The Redox Stress Test: A novel technique reveals oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease
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Feb 2, 2024
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Abstract
A novel Redox Stress Test has been developed to identify symptoms of diseases associated with oxidative stress by observing symptom changes induced by short-term activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, to restore redox homeostasis. The Nrf2 pathway is triggered by a herbal preparation, Broccoli Seed Tea, developed to deliver a therapeutic dose of highly bioavailable sulforaphane, a potent activator of Nrf2. We discuss the rationale behind the tea and describe the methods used to optimise the bioavailability of sulforaphane to match the pharmacodynamics of Nrf2 activation. When consumed by people with Parkinson’s disease, the Redox Stress Test induced powerful and concurrent attenuation of a diverse group of Parkinson’s non-motor symptoms, including fatigue, constipation and urinary urgency. Motor symptoms were strictly unaffected. This observation indicates that oxidative stress may be a common factor contributing to non-motor symptoms involving sites in the CNS and peripheral organs. We tentatively interpret the results in terms of a hypothetical model for Parkinson’s Syndrome which we describe as a multisystem redox disorder with reservoirs of the disease in peripheral organs as well as in the brain. Eliminating the disease in peripheral organs is therefore a prerequisite to stopping disease progression in the brain. According to this model, the redox disorder in the brain provokes progressive neurological damage, which is not recognised as such in the early years. More specific neurological symptoms only come to light many years later, when damage to dopaminergic neurons creates a dopamine deficiency which eventually exceeds the threshold required for normal motor control, generating a new coherent group of neurological symptoms which define movement disorder. Given the apparent ease with which oxidative stress can be quenched in several locations simultaneously, we briefly discuss possible implications for public health, medical research, patients and patient advocacy groups. We note that the Redox Stress Test may have the potential to explore symptoms of other diseases where oxidative stress is believed to play a major role, although this remains subject to validation by further research.
Article Details
How to Cite
WRIGHT, Albert F.
The Redox Stress Test: A novel technique reveals oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 1, feb. 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4955>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i1.4955.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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2. Cobley JN, Fiorello ML, Bailey DM. 13 reasons why the brain is susceptible to oxidative stress. Redox Biol. 2018;15:490-503. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.008
3. Dias V, Junn E, Mouradian MM. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease. 2013;3(4):461-491. doi:10.3233/JPD-130230
4. Zhou C, Huang Y, Przedborski S. Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008;1147(1):93-104. doi:https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1427.023
5. Wright AF. A pilot study of a broccoli-seed tea by eight Parkinson’s disease patients. Published online 2021. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.12812.03207/2
6. Luo J, Mills K, le Cessie S, Noordam R, van Heemst D. Ageing, age-related diseases and oxidative stress: What to do next? Ageing Research Reviews. 2020;57:100982. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100982
7. Schmidlin CJ, Dodson MB, Madhavan L, Zhang DD. Redox regulation by NRF2 in aging and disease. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2019;134:702-707. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.016
8. Ngo V, Duennwald ML. Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress: A General Overview of Mechanisms and Implications in Human Disease. Antioxidants. 2022;11(12):2345. doi:10.3390/antiox11122345
9. Giguère N, Burke Nanni S, Trudeau LE. On Cell Loss and Selective Vulnerability of Neuronal Populations in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Neurol. 2018;9. doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00455
10. Nicoletti V, Palermo G, Del Prete E, Mancuso M, Ceravolo R. Understanding the Multiple Role of Mitochondria in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders: Lesson From Genetics and Protein–Interaction Network. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;0. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.636506
11. Brown TP, Rumsby PC, Capleton AC, Rushton L, Levy LS. Pesticides and Parkinson’s disease--is there a link? Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(2):156-164. doi:10.1289/ehp.8095
12. Cao F, Souders Ii CL, Perez-Rodriguez V, Martyniuk CJ. Elucidating Conserved Transcriptional Networks Underlying Pesticide Exposure and Parkinson’s Disease: A Focus on Chemicals of Epidemiological Relevance. Front Genet. 2018;9:701. doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00701
13. Chin-Chan M, Navarro-Yepes J, Quintanilla-Vega B. Environmental pollutants as risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9. doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00124
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