Therapeutic Measures from Cardiovascular Damage using Statins, Acetylsalicylic Acid during the Abuse of Irrational Cycles of Anabolic Steroids in Bodybuilder Who Were Infected with the COVID-19

Main Article Content

Sid Solakovic Haris Serhatlic Nina Solakovic Fedja Hajrulahovic Amina Godinjak Ratko Pavlović Mensur Vrcic Zhanneta Kozina Ksenya Yarymbash Olena Dorofieieva

Abstract

Introduction: We are increasingly witnessing the self-initiated, uncontrolled stacking of incompatible anabolic substances in various cycles in the young Balkan Recreational Bodybuilding population group, increasingly frequent acts of violence in our country and the emergence of a neglected and very silent epidemic that is taking on an increasingly aggressive course of illness and psychological behavior. Black market anabolic steroids are associated with many generally health problems and uncontrolled aggression behavior by abusers. Young unsolicited recreate bodybuilding are also associated with generalized atherosclerosis and potential increased high risk for heart disease that can structural and functional damage the cardiovascular system during muscle mass steroid cycles. Besides high calorie intake, elevating serum blood lipid cholesterol levels LDL lowering HDL levels, elevating, systolic and diastolic blood pressure take a certain participation in cardiovascular risk and therefor need a development of certain cardiovascular protection strategies for this avoiding medical supervision anabolic steroids abuser group which are not yet appropriate established. 


The aim of the short study was to estimate Cardiovascular Protective Strategy Measures on lipid levels, and blood pressure status in a young recreational bodybuilder with different ethnic groups who Abuse Anabolic Steroids during controversial and different mass Cycles with and without taking Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) and Statins.


Subjects and methods: This study was conducted from beginning of January, 2022 till end of July, 2022. 140 subjects are included age 17-30 (74 male Recreational Bodybuilder Who Abuse Anabolic Steroids on Simvastatin’s 10mg and Acetylsalicylic Acid 150mg doses of (ASA) and 10 grams of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during mass Steroid Cycles and 66 impellers group of male Recreational Bodybuilder Who Abuse Anabolic Steroids consisting without consume Statins and Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) during mass Steroid Cycles). For the testing of statistical significance of differences between the exanimated groups non-parameter and parameter tests were used. The difference at a level of p< (0,001) was statistically significant. Results: In all the tested subjects we investigated increasing lipid levels and blood pressure after six months of study. Analysis shows the statistically insignificant influence of antiplatelet therapy (150mg Acetylsalicylic acid) (ASA), combined with Simvastatin 10mg p<(0,001) in steroid abuse subjects during irrational muscle mass steroid cycles.


Conclusion: Lack of familiarity with combinations of anabolic substances, as well as the danger of oral applications of very harmful steroids from the former Soviet Union and German Democratic Republic (GDR), this study showed. Avoidance of physician supervision by recreate bodybuilders by deceiving of the athletic subjectivity look, seams appears almost always in gym. This cardiovascular protective measures have poor benefit appeared to be usefully blind preventing strategy of controlling blood lipid levels during muscle mass steroid cycles, with no guaranty of worsen cardiovascular condition by abusing anabolic steroids. The influence of the reflection of the COVID 19 virus on such dramatic therapeutic results in this population group of two groups cannot be ruled out for sure.

Keywords: Anabolic Steroids, Recreational Bodybuilder, Cardiovascular, Statins (Simvastatin’s), Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA), Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Article Details

How to Cite
SOLAKOVIC, Sid et al. Therapeutic Measures from Cardiovascular Damage using Statins, Acetylsalicylic Acid during the Abuse of Irrational Cycles of Anabolic Steroids in Bodybuilder Who Were Infected with the COVID-19. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 2, feb. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5067>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i2.5067.
Section
Research Articles

References

1. Solakovic S, Vrcic M, Pavlovic R, et al. Irrational Abuse of Testosterone and Mass Supplements by Recreational Bodybuilders with “Adonis Complex” Leads to Potential Cardiovascular Diseases and Psychophysical Disorders International Journal of Sports Science. 2016; 6(6): 230-236
2. Solakovic S, Vrcic M, Pavlovic R, et al. HDL Level In Amateur Bodybuildres Who Misuse The Combination Of Testesterone Products And Anabolic Steroids In Bosnia And Herzegovina. Slovak Journal of Sport Science. 2016; 1 (1): 2-8
3. Solakovic S, Vrcic M, Pavlovic R, et al. Potential Cardiovascular Side Effects Of Trenbolone Acetate Steroid Stacking In Young Section A-Research paper Recreational Bodybuilders Compared With Another Potential Cardiovascular Side Effects Of Anabolic Steroids And What Is Thoroughly Hiding Behind Trenbolone Acetate Roid Rage Myth? European Chemical Bulletin.2022; 11(11):64-72. DOI:10.31838/ecb/2022.11.11.007
4. Solakovic S, et al. Hidden Danger of Irrational Abusing Illegal Androgenic-anabolic Steroids. Med Arh. 2015; 69 (3): 200-202. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2015.69.200-202
5. Solaković S, Vrcić M, Pavlović R. Does Obsession Of Irrational Stacking Anabolic Steroids With Trenbolone Acetate Over Decades Leads To General, Cardiovascular Or Social Deviation Problem In Young Adults, Or Just Biggest Muscle Mass Is Equal Highest Social Reputation In Gym And Is This All Price Health Worth? - Case Report. European Journal Of Physical Education And Sport Science. 2019; 5 (7): 54-63. doi.org/10.5281.
6. Stergiopoulos K, Brennan JJ, Mathews R, Setaro JF, Kort S. Anabolic steroids, acute myocardial infarction and polycythemia: a case report and review of the literature. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(6):1475-80. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s4261.
7. Güneş Y, Erbaş C, Okuyan E. Myocardial infarction with intracoronary thrombus induced by anabolic steroids. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2004; 4 (4): 357–358.
8. Halvorsen S, Thorsby PM, Haug E. Akutt hjerteinfarkt hos ung mann som brukte androgene anabole steroider [Acute myocardial infarction in a young man who had been using androgenic anabolic steroids]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2004;124 (2):170-2. Norwegian. PMID: 14743229.
9. Büttner A, Sachs H, Mall G, . Progressive idiopathic bilateral striato-pallido-dentate calcinosis (Fahr’s disease) in a person with anabolic steroid abuse. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2001; 3: 114–118.
10. Tischer KH, Heyny-von Haussen R, Mall G. Coronary thrombosis and ectasia of coronary arteries after long-term use of anabolic steroids. Z Kardiol. 2003; 92 (4): 326–331. doi: 10.1007/s00392-003-0915-6.
11. Kokkonen L, Anttonen O, Penttilä O. Protein C deficiency and use of anabolic steroids behind the myocardial infarction in a young man. Duodecim. 2001; 117 (22): 2279–2281. Finnish.
12. Fineschi V, Baroldi G, Monciotti F. Anabolic steroid abuse and cardiac sudden death: A pathologic study. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001; 125 (2): 253–255. doi: 10.5858/2001-125-0253-ASAACS
13. Godon P, Bonnefoy E, Guérard S. Myocardial infarction and anabolic steroid use. A case report. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2000; 93 (7): 879–883. French.
14. Sever PS, Poulter NR, Dahlof B, Wedel H, Beevers G, Caulfield M, Collins R, Kjeldsen SE, Kristinsson A, McInnes G, Mehlsen J, Nieminen MS, O'Brien ET, Ostergren J; ASCOT Investigators. The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial lipid lowering arm: extended observations 2 years after trial closure. Eur Heart J. 2008; 29(4):499-508. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm583.
15. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR, et al. for the ASCOT investigators. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial – Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2003; 361(9364):1149-1158. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12948-0.
16. Golomb BA, Dimsdale JE, White HL, Ritchie JB, Criqui MH. Reduction in blood pressure with statins: results from the UCSD Statin Study, a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168(7):721-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.7.721.
17. Kersey RD, Elliot DL, Goldberg L, Kanayama G, Leone JE, Pavlovich M, Pope HG Jr; National Athletic Trainers' Association. National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement: anabolic-androgenic steroids. J Athl Train. 2012; 47(5):567-88. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.08.
18. Bahrke MS, Yesalis CE. Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids and related substances in sport and exercise. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2004; 4 (6): 614–620. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2004.05.006
19. Fineschi V, Riezzo I, Centini F. Sudden cardiac death during anabolic steroid abuse: Morphologic and toxicologic findings in two fatal cases of bodybuilders. Int J Legal Med. 2007; 121(1): 48–53. doi: 10.1007/s00414-005-0055-9.
20. García-Esperón C, Hervás-García JV, Jiménez-González M, Pérez de la Ossa-Herrero N, Gomis-Cortina M, Dorado-Bouix L, López-Cancio Martinez E, Castaño-Duque CH, Millán-Torné M, Dávalos A. Ingesta de esteroides anabolizantes e ictus isquemico. Presentacion de un caso clinico y revision de la bibliografia [Ingestion of anabolic steroids and ischaemic stroke. A clinical case report and review of the literature]. Rev Neurol. 2013; 56(6):327-31. Spanish.
21. Solberg EE, Borjesson M, Sharma S, Papadakis M, Wilhelm M, Drezner JA, Harmon KG, Alonso JM, Heidbuchel H, Dugmore D, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop NM, Mellwig KP, Carre F, Rasmusen H, Niebauer J, Behr ER, Thiene G, Sheppard MN, Basso C, Corrado D; Sport Cardiology Section of the EACPR of the ESC. Sudden cardiac arrest in sports - need for uniform registration: A Position Paper from the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(6):657-67. doi: 10.1177/2047487315599891.
22. Kałka D, Sobieszczańska M, Kopka L, Marciniak W, Zawadzka-Bartczak E, Bak A, Popielewicz-Kautz A, Korzeniowska J, Janczak J, Adamus J. Wpływ długotrwałego treningu kardiologicznego na stezenie lipidów u chorych z przewlekła choroba niedokrwienna serca leczonych simwastatyna [Effect of long-term cardiac training on lipids concentration in patients with chronic heart ischemic disease treated with simvastatin]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2007;22(128):101-6. Polish..
23. Petersson A, Bengtsson J, Voltaire-Carlsson A, Thiblin I. Substance abusers' motives for using anabolic androgenic steroids. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010;111(1-2):170-2.doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.008.
24. Choi PY, Pope HG Jr. Violence toward women and illicit androgenic-anabolic steroid use. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1994;6(1):21-5. doi: 10.3109/10401239409148835.
25. McKillop G, Todd IC, Ballantyne D. Increased left ventricular mass in a bodybuilder using anabolic steroids. Brit J Sports Med. 1986; 20 (4):151–152. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.20.4.151
26. McNutt RA, Ferenchick GS, Kirlin PC, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in a 22-year old world class weight lifter using anabolic steroids. Am J Cardiol. 1988; 62 (1):164. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(88)91390-2.
27. McQueen MJ, Hawken S, Wang X, Ounpuu S, Sniderman A, Probstfield J, Steyn K, Sanderson JE, Hasani M, Volkova E, Kazmi K, Yusuf S; INTERHEART study investigators. Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): a case-control study. Lancet. 2008;372(9634):224-33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61076-4.
28. Buckley WE, Yesalis CE 3rd, Friedl KE, Anderson WA, Streit AL, Wright JE. Estimated prevalence of anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors. JAMA. 1988;260(23):3441-5. PMID: 3210283.
29. Bahrke MS, Kennedy NJ, Kopstein AN & Yesalis CE. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in the United States. JAMA. 1993; 270 (10): 1217-1221.
30. Windsor R, Dumitru D. Prevalence of anabolic steroid use by male and female adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21(5): 494-497.
31. Komoroski EM, Rickert VI. Adolescent body image and attitudes to anabolic steroid use. Am J Dis Child. 1992;146(7):823-8. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160190055019.
32. Boden WE. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as an independent risk factor in cardiovascular disease: assessing the data from Framingham to the Veterans Affairs High--Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86(12A):19L-22L. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01464-8.
33. Branchi A, Fiorenza AM, Torri A, Muzio F, Berra C, Colombo E, Dalla Valle E, Rovellini A, Sommariva D. Effects of low doses of simvastatin and atorvastatin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Clin Ther. 2001;23(6):851-7. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(01)80073-4.
34. Branchi A, Fiorenza AM, Torri A, Berra C, Colombo E, Rovellini A, Sommariva D. Effects of simvastatin on blood pressure in hypercholesterolemic patients: An open-label study in patients with hypertension or normotension. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2004;65(3):239-54. doi: 10.1016/S0011-393X(04)80057-2. .
35. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20, 536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360 (9326):7–22.
36. Skinantia SG , Jaya Rao KS et al. Effects of aC-17 alkaylted steroid,methylandrostenolone,on plasma lipids of normal subjects. Amer.J.Med.Sci 1967; 254 (2):201-204. doi: 10.1097/00000441-196708000-00010.
37. Kuo PT, Quick RE et al. Improvment of hypertriglyceridemia by anabolic agent in primary type of hyperlipoproteinemia. Circulation.1970; (3):18.
38. Jose AD, Mitchell AS. Elevation of serum holesterol by anabolic steroids. Lancet. 1964; 1 (7331): 473-474. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(64)90802-5
39. Jungck EC,Greenblatt RB et al. Methandrostenolone an oral anabolic agent. Sth.med.J. 1964; 57:909-913. doi: 10.1097/00007611-196408000-00008
40. Furman RH et al. Idiopathic hyperglyceridaemia treated with methyltestesterone and methandienone. Lancet. 1963; 1(7285):837. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)91553-8
41. Simons RG, & Grinwich DL. Immunoreactive detection of four mammalian steroids in plants. Canadian Journal of Botany. 1989; 67 (2): 288-296. DOI:10.1139/b89-042
42. Hilberg T, Ransmann P, Hagedorn T: Sport and venous thromboembolism—site, accompanying features, symptoms, and diagnosis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2021; 118: 181–7. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.002.
43. Piacentino D, Kotzalidis GD, del Casale A. et al. Anabolic-androgenic Steroid use and Psy-chopathology in Athletes. A Systematic Review Current Neuropharmacology. 2015; 13 (1): 101-121. doi: 10.2174/1570159X13666141210222725.
44. Metcalf MG. The excretion of androsterone and etiocholanolone as a function of adrenocrotical and gonadal activity. Clinical Biochemistry. 1972; 5(1): 19-32. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(72)80005-5
45. Bolding G, Sherr L, Elford J. Use of anabolic steroids and associated health risks among gay men attending London gyms. Addiction. 2002;97(2):195-203. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00031.x.
46. Scott M. Grundy, Gloria L. Vega, James D. Otvos, David L. Rainwater, Jonathan C. Cohen,
47. Hepatic lipase activity influences high density lipoprotein subclass distribution in normotriglyceridemic men: genetic and pharmacological evidence. Journal of Lipid Research. 1999; 40 (2):229-234. /doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2275(20)33361-7.
48. Kouri EM, Pope HG Jr, Oliva PS. Changes in lipoprotein-lipid levels in normal men following administration of increasing doses of testosterone cypionate. Clin J Sport Med. 1996; 6(3):152-7. doi: 10.1097/00042752-199607000-00003. .
49. Friedl KE, Hannan CJ Jr, Jones RE, Plymate SR. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not decreased if an aromatizable androgen is administered. Metabolism. 1990;39(1):69-74. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90150-b.
50. Nadar S, Lip G. Hypertension. 2. Oxford Cardiology Library; 2015.
51. Nansseu JR, Noubiap JJ. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Thromb J. 2015;13:38. doi: 10.1186/s12959-015-0068-7
52. Bochner F, Lloyd JV. Aspirin for myocardial infarction. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995;28(6):433-8. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199528060-000018.
53. Berger JS, Lala A, Krantz MJ, Baker GS, Hiatt WR. Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients without clinical cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am Heart J.2011;162:115.e112–24.e112.
54. Vandvik PO, Lincoff AM, Gore JM, Gutterman DD, Sonnenberg FA, Alonso-Coello P, et al. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed:American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141:e637S–68.
55. Solakovic S, et al. Can the Irregular Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) Therapy combined with Interval Training Exercise Program Increase the Claudication Distance in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients with Femoro-popliteal Stenosis Age over 55. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science. 2017; 3(2):19-32. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.375659.
56. Kamleh MA, McLeod O, Checa A, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Gertow K, Humphries SE, Rauramaa R, de Faire U, Smit AJ, Giral P, Kurl S, Mannarino E, Tremoli E, Silveira A, Örvik J, Hamsten A, Wheelock CE. Increased Levels of Circulating Fatty Acids Are Associated with Protective Effects against Future Cardiovascular Events in Nondiabetics. J Proteome Res. 2018; 17 (2):870-878. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00671
57. de Oliveira Otto MC et al. Circulating and dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and incidence of CVD in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013; 2(6):e000506. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000506.
58. Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits. JAMA. 2006;296(15):1885-99. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.15.1885. Erratum in: JAMA. 2007 Feb 14;297(6):590.
59. Mozaffarian D, Micha R, Wallace S. Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2010; 7:e1000252
60. Rizos EC, Ntzani EE, Bika E, Kostapanos MS, Elisaf MS. Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;308(10):1024-33. doi: 10.1001/2012.jama.11374.
61. Wang C, Harris WS, Chung M, Lichtenstein AH, Balk EM, Kupelnick B, Jordan HS, Lau J. n-3 Fatty acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(1):5-17. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.5
62. Nettleton JA, Steffen LM, Mayer‐Davis EJ, Jenny NS, Jiang R, Herrington DM, Jacobs DR., Jr Dietary patterns are associated with biochemical markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in the multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 83 (6):1369-137. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1369.
63. Lemaitre RN, King IB, Mozaffarian D, Kuller LH, Tracy RP, Siscovick DS. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and nonfatal myocardial infarction in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77(2):319-25. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.319.
64. Heydari B, Abdullah S, Pottala JV, Shah R, Abbasi S, Mandry D, Francis SA, Lumish H, Ghoshhajra BB, Hoffmann U, Appelbaum E, Feng JH, Blankstein R, Steigner M, McConnell JP, Harris W, Antman EM, Jerosch-Herold M, Kwong RY. Effect of Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction: The OMEGA-REMODEL Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation. 2016;134(5):378-91. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019949.
65. Drobnic F, Rueda F, Pons V, Banquells M, Cordobilla B, Domingo JC. Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content in Elite Athletes in Response to Omega-3 Supplementation: A Dose-Response Pilot Study. J Lipids. 2017;2017:1472719. doi: 10.1155/2017/1472719.
66. Solakovic S, Vrcic M, Pavlovic R et al. Whether exercises and testosterone replacement therapy support a treatment for cardiovascular and atherosclerotic patients with iliac artery stenosis and low total testosterone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after endovascular procedure? Zaporozhye medical journal. 2023; 25 (2):101-108. oi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2023.2.268513
67. Solaković S, Spahović H, Pavlović R, Jogunčić A, Solaković N, Vrcić M, Hajrulahović F. Connection of Low Serum Testosterone Levels in Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic Syndrome Patients with Diagnosis of Critic Iliac Artery Stenosis (TASC II A and B) and Can Exercise Improve those Levels and Primary Potency of Revascularization after Surgical and Endovascular Treatment? (Pilot Study). Saudi J Med.2023; 8(1): 8-17. DOI: 10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i01.002
68. Solakovic S, Vrcic M, Pavlovic R, et al. Effects of moderate-intensity continuous training therapy on claudication symptoms and carotid intima-media thickness in patients after endovascular and classical bypass treatment (a pilot study). Zaporozhye medical journal. 2020; 22 (6): 775-78. doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2020.6.218439
69. Solakovic S, Vrcic M, Pavlovic R et al. Vascular Rehabilitation Benefits of Tribulus Terrestris (TT), Taurine and High Dose Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) Supplementation with Interval Walking Training Program after Surgical Vascular Bypass Treat¬ment (Pilot Study). International Journal of Ki¬nesiology and Sports Science. 2019; 7 (3):22-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.3p.22
70. Solakovic S, Vrcic M, Pavlovic R et al. Can Self-controlled Stationary Bicycle Moderate Inten¬sity Training Increase Claudication Distance in Patients with Fontains Stage IIa without the Ef¬fects of Expansion on Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (IAAA) Diametar without Iliac Artery Dilatation (IAD) and Iliac Artery Aneu¬rysms (IAA)? International journal of Exercise Physiology. 2019; 8 (3.1): 180-190.
71. Solakovic S, Vrcic M, Pavlovic R et al. Irational Abuse of Anabolic Steroids Stacking with Aro-matase Inhibitors Increase Carotid Intima-Me-dia Thickness (CIMT) and Lowerining High Den¬sity Lipoprotein (HDL) levels Causing High Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Poten¬tial Steatohepatitis in Young Recreational Bodybuilders Age 17-30 (pilot study). Interna¬tional journal of Exercise Physiology. 2019;8 (3.1): 197-207.

Most read articles by the same author(s)