PC, Ruiz JM, Talavera GA, Allison MA, Rodriguez CJ. Cardiovascular disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. Journal of Latina/o psychology. 2016;4(2):98.
16. Gallo LC, Penedo FJ, Espinosa de los Monteros K, Arguelles W. Resiliency in the face of disadvantage: do Hispanic cultural characteristics protect health outcomes? Journal of personality. 2009;77(6):1707-1746.
17. Medina-Inojosa J, Jean N, Cortes-Bergoderi M, Lopez-Jimenez F. The Hispanic paradox in cardiovascular disease and total mortality. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 2014;57(3):286-292.
18. Montanez-Valverde R, McCauley J, Isasi R, et al. Revisiting the Latino Epidemiologic Paradox: an Analysis of Data from the All of Us Research Program. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2022/11/01 2022;37(15):4013-4014. doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07625-y
19. Berry JW. Stress perspectives on acculturation. The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. 2006;1:43-56.
20. Becerra D, Androff D, Messing JT, Castillo J, Cimino A. Linguistic acculturation and perceptions of quality, access, and discrimination in health care among Latinos in the United States. Social work in health care. 2015;54(2):134-157.
21. Hussain M, Howell JL, Peek MK, Stowe RP, Zawadzki MJ. Psychosocial stressors predict lower cardiovascular disease risk among Mexican-American adults living in a high-risk community: Findings from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. PloS one. 2021;16(10):e0257940.
22. Katiria Perez G, Cruess D. The impact of familism on physical and mental health among Hispanics in the United States. Health psychology review. 2014;8(1):95-127.
23. Landale NS, Oropesa RS. Hispanic families: Stability and change. Annu Rev Sociol. 2007;33:381-405.
24. Ruiz JM, Sbarra D, Steffen PR. Hispanic ethnicity, stress psychophysiology and paradoxical health outcomes: A review with conceptual considerations and a call for research. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2018;131:24-29.
25. Guerra ZC, Moore JR, Londoño T, Castro Y. Associations of acculturation and gender with obesity and physical activity among Latinos. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2022;46(3):324-336.
26. Tamí-Maury I, Aigner CJ, Rush S, et al. The association of smoking with English and Spanish language use as a proxy of acculturation among Mexican-Americans. Journal of immigrant and minority health. 2017;19:1156-1162.
27. Abraído-Lanza AF, Chao MT, Flórez KR. Do healthy behaviors decline with greater acculturation?: Implications for the Latino mortality paradox. Social science & medicine. 2005;61(6):1243-1255.
28. Thomson MD, Hoffman-Goetz L. Defining and measuring acculturation: a systematic review of public health studies with Hispanic populations in the United States. Social science & medicine. 2009;69(7):983-991.
29. Cole PM, Armstrong LM, Pemberton CK. The role of language in the development of emotion regulation. 2010;
30. Dodds PS, Clark EM, Desu S, et al. Human language reveals a universal positivity bias. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 2015;112(8):2389-2394.
31. Llabre MM. Insight into the Hispanic paradox: the language hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2021;16(6):1324-1336.
32. Cieślicka AB, Guerrero BL. Emotion Word Processing in Immersed Spanish-English/English-Spanish Bilinguals: An ERP Study. Languages. 2023;8(1):42.
33. Ivaz L, Costa A, Duñabeitia JA. The emotional impact of being myself: Emotions and foreign-language processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2016;42(3):489.
34. Gianola M, Llabre MM, Losin EAR. Effects of language context and cultural identity on the pain experience of Spanish–English bilinguals. Affective Science. 2021;2(2):112-127.
35. Anderson KF, Finch JK. The role of racial microaggressions, stress, and acculturation in understanding Latino health outcomes in the USA. Race and Social Problems. 2017;9:218-233.
36. Jimenez N, Dansie E, Buchwald D, Goldberg J. Pain among older Hispanics in the United States: Is acculturation associated with pain? Pain Medicine. 2013;14(8):1134-1139.
37. Cheng EM, Chen A, Cunningham W. Primary language and receipt of recommended health care among Hispanics in the United States. Journal of general internal medicine. 2007;22:283-288.
38. Coups EJ, Stapleton JL, Hudson SV, et al. linguistic acculturation and skin cancer–related behaviors among Hispanics in the Southern and Western United States. JAMA dermatology. 2013;149(6):679-686.
39. Mansyur CL, Rustveld LO, Nash SG, Jibaja-Weiss ML. Hispanic acculturation and gender differences in support and self-efficacy for managing diabetes. The Diabetes Educator. 2016;42(3):315-324.
40. Isasi CR, Parrinello CM, Jung MM, et al. Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity and diet quality in Hispanic/Latino adults. Ann Epidemiol. Feb 2015;25(2):84-9. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.002
41. Trifan G, Gallo L, Lamar M, et al. Association of Unfavorable Social Determinants of Health With Stroke/TIA and Vascular Risk Factors: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Circulation. 2022;146(Suppl_1):A10664-A10664.
42. Jürges H. True health vs response styles: exploring cross‐country differences in self‐reported health. Health economics. 2007;16(2):163-178.
43. Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Virtanen M, Klaukka T, Vahtera J. Self-report as an indicator of incident disease. Annals of epidemiology. 2010;20(7):547-554.
44. Frei A, Siebeling L, Wolters C, et al. The inaccuracy of patient recall for COPD exacerbation rate estimation and its implications: results from central adjudication. Chest. 2016;150(4):860-868.
45. Daviglus ML, Pirzada A, Durazo‐Arvizu R, et al. Prevalence of low cardiovascular risk profile among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States by age, sex, and level of acculturation: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016;5(8):e003929.
46. LaVange LM, Kalsbeek WD, Sorlie PD, et al. Sample design and cohort selection in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Annals of epidemiology. 2010;20(8):642-649.
47. Sorlie PD, Avilés-Santa LM, Wassertheil-Smoller S, et al. Design and implementation of the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. Annals of epidemiology. 2010;20(8):629-641.
48. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied psychological measurement. 1977;1(3):385-401.
49. Gallo LC, Penedo FJ, Carnethon M, et al. The Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos sociocultural ancillary study: Sample, design, and procedures. Ethnicity & disease. 2014;24(1):77.
50. Marin G, Sabogal F, Marin BV, Otero-Sabogal R, Perez-Stable EJ. Development of a short acculturation scale for Hispanics. Hispanic journal of behavioral sciences. 1987;9(2):183-205.
51. Perera MJ, Brintz CE, Birnbaum-Weitzman O, et al. Factor structure of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS) across English and Spanish language responders in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Psychological assessment. 2017;29(3):320.
52. American Diabetes Association. American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes–2017. Diabetes care. 2017;40(Suppl. 1):S1.
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