"Exploring Diverse Presentations of extra nodal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Study of Clinical Staging, Treatment, and Controversies.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Lymphoma involves abnormal lymphoid cell growth, often originating in lymphatic tissue, but in this case series non-Hodking's lymphoma is visible in the extra-nodal region. This research explores different lymphoma cases, focusing on diverse presentations and utilizing modern imaging for evaluation. Four cases are detailed, involving an 18-year-old woman with tonsillar lymphoma, a 69-year-old man with ocular lymphoma, a 38-year-old lady with abdominal lymphoma, and a 30-year-old man with gastric lymphoma. All cases received adjuvant chemotherapy (RCHOP), leading to significant symptom relief after four cycles.
The discussion highlights the debate surrounding the classification of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), challenging the existing Ann Arbor classification's applicability.
A major challenge in managing primary extranodal lymphomas is the absence of specific treatment guidelines. Evaluation criteria, defining complete response as the disappearance of all evidence of the disease, guided the study. In conclusion, this case series underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing, staging, and managing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Despite challenges in defining and treating primary extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in providing relief, as all the cases revealed recovery after 4 continuous cycles of chemotherapy.
Article Details
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
2. Jayakrishnan R, Thomas G, Kumar A, Nair R. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the hard palate. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2008; 12:85–7. [Google Scholar]
3. Czuczman MS, Grillo-López AJ, White CA, Saleh M, Gordon L, LoBuglio AF, et al. Treatment of patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma with the combination of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and CHOP chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 1999; 17:268–76. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
4. Epstein JB, Epstein JD, Le ND, Gorsky M. Characteristics of oral and paraoral malignant lymphoma: A population-based review of 361 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001; 92:519–25. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
5. Jaradat JM, Potluri A, Bilodeau EA. B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma: Report of a case in the oral cavity. Indian J Dent Res. 2013; 24:384–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Akshay N, Anupama S, Ajay Kumar S, Sanjeev Kumar S, Girish Chandra S. Primary Lymphoma of Liver Showing Non-Hodgkin’s B Cell Lymphoma. A Case Report. J Cancer Sci Ther. 2012; 4: 010-011. doi:10.4172/1948-5956.1000103.
7. Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 2001; Vol 3, 3rd ed. Lyon: IARC.
8. Bhattacharya B, Choudhury K, Chattopadhyay B, Mitra D. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A retrospective analysis of its clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in a tertiary cancer center of eastern India. Clin Cancer Investig J. 2013; 2(3):218-22. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-0513.119269Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M. Report of the Committee on Hodgkin's Disease Staging Classification. Cancer Res. 1971 Nov; 31(11):1860-1. PMID: 5121694.
9. Rosenberg SA. Validity of the Ann Arbor staging classification for the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977; 61(6): 1023-7. PMID: 902260.
10. Bruce D. Cheson, Richard I. Fisher, Sally F. Barrington, Franco Cavalli, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Emanuele Zucca, and T Andrew Lister. Recommendations for Initial Evaluation, Staging, and Response Assessment of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Lugano Classification. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014; 32:27, 3059-3067
11. Musshoff K. Klinische Stadieneinteilung der Nicht-Hodgkin-Lymphome [Clinical staging classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)]. Strahlentherapie. 1977; 153(4) :218-21. German. PMID: 857349.
12. Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M. Report of the committee on Hodgkin’s disease staging classification. Cancer Res. 1971; 31:1860-1861.