Veterinarians’ Use and Perceptions of Information and Communication Technologies
Main Article Content
Abstract
In order to better understand how Information and Communication Technologies are used in veterinary practice settings, 967 veterinarians were surveyed through VIN (veterinary information network). The most commonly used ICTs were the telephone and e-mail. Younger participants were more comfortable using text messaging, Skype, Facebook and blogging than older veterinarians. Most participants reported that their clinic requires a physical exam prior to electronic or phone consultations, and stated that they spent 1-5 hours per week providing these consultations, which are usually not billed to clients. Veterinarians under 39 years of age were least likely to report engaging in consultations after hours or on weekends. Veterinarians over 60 years of age were more likely to endorse the use of electronic or phone consultations for common clinical scenarios than their younger counterparts. Older veterinarians also endorsed the use of remote sensing devices to monitor patient health more frequently than their younger counterparts.
Article Details
How to Cite
KOGAN, Lori R et al.
Veterinarians’ Use and Perceptions of Information and Communication Technologies.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 2, july 2016.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/502>. Date accessed: 27 dec. 2024.
Keywords
veterinary practice, telemedicine, remote sensing devices, alternate modes of communication
Section
Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
Anderson, M. (2015). 6 facts about Americans and their smartphones. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/01/6-facts-about-americans-and-their-smartphones/
Baptist, A. P., Thompson, M., Grossman, K. S., Mohammed, L., Sy, A., & Sanders, G. M. (2011). Social media, text messaging, and email-preferences of asthma patients between 12 and 40 years old. The Journal of Asthma: Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 48(8), 824-830. doi:10.3109/02770903.2011.608460
Blackwell, M. J. (2001). Beyond philosophical differences: The future training of veterinarians. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 28(3), 148-152. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=11721241&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Bowen, J. L. (2006). Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. The New England Journal of Medicine, 355(21), 2217-2225. doi:10.1056/NEJMra054782
Boyd, D. (2007). Social network sites: Public, private, or what? Knowledge Tree, 13(1), 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.danah.org/papers/KnowledgeTree.pdf
Brown, J. P., & Silverman, J. D. (1999). The current and future market for veterinarians and veterinary medical services in the United States. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215(2), 161-183.
Burns, G. A., Ruby, K. L., Debowes, R. M., Seaman, S. J., & Brannan, J. K. (2006). Teaching non-technical (professional) competence in a veterinary school curriculum. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 33(2), 301-308. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lah&AN=20063162873&site=ehost-live&scope=site; http://www.jvmeonline.org
Crotty, B. H., Tamrat, Y., Mostaghimi, A., Safran, C., & Landon, B. E. (2014). Patient-to-physician messaging: Volume nearly tripled as more patients joined system, but per capita rate plateaued. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 33(10), 1817-1822. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1145
Duggan, M., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., Lenhart, A. & Madden, M. (2015a). Demographics of key social networking platforms.
Duggan, M., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., Lenhart, A., & Madden, M. (2015b). Social media update 2014. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/01/PI_SocialMediaUpdate20144.pdf
Duggan, M., & Smith, A. (2013). Social media update 2013: 42% of online adults use multiple social networking sites, but Facebook remains the platform of choice. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/12/30/social-media-update-2013/
Farnan, J. M., Snyder Sulmasy, L., Worster, B. K., Chaudhry, H. J., Rhyne, J. A., & Arora, V. M. (2013). Online medical professionalism: Patient and public relationships: Policy statement from the American college of physicians and the Federation of State Medical Boards. Annals of Internal Medicine, 158(8), 620-627. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00100
Fox, S., & Rainie, L. (2014). The Web at 25 in the U.S. The overall verdict: The Internet has been a plus for society and an especially good thing for individual users. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/02/27/the-web-at-25-in-the-u-s/
Hughes, N. (2015). Fitness tracker users are older & richer, early smartwatch adopters mostly young men, survey finds. Retrieved from http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/01/06/fitness-tracker-users-are-older-richer-early-smartwatch-adopters-mostly-young-men-survey-finds
Husain, I., & Spence, D. (2015). Can healthy people benefit from health apps? BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 350, h1887-h1887. doi:10.1136/bmj.h1887
iHealthBeat. (2013). What types of online tools and services do health care providers offer to their patients? Retrieved from http://www.ihealthbeat.org/picture-of-health/2013/what-types-of-online-tools-and-services-do-health-care-providers-offer-to-their-patients
Interactive, H. (2002). Patient/physician online communication: many patients want it, would pay for it, and it would influence their choice of doctors and health plans. Health Care News, 2(8), 1-3.
Jayanthi, A. (2014). 93% of adult patients want e-mail communication with physicians. Retrieved from http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/93-of-adult-patients-want-e-mail-communication-with-physicians.html
Katz, S. J., Nissan, N., & Moyer, C. A. (2004). Crossing the digital divide: Evaluating online communication between patients and their providers. The American Journal of Managed Care, 10(9), 593-598. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=15515991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Kogan, L. R., Hellyer, P. W., Stewart, S. M., & Dowers, K. L. (2015). Recruitment and hiring strategies of private practitioners and implications for practice management training of veterinary students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 42(2), 97-106. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lah&AN=20153267350&site=ehost-live&scope=site; http://www.jvmeonline.org
Kogan, L. R., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Simon, A. A., & Viera, A. R. (2010). The Internet and pet health information: Perceptions and behaviors of pet owners and veterinarians. Internet Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8(1). Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lah&AN=20113114932&site=ehost-live&scope=site; http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_veterinary_medicine/volume_8_number_1_27/article/the-internet-and-pet-health-information-perceptions-and-behaviors-of-pet-owners-and-veterinarians.html
Kogan, L. R., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Gould, L., Viera, A. R., & Hellyer, P. W. (2014). Providing an information prescription in veterinary medical clinics: A pilot study. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 102(1), 41-46. doi:10.3163/1536-5050.102.1.008
Kogan, L. R., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., & Viera, A. R. (2012). The Internet and health information: Differences in pet owners based on age, gender, and education. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 100(3), 197-204. doi:10.3163/1536-5050.100.3.010
Kurtz, S. M. (2002). Doctor-patient communication: Principles and practices. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences.Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques, 29 Suppl 2, S23-S29. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=12139082&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Landro, L. (2015, Jun 25, 2015). Why connected medicine is becoming vital to health care; Joseph Kvedar explains how better communications and digital tools are revolutionizing health care. Wall Street Journal (Online) Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1691540735?accountid=12725
Lee, J. L., Choudhry, N. K., Wu, A. W., Matlin, O. S., Brennan, T. A., & Shrank, W. H. (2015). Patient use of email, Facebook, and physician websites to communicate with physicians: A national online survey of retail pharmacy users. Journal of General Internal Medicine, Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=26105675&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Lella, A. (2014). 25-34 year-olds are the heaviest mobile app users in U.S. Retrieved from http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Data-Mine/25-34-Year-Olds-are-the-Heaviest-Mobile-App-Users-in-US
Leventhal, R. (2015). Survey: Patients value tech, but not in place of physician interaction. Retrieved from http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/news-item/survey-patients-value-tech-not-place-physician-interaction
Levine, S. (2010). Blogger demographics: Who is responsible for the majority of blog content? Retrieved from http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/blogger-demographics-who-responsible-majority-blog-content
Lindberg, B., Nilsson, C., Zotterman, D., Söderberg, S., & Skär, L. (2013). Using information and communication technology in home care for communication between patients, family members, and healthcare professionals: A systematic review. International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications, 2013, 461829-461829. doi:10.1155/2013/461829
Malley, A.,S., Samuel, D., Bond, A.,M., & Carrier, E. (2012).
After-hours care and its coordination with primary care in the U.S. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(11), 1406-1415. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2087-4
Mars, M., & Auer, R. E. J. (2006). Telemedicine in veterinary practice. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 77(2), 75-78. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=17120623&site=ehost-live&scope=site
McArthur, M., & Fitzgerald, J. (2013). Companion animal veterinarians' use of clinical communication skills. Australian Veterinary Journal, 91(9), 374-380. doi:10.1111/avj.12083
McClintick, C. (2014). Physician texting grows as patients demand real-time communication. Retrieved from http://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/healthitexchange/CommunityBlog/physician-texting-grows-as-patients-demand-real-time-communication/
Meinhold, B. (2014). Wearable-tech market for pets expected to reach $2.6 billion by 2025. Retrieved from http://www.ecouterre.com/wearable-tech-market-for-pets-expected-to-reach-2-6-billion-by-2025/
Modahl, M., & Meinke, S. (2015). Telehealth index: 2015 physician survey. American Well. Retrieved from http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/214366/TelehealthPhysicianSurvey_eBook_NDF_V3.pdf?submissionGuid=05fee196-584e-4c30-b32a-d1347e6e8d66
Moubarak, G., Guiot, A., Benhamou, Y., Benhamou, A., & Hariri, S. (2011). Facebook activity of residents and fellows and its impact on the doctor-patient relationship. Journal of Medical Ethics, 37(2), 101-104. doi:10.1136/jme.2010.036293
Nabi, R. L., Prestin, A., & So, J. (2013). Facebook friends with (health) benefits? Exploring social network site use and perceptions of social support, stress, and well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16(10), 721-727. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0521
Neville, R. G., Marsden, W., McCowan, C., Pagliari, C., Mullen, H., & Fannin, A. (2004). A survey of GP attitudes to and experiences of email consultations. Informatics in Primary Care, 12(4), 201-206. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=15808021&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Pai, A. (2014). Survey: Patients prefer doctors who offer email communication. Retrieved from http://mobihealthnews.com/33265/survey-patients-prefer-doctors-who-offer-email-communication/
Perrin, A., & Duggan, M. (2015). Americans’ Internet access: 2000-2015. As Internet use nears saturation for some groups, a look at patterns of adoption. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/06/2015-06-26_internet-usage-across-demographics-discover_FINAL.pdf
Pew Research Center. (2015). Health fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/health-fact-sheet/
Pillow, M. T., Hopson, L., Bond, M., Cabrera, D., Patterson, L.,
Pearson, D., . . . Takenaka, K. (2014). Social media guidelines and best practices: Recommendations from the council of residency directors social media task force. The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(1), 26-30. doi:10.5811/westjem.2013.7.14945
Rainie, L., & Zickuhr, K. (2010). Video calling and video chat. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/files/old-media//Files/Reports/2010/PIP_Video%20calling%20data%20memo.pdf
Russell, R. L. (1994). Preparing veterinary students with the interactive skills to effectively work with clients and staff. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 21(1), 40-43.
Shields, A. (2014). Catalyst Healthcare Research finds that nine out of ten (93%) adults want email communication with their doctor. Retrieved from http://catalysthcr.com/news/catalyst-healthcare-research-finds-that-nine-out-of-ten-93-adults-want-email-communication-with-their-doctor/
Singh, H., Fox, S. A., Petersen, N. J., Shethia, A., & Street, R. L. Jr. (2009). Older patients' enthusiasm to use electronic mail to communicate with their physicians: Cross-sectional survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(2), e18-e18. doi:10.2196/jmir.1143
Smith, A. (2015). U.S. smartphone use in 2015. Chapter three: A “week in the life” analysis of smartphone users. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/chapter-three-a-week-in-the-life-analysis-of-smartphone-users/
Song, J. (2014). Should physicians friend or unfriend social media? ‘It’s complicated’. Retrieved from http://www.onclive.com/publications/contemporary-oncology/2014/november-2014/should-physicians-friend-or-unfriend-social-media-its-complicated/1
Special Committee on Ethics and Professionalism. (2014). Model policy guidelines for the appropriate use of social media and social networking in medical practice. Federation of State Medical Boards. Retrieved from http://www.fsmb.org/Media/Default/PDF/FSMB/Advocacy/pub-social-media-guidelines.pdf
Tassava, B. (2011). Social media marketing: Long-term implications. Veterinary Technician Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 15-19 January 2011, 301-301. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lah&AN=20113156674&site=ehost-live&scope=site; http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20113156674
Weitzman, E. R., Cole, E., Kaci, L., & Mandl, K. D. (2011). Social but safe? Quality and safety of diabetes-related online social networks. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 18(3), 292-297. doi:10.1136/jamia.2010.009712
Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A review of Facebook research in the social sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(3), 203-220.
Baptist, A. P., Thompson, M., Grossman, K. S., Mohammed, L., Sy, A., & Sanders, G. M. (2011). Social media, text messaging, and email-preferences of asthma patients between 12 and 40 years old. The Journal of Asthma: Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 48(8), 824-830. doi:10.3109/02770903.2011.608460
Blackwell, M. J. (2001). Beyond philosophical differences: The future training of veterinarians. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 28(3), 148-152. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=11721241&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Bowen, J. L. (2006). Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. The New England Journal of Medicine, 355(21), 2217-2225. doi:10.1056/NEJMra054782
Boyd, D. (2007). Social network sites: Public, private, or what? Knowledge Tree, 13(1), 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.danah.org/papers/KnowledgeTree.pdf
Brown, J. P., & Silverman, J. D. (1999). The current and future market for veterinarians and veterinary medical services in the United States. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 215(2), 161-183.
Burns, G. A., Ruby, K. L., Debowes, R. M., Seaman, S. J., & Brannan, J. K. (2006). Teaching non-technical (professional) competence in a veterinary school curriculum. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 33(2), 301-308. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lah&AN=20063162873&site=ehost-live&scope=site; http://www.jvmeonline.org
Crotty, B. H., Tamrat, Y., Mostaghimi, A., Safran, C., & Landon, B. E. (2014). Patient-to-physician messaging: Volume nearly tripled as more patients joined system, but per capita rate plateaued. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 33(10), 1817-1822. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1145
Duggan, M., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., Lenhart, A. & Madden, M. (2015a). Demographics of key social networking platforms.
Duggan, M., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., Lenhart, A., & Madden, M. (2015b). Social media update 2014. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/01/PI_SocialMediaUpdate20144.pdf
Duggan, M., & Smith, A. (2013). Social media update 2013: 42% of online adults use multiple social networking sites, but Facebook remains the platform of choice. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/12/30/social-media-update-2013/
Farnan, J. M., Snyder Sulmasy, L., Worster, B. K., Chaudhry, H. J., Rhyne, J. A., & Arora, V. M. (2013). Online medical professionalism: Patient and public relationships: Policy statement from the American college of physicians and the Federation of State Medical Boards. Annals of Internal Medicine, 158(8), 620-627. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00100
Fox, S., & Rainie, L. (2014). The Web at 25 in the U.S. The overall verdict: The Internet has been a plus for society and an especially good thing for individual users. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/02/27/the-web-at-25-in-the-u-s/
Hughes, N. (2015). Fitness tracker users are older & richer, early smartwatch adopters mostly young men, survey finds. Retrieved from http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/01/06/fitness-tracker-users-are-older-richer-early-smartwatch-adopters-mostly-young-men-survey-finds
Husain, I., & Spence, D. (2015). Can healthy people benefit from health apps? BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 350, h1887-h1887. doi:10.1136/bmj.h1887
iHealthBeat. (2013). What types of online tools and services do health care providers offer to their patients? Retrieved from http://www.ihealthbeat.org/picture-of-health/2013/what-types-of-online-tools-and-services-do-health-care-providers-offer-to-their-patients
Interactive, H. (2002). Patient/physician online communication: many patients want it, would pay for it, and it would influence their choice of doctors and health plans. Health Care News, 2(8), 1-3.
Jayanthi, A. (2014). 93% of adult patients want e-mail communication with physicians. Retrieved from http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/93-of-adult-patients-want-e-mail-communication-with-physicians.html
Katz, S. J., Nissan, N., & Moyer, C. A. (2004). Crossing the digital divide: Evaluating online communication between patients and their providers. The American Journal of Managed Care, 10(9), 593-598. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=15515991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Kogan, L. R., Hellyer, P. W., Stewart, S. M., & Dowers, K. L. (2015). Recruitment and hiring strategies of private practitioners and implications for practice management training of veterinary students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 42(2), 97-106. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lah&AN=20153267350&site=ehost-live&scope=site; http://www.jvmeonline.org
Kogan, L. R., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Simon, A. A., & Viera, A. R. (2010). The Internet and pet health information: Perceptions and behaviors of pet owners and veterinarians. Internet Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8(1). Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lah&AN=20113114932&site=ehost-live&scope=site; http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_veterinary_medicine/volume_8_number_1_27/article/the-internet-and-pet-health-information-perceptions-and-behaviors-of-pet-owners-and-veterinarians.html
Kogan, L. R., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., Gould, L., Viera, A. R., & Hellyer, P. W. (2014). Providing an information prescription in veterinary medical clinics: A pilot study. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 102(1), 41-46. doi:10.3163/1536-5050.102.1.008
Kogan, L. R., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., & Viera, A. R. (2012). The Internet and health information: Differences in pet owners based on age, gender, and education. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 100(3), 197-204. doi:10.3163/1536-5050.100.3.010
Kurtz, S. M. (2002). Doctor-patient communication: Principles and practices. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences.Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques, 29 Suppl 2, S23-S29. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=12139082&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Landro, L. (2015, Jun 25, 2015). Why connected medicine is becoming vital to health care; Joseph Kvedar explains how better communications and digital tools are revolutionizing health care. Wall Street Journal (Online) Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1691540735?accountid=12725
Lee, J. L., Choudhry, N. K., Wu, A. W., Matlin, O. S., Brennan, T. A., & Shrank, W. H. (2015). Patient use of email, Facebook, and physician websites to communicate with physicians: A national online survey of retail pharmacy users. Journal of General Internal Medicine, Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=26105675&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Lella, A. (2014). 25-34 year-olds are the heaviest mobile app users in U.S. Retrieved from http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Data-Mine/25-34-Year-Olds-are-the-Heaviest-Mobile-App-Users-in-US
Leventhal, R. (2015). Survey: Patients value tech, but not in place of physician interaction. Retrieved from http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/news-item/survey-patients-value-tech-not-place-physician-interaction
Levine, S. (2010). Blogger demographics: Who is responsible for the majority of blog content? Retrieved from http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/blogger-demographics-who-responsible-majority-blog-content
Lindberg, B., Nilsson, C., Zotterman, D., Söderberg, S., & Skär, L. (2013). Using information and communication technology in home care for communication between patients, family members, and healthcare professionals: A systematic review. International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications, 2013, 461829-461829. doi:10.1155/2013/461829
Malley, A.,S., Samuel, D., Bond, A.,M., & Carrier, E. (2012).
After-hours care and its coordination with primary care in the U.S. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(11), 1406-1415. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2087-4
Mars, M., & Auer, R. E. J. (2006). Telemedicine in veterinary practice. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 77(2), 75-78. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=17120623&site=ehost-live&scope=site
McArthur, M., & Fitzgerald, J. (2013). Companion animal veterinarians' use of clinical communication skills. Australian Veterinary Journal, 91(9), 374-380. doi:10.1111/avj.12083
McClintick, C. (2014). Physician texting grows as patients demand real-time communication. Retrieved from http://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/healthitexchange/CommunityBlog/physician-texting-grows-as-patients-demand-real-time-communication/
Meinhold, B. (2014). Wearable-tech market for pets expected to reach $2.6 billion by 2025. Retrieved from http://www.ecouterre.com/wearable-tech-market-for-pets-expected-to-reach-2-6-billion-by-2025/
Modahl, M., & Meinke, S. (2015). Telehealth index: 2015 physician survey. American Well. Retrieved from http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/214366/TelehealthPhysicianSurvey_eBook_NDF_V3.pdf?submissionGuid=05fee196-584e-4c30-b32a-d1347e6e8d66
Moubarak, G., Guiot, A., Benhamou, Y., Benhamou, A., & Hariri, S. (2011). Facebook activity of residents and fellows and its impact on the doctor-patient relationship. Journal of Medical Ethics, 37(2), 101-104. doi:10.1136/jme.2010.036293
Nabi, R. L., Prestin, A., & So, J. (2013). Facebook friends with (health) benefits? Exploring social network site use and perceptions of social support, stress, and well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16(10), 721-727. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0521
Neville, R. G., Marsden, W., McCowan, C., Pagliari, C., Mullen, H., & Fannin, A. (2004). A survey of GP attitudes to and experiences of email consultations. Informatics in Primary Care, 12(4), 201-206. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=15808021&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Pai, A. (2014). Survey: Patients prefer doctors who offer email communication. Retrieved from http://mobihealthnews.com/33265/survey-patients-prefer-doctors-who-offer-email-communication/
Perrin, A., & Duggan, M. (2015). Americans’ Internet access: 2000-2015. As Internet use nears saturation for some groups, a look at patterns of adoption. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/06/2015-06-26_internet-usage-across-demographics-discover_FINAL.pdf
Pew Research Center. (2015). Health fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/health-fact-sheet/
Pillow, M. T., Hopson, L., Bond, M., Cabrera, D., Patterson, L.,
Pearson, D., . . . Takenaka, K. (2014). Social media guidelines and best practices: Recommendations from the council of residency directors social media task force. The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(1), 26-30. doi:10.5811/westjem.2013.7.14945
Rainie, L., & Zickuhr, K. (2010). Video calling and video chat. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/files/old-media//Files/Reports/2010/PIP_Video%20calling%20data%20memo.pdf
Russell, R. L. (1994). Preparing veterinary students with the interactive skills to effectively work with clients and staff. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 21(1), 40-43.
Shields, A. (2014). Catalyst Healthcare Research finds that nine out of ten (93%) adults want email communication with their doctor. Retrieved from http://catalysthcr.com/news/catalyst-healthcare-research-finds-that-nine-out-of-ten-93-adults-want-email-communication-with-their-doctor/
Singh, H., Fox, S. A., Petersen, N. J., Shethia, A., & Street, R. L. Jr. (2009). Older patients' enthusiasm to use electronic mail to communicate with their physicians: Cross-sectional survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(2), e18-e18. doi:10.2196/jmir.1143
Smith, A. (2015). U.S. smartphone use in 2015. Chapter three: A “week in the life” analysis of smartphone users. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/chapter-three-a-week-in-the-life-analysis-of-smartphone-users/
Song, J. (2014). Should physicians friend or unfriend social media? ‘It’s complicated’. Retrieved from http://www.onclive.com/publications/contemporary-oncology/2014/november-2014/should-physicians-friend-or-unfriend-social-media-its-complicated/1
Special Committee on Ethics and Professionalism. (2014). Model policy guidelines for the appropriate use of social media and social networking in medical practice. Federation of State Medical Boards. Retrieved from http://www.fsmb.org/Media/Default/PDF/FSMB/Advocacy/pub-social-media-guidelines.pdf
Tassava, B. (2011). Social media marketing: Long-term implications. Veterinary Technician Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 15-19 January 2011, 301-301. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lah&AN=20113156674&site=ehost-live&scope=site; http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20113156674
Weitzman, E. R., Cole, E., Kaci, L., & Mandl, K. D. (2011). Social but safe? Quality and safety of diabetes-related online social networks. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 18(3), 292-297. doi:10.1136/jamia.2010.009712
Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A review of Facebook research in the social sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(3), 203-220.