The Effect of Healthcare Workers' Suffering Violence on their Organizational Commitment During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Türkiye
Main Article Content
Hüseyin ERİŞ
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1685-9819
Hasan BÜYÜKASLAN
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-7347
Feray BUCAK
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-8310
Aslı KAYA
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-3868
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1685-9819
Hasan BÜYÜKASLAN
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-7347
Feray BUCAK
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-8310
Aslı KAYA
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-3868
Abstract
Purpose: The rate of violence that increased in the healthcare sector in recent years increased more during the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation caused several problems like depression, anxiety, and professional and organizational commitment among healthcare workers. This study aims to determine whether healthcare workers who worked for State and Private Hospitals in Şanlıurfa, Turkey, suffered any type of violence (verbal, physical, and sexual) at least one time during the pandemic and the effect of this incident on the organizational commitment level of healthcare workers.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between 01.02.2022 and 30.05.2022, and 408 healthcare workers on duty participated and completed the questionnaire.
Results: 70.6% of the healthcare workers stated they suffered violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. When examining the type of violence that healthcare workers suffered, 52.9% of them stated they suffered verbal violence, 4.2% of them stated they suffered physical violence, and 24% of those stated they suffered both verbal and physical violence. The rate of those who did not suffer violence was 18.9%.
Conclusion: That the regression coefficient was negative means that there was a negative relationship between the level of violence and the loyalty of workers; as the level of violence increased, the level of worker loyalty decreased, or similarly, as the level of violence decreased, the level of worker loyalty increased. In other words, it was expected that a 1-unit decrease in the level of violence would lead to a 0.260-unit increase in the level of worker loyalty.
Keywords:
Healthcare Workers, Violence, Organizational Commitment, Covid-19
Article Details
How to Cite
ERİŞ, Hüseyin et al.
The Effect of Healthcare Workers' Suffering Violence on their Organizational Commitment During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Türkiye.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 11, nov. 2023.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4702>. Date accessed: 16 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i11.4702.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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19. Dopelt, K.; Davidovitch, N.; Stupak, A.; Ben Ayun, R.; Lev Eltsufin, A.; Levy, C.Workplace Violence against Hospital Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel: Implications for Public Health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084659
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21. Bitencourt MR, Alarcão ACJ, Silva LL, Dutra AdC, Caruzzo NM, Roszkowski I, et al. Predictors of violence against health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: A crosssectional study. PLoS ONE 2021;16(6): e0253398. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253398
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23. Xie XM, Zhao YJ, An FR, Zhang QE, Yu HY, Yuan Z, Cheung T, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Workplace violence and its association with quality of life among mental health professionals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Mar;135:289-293. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.023. Epub 2021 Jan 20. PMID: 33516081; PMCID: PMC7817476.
24. Hamzaoğlu. N. Türk. B. “Prevalence of Physical and Verbal Violence Against Health Care Workers in Turkey”. International Journal of Health Services, 2019; 49(4), 844– 861. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731419859828
25. M. Hadavi, Z. Ghomian, F. Mohammadi et al., Workplace violence against health care workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Safety Research, 2023; 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.01.001
26. Ahmed Arafa, Ahmed Shehata, Mohamed Youssef & Shaimaa Senosy. Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from Egypt, Archives of Environmental&Occupational Health, 2022; 77(8). 621-627,
DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854
27. Bhatti OA, Rauf H, Aziz N, Martins RS, Khan JA. Violence against Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Incidents from a Lower-Middle-Income Country. Annals of Global Health. 2021; 87(1): 41, 1–11. DOI: https://doi. org/10.5334/aogh.3203
28. Byon, H. D., Sagherian, K., Kim, Y., Lipscomb, J., Crandall, M., and Steege, L. Nurses’ experience with type ii workplace violence and underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Workplace Health Saf. 2021; 70(9). 21650799211031233. https://doi.org/10.1177/21650799211031
29. Ramzi ZS, Fatah PW and Dalvandi A. Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Psychol. 2022; 13:896156. https://doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.896156
30. Vento S, Cainelli F and Vallone A. Violence Against Healthcare Workers: A Worldwide Phenomenon With Serious Consequences. Front. Public Health. 2020; 8:570459. https://doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.570459
31. Alfuqaha, O.A.; Albawati, N.M.; Alhiary, S.S.; Alhalaiqa, F.N.; Haha, M.F.F.; Musa, S.S.; Shunnar, O.; AL Thaher, Y. Workplace Violence among Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Health Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav. Sci., 2022; 12, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12040106
32. Özkan Şat, S., Akbaş, P. and Yaman Sözbir, Ş. Nurses' exposure to violence and their professional commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Nurs, 2021; 30: 2036-2047. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15760
33. D. Tengilimoglu Et Al. , "The Effect of the Mobbing on Organizational Commitment in the Hospital Setting: A Field Study," JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH , 2010; 36(2), pp.128-141, 2010
34. Andersen LP, Elklit A, Pihl-Thingvad J. Work-related violence and organizational commitment among health care workers: does supervisor's support make a difference? Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021 Oct;94(7):1645-1657. doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01749-0. Epub 2021 Aug 10. PMID: 34374867.
35. Dursun. S., Aytaç. S., Akıncı. F. S. A Research ın Violince Related to Profession, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2021;1
36. Öztürk. Y., Kıraç. F. Ç., Yılmazsoy. B. Job Satisfaction in Health Workers of Workplace violence and Impact on Organizational Commitment, 2018; 2nd International 12th National Congress on Health and Hospital Administration.
37. Andersen LP, Elklit A, Pihl-Thingvad J. Work-related violence and organizational commitment among health care workers: does supervisor's support make a difference? Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021;94(7):1645-1657. doi:10.1007/s00420-021-01749-0. Epub 2021 Aug 10. PMID: 34374867.
38. Bayraktar, T. and Özkan, Y.. The Effect of Workplace Violence on Occupational Commitment: A Study in Health Sector, International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 2018; 9(33), pp. (1843-1859) (6).
39. Özgüç A, Toprak Ergönen A. COVID-19 sürecinde sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet. Toprak Ergönen A, editör. Adli Tıp ve COVID-19. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. p.43-8.
40. Akça, N., Kaya, M., & Sönmez, S. Pandemi döneminin sağlık çalışanına yönelik şiddet olaylarına etkisi: Yazılı basın üzerine bir araştırma. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2022; 12(24), 178-191.
2. Liu J, Gan Y, Jiang H, et al. Prevalence of workplace violence against healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2019;76:927-937.
3. Lim MC, Jeffree MS, Saupin SS, Giloi N, Lukman KA. Workplace violence in healthcare settings: The risk factors, implications and collaborative preventive measures. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 May 13;78:103727. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103727. PMID: 35734684; PMCID: PMC9206999.
4. Jenny Jakobsson, Malin Axelsson, Karin Örmon, "The Face of Workplace Violence: Experiences of Healthcare Professionals in Surgical Hospital Wards", Nursing Research and Practice, vol. 2020, Article ID 1854387, 10 pages, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1854387
5. H. Ataman and G. Aba. Vıolence Agaınst Health Care Workers: A Retrospectıve Study, International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 2016; 1 (1), pp. 20-27, doi:10.23884/ijhsrp.2016.1.1.03
6. Yıldız, M. S. Türkiye’de Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Şiddet: Ankara İlinde Araştırma. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 2019; 22(1): 135-156
7. Khan, M.N., Haq, Z.U., Khan, M. et al. Prevalence and determinants of violence against health care in the metropolitan city of Peshawar: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21, 330. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10243-8
8. Yeşilbaş. H. Sağlıkta Şiddete Genel Bir bakış, 2021; 1(3), doi:10.5222/SHYD.2016.044
9. World Health Organisation. Violence against health workers. 2020; 29/06/2020. https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/workplace/en/#:~:text=Violence%20against%20health%20 workers%20is,health%2Dcare%20provision%20at%20risk Access Date: 02.06.2023
10. Bıçkıcı, F. Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Şiddet ve Neden Olan Faktörler: Bir Devlet Hastanesi Örneği . Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Dergisi , 2013; 5(1), 43-56. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/spkd/issue/29273/313442
11. Şahin, Ö. & Yıldırım, E. Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Şiddet Ve Neden Olan Faktörler: Üniversite Hastanesi Örneği. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2020; 3 (1), 7-14. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/neufhsj/issue/55814/755231
12. Çankaya, M.. & Çiftçi, G.E. Hastane Çalışanlarının Toksik Liderlik ve Örgütsel Sinizm Algılarının Örgütsel Bağlılıklarına Etkisi. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 2020; 23(2): 273-298
13. Çöl. G. (2004) Örgütsel Bağlılık Kavramı ve Benzer Kavramlarla İlişkisi, İş,Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi. 2004; 6(2) 233
14. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1996; 49(3), 252-276.
15. Eriş. H., Küçüközkan. Y., Arslan. B, “Organisational commitment level of subcontracted labourers working at public hospitals Case of Sanliurfa,” MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM, 2017; 3(3), pp. 22–35
16. Dee, J. R., Henkin, A. B., & Singleton, C. A. Organizational commitment of teachers in urban schools: Examining the effects of team structures. Urban Education, 2006; 41(6), 603–627.
17. Bitencourt MR, Alarcão ACJ, Silva LL, Dutra AdC, Caruzzo NM, Roszkowski I, et al. Predictors of violence against health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: A crosssectional study. PLoS ONE 2021;16(6): e0253398. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253398
18. Brigo. F., Zaboli. A., Rella. E, Sibilio. S, Canelles. M.F., Magnarelli. G., Pfeifer. N., Turcato. G., The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on temporal trends of workplace violence against healthcare workers in the emergency department, Health Policy, 2022; 26(11), Pages 1110-1116,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.09.010.
19. Dopelt, K.; Davidovitch, N.; Stupak, A.; Ben Ayun, R.; Lev Eltsufin, A.; Levy, C.Workplace Violence against Hospital Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel: Implications for Public Health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084659
20. Erceylan, N. Yöneticilerin Liderlik Davranışlarının Çalışanların Örgütsel Bağlılıkları Üzerindeki Etkileri Ve Bir Araştırma (Yüksek Lisans tezi). 2010. İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.
21. Bitencourt MR, Alarcão ACJ, Silva LL, Dutra AdC, Caruzzo NM, Roszkowski I, et al. Predictors of violence against health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: A crosssectional study. PLoS ONE 2021;16(6): e0253398. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253398
22. Abdalkarem F. Alsharari, Hana M. Abu-Snieneh, Fuad H. Abuadas, Nahed E. Elsabagh, Abdulellah Althobaity, Farhan F. Alshammari, Mohammed S. Alshmemri, Ammar M. Aroury, Arab Q. Alkhadam, Suliman S. Alatawi. Workplace violence towards emergency nurses: A cross-sectional multicenter study, Australasian Emergency Care, 2022; 25(1) 48-54, ISSN 2588-994X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2021.01.004.
23. Xie XM, Zhao YJ, An FR, Zhang QE, Yu HY, Yuan Z, Cheung T, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Workplace violence and its association with quality of life among mental health professionals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Mar;135:289-293. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.023. Epub 2021 Jan 20. PMID: 33516081; PMCID: PMC7817476.
24. Hamzaoğlu. N. Türk. B. “Prevalence of Physical and Verbal Violence Against Health Care Workers in Turkey”. International Journal of Health Services, 2019; 49(4), 844– 861. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731419859828
25. M. Hadavi, Z. Ghomian, F. Mohammadi et al., Workplace violence against health care workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Safety Research, 2023; 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.01.001
26. Ahmed Arafa, Ahmed Shehata, Mohamed Youssef & Shaimaa Senosy. Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from Egypt, Archives of Environmental&Occupational Health, 2022; 77(8). 621-627,
DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854
27. Bhatti OA, Rauf H, Aziz N, Martins RS, Khan JA. Violence against Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Incidents from a Lower-Middle-Income Country. Annals of Global Health. 2021; 87(1): 41, 1–11. DOI: https://doi. org/10.5334/aogh.3203
28. Byon, H. D., Sagherian, K., Kim, Y., Lipscomb, J., Crandall, M., and Steege, L. Nurses’ experience with type ii workplace violence and underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Workplace Health Saf. 2021; 70(9). 21650799211031233. https://doi.org/10.1177/21650799211031
29. Ramzi ZS, Fatah PW and Dalvandi A. Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Psychol. 2022; 13:896156. https://doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.896156
30. Vento S, Cainelli F and Vallone A. Violence Against Healthcare Workers: A Worldwide Phenomenon With Serious Consequences. Front. Public Health. 2020; 8:570459. https://doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.570459
31. Alfuqaha, O.A.; Albawati, N.M.; Alhiary, S.S.; Alhalaiqa, F.N.; Haha, M.F.F.; Musa, S.S.; Shunnar, O.; AL Thaher, Y. Workplace Violence among Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Health Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav. Sci., 2022; 12, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12040106
32. Özkan Şat, S., Akbaş, P. and Yaman Sözbir, Ş. Nurses' exposure to violence and their professional commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Nurs, 2021; 30: 2036-2047. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15760
33. D. Tengilimoglu Et Al. , "The Effect of the Mobbing on Organizational Commitment in the Hospital Setting: A Field Study," JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH , 2010; 36(2), pp.128-141, 2010
34. Andersen LP, Elklit A, Pihl-Thingvad J. Work-related violence and organizational commitment among health care workers: does supervisor's support make a difference? Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021 Oct;94(7):1645-1657. doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01749-0. Epub 2021 Aug 10. PMID: 34374867.
35. Dursun. S., Aytaç. S., Akıncı. F. S. A Research ın Violince Related to Profession, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2021;1
36. Öztürk. Y., Kıraç. F. Ç., Yılmazsoy. B. Job Satisfaction in Health Workers of Workplace violence and Impact on Organizational Commitment, 2018; 2nd International 12th National Congress on Health and Hospital Administration.
37. Andersen LP, Elklit A, Pihl-Thingvad J. Work-related violence and organizational commitment among health care workers: does supervisor's support make a difference? Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021;94(7):1645-1657. doi:10.1007/s00420-021-01749-0. Epub 2021 Aug 10. PMID: 34374867.
38. Bayraktar, T. and Özkan, Y.. The Effect of Workplace Violence on Occupational Commitment: A Study in Health Sector, International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 2018; 9(33), pp. (1843-1859) (6).
39. Özgüç A, Toprak Ergönen A. COVID-19 sürecinde sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet. Toprak Ergönen A, editör. Adli Tıp ve COVID-19. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. p.43-8.
40. Akça, N., Kaya, M., & Sönmez, S. Pandemi döneminin sağlık çalışanına yönelik şiddet olaylarına etkisi: Yazılı basın üzerine bir araştırma. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2022; 12(24), 178-191.