Vaccination against Pertussis in the era of acellular and whole-cell vaccines
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Enrique Chacon-Cruz
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-4920
Erika Zoe Lopatynsky-Reyes
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-6521
Kapil Maithal
Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka
Collins Ankunda
Javier Casellas
Malook Vir Singh
Frederic Nikiema
Jessabelle E. Basa
Mahmud Sheku
Oscar E. Zazueta
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-4920
Erika Zoe Lopatynsky-Reyes
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-6521
Kapil Maithal
Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka
Collins Ankunda
Javier Casellas
Malook Vir Singh
Frederic Nikiema
Jessabelle E. Basa
Mahmud Sheku
Oscar E. Zazueta
Abstract
Pertussis in a highly infectious respiratory disease, and even though vaccination has been globally implemented since the 1940s, we are far from elimination, and even still suffering from many outbreaks throughout the world.
This comprehensive review is tailored primarily for clinicians and healthcare practitioners, aiming to deepen their insights into the evolving dynamics of Pertussis over time since the first whole-cell Pertussis vaccine was started. It delves into the high reactogenicity and alleged severe neurologic effects, which were later conclusively disproven. The ensuing repercussions of these early challenges manifested in multiple outbreaks, compelling the scientific community to respond proactively. This led to the development and subsequent implementation of acellular Pertussis vaccines, marked by an improved safety profile.
Moreover, the exclusive adoption of acellular Pertussis vaccines for widespread immunization in certain countries resulted in a notable surge in Pertussis cases. Subsequent investigations, conducted through both animal models and epidemiological studies, elucidated that acellular Pertussis vaccines exhibited a considerably diminished mucosal immunity. Consequently, nasopharyngeal carriage showed minimal reduction, leading to a substantial decline in indirect or herd immunity when compared to whole-cell Pertussis vaccines. Conversely, numerous developing countries presently incorporate whole-cell Pertussis vaccines either independently or in conjunction with acellular formulations. In light of this, precise recommendations must be systematically addressed to cultivate a more unified and pragmatic landscape for immunization strategies. These recommendations should be rooted in the latest scientific data and aligned with the guidelines articulated by both the World Health Organization and the Global Pertussis Initiative.
This concerted approach aims to optimize immunization practices on a global scale, fostering a harmonized and evidence-based framework for combating Pertussis. Relevant and updated issues concerning maternal, adolescent and adult vaccination are addressed, as well as the ongoing pipeline of new intramuscular and mucosal vaccines, and finally emphasizing the continuous need for improved surveillance and pharmacovigilance systems.
Keywords:
Vaccination against Pertussis, acellular and whole-cell vaccines, Vaccination, whole-cell vaccines
Article Details
How to Cite
CHACON-CRUZ, Enrique et al.
Vaccination against Pertussis in the era of acellular and whole-cell vaccines.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 3, mar. 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5126>. Date accessed: 29 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i3.5126.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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4. Kendrick PL. Use of Alum-Treated Pertussis Vaccine, and of Alum-Precipitated Combined Pertussis Vaccine and Diphtheria Toxoid, for Active Immunization. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1942;32:615-26. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.32.6.615.
5. Szwejser-Zawislak E, Wilk MM, Piszczek P, Krawczyk J, Wilczynska D, Hozbor D. Evaluation of Whole-Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in the Context of Long-Term Herd Immunity. Vaccines. 2023;11:1-18. Doi https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010001
6. Romanus, V. Jonsell, R. Bergquist, S.O. Pertussis in Sweden after the cessation of general immunization in 1979. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1987;6:364–371. https://journals.lww.com/pidj/abstract/1987/04000/pertussis_in_sweden_after_the_cessation_of_general.5.aspx.
7. Gangarosa, E.J.; Galazka, A.M.; Wolfe, C.R.; Phillips, L.M.; Gangarosa, R.E.; Miller, E.; Chen, R.T. Impact of anti-vaccine movements on pertussis control: The untold story. Lancet. 1998;351:356–361. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(97)04334-1/abstract.
8. Cherry JD. The History of Pertussis (Whooping Cough); 1906–2015: Facts, Myths, and Misconceptions. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2015;2:120–130. Doi 10.1007/s40471-015-0041-9.
9. Gale J, Thapa PB, Wassilak SGF, et al. Risk of serious acute Neurological illness after immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine; A Population-Based Case-Control Study. JAMA. 1994;271(1):37-41. Doi 10.1001/jama.1994.03510250053034.
10. Barlow WE, Davis RL, Glasser JW, et al. The risk of seizures after receipt of whole-cell pertussis or measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:656-61. Doi 10.1056/NEJMoa003077.
11. Ray P, Hayward J, Michelson D, et al. Encephalopathy after whole-cell pertussis or measles vaccination: lack of evidence for a causal association in a retrospective case-control study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(9): 768-73. Doi 10.1097/01.inf.0000234067.84848.e1.
12. Alghounaim M, Alsaffar Z, Alfraij A, Bin-Hasan S, Hussain E. Whole-Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine: Reflections on Efficacy. Med Princ Pract. 2022;31(4):313-21. Doi 10.1159/000525468
13. Edwards KM, Decker MD, Halsey NA, et al. Differences in antibody response to whole-cell pertussis vaccines. Pediatrics. 1991;88(5): 1019–23. Doi 10.1542/peds.88.5.1019
14. Steinhoff MC, Reed GF, Decker MD, et al. A randomized comparison of reactogenicity and immunogenicity of two whole-cell pertussis vaccines. Pediatrics.1995;96(3):567–70. Doi 10.1542/peds.96.3.567.
15. Sato Y, Kimura M, Fukumi H. Development of a pertussis component vaccine in Japan. Lancet. 1984;1:122–126. Doi 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90061-8.
16. Watanabe M, Nagai M. Acellular pertussis vaccines in Japan: Past, present and future. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 2005;4:173–184. Doi 10.1586/14760584.4.2.173.
17. Noble GR, Bernier R, Esber EC, et al. Acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines in Japan. Report of a visit by US scientists. JAMA. 1987;257:1351–1356. Doi 10.1001/ja ma.1987.03390100089032.
18. Zhang L, Prietsch SO, Axelsson I, Halperin SA. Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014; 2014: CD001478. Doi 10.1002/14651858.CD001478.pub6.
19. Dewan KK, Linz B, DeRocco SE, Harvill ET. Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Components: Today and Tomorrow. Vaccines. 2020;8:217. Doi 10.3390/vaccines8020217.
20. Thierry-Carstensen B, Dalby T, Stevner MA, Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Trollfors B. Experience with monocomponent acellular pertussis combination vaccines for infants, children, adolescents and adults–a review of safety, immunogenicity, efficacy and effectiveness studies and 15 years of field experience. Vaccine. 2013;31:5178–5191. Doi 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.034.
21. Fanget N. Pertussis: A tale of two vaccines. Nat Milest Vaccines. 2020. Available online: https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d42859-020-00013-8/d42859-020-00013-8.pdf (accessed on February 10, 2024).
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23. Burdin N, Handy L.K; Plotkin SA. What Is wrong with pertussis vaccine immunity? The problem of waning effectiveness of pertussis vaccines. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017; 9:a029454. Doi 10.1101/cshperspect. a029454.
24. McGirr A. Fisman DN. Duration of pertussis immunity after DTaP immunization: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015; 135:331-43. Doi 10.1542/peds.2014-1729.
25. Lugauer S, Heininger U, Cherry JD, Stehr K. Long-term clinical effectiveness of an acellular pertussis component vaccine and a whole cell pertussis component vaccine. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2002;161:142–146. Doi 10.1007/ s00431-001-0893-5.
26. Lacombe K, Yam A Simondon K, Pinchinat S, Simondon F. Risk factors for acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccine failure in Senegalese children. Vaccine. 2004;23:623–628. Doi 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.007.
27. Clark, T.A.; Messonnier, N.E.; Hadler, S.C. Pertussis control: Time for something new? Trends Microbiol. 2012, 20, 211–213. Doi 10.1016/j.tim.2012.03.003.
28. Klein NP, Bartlett J, Fireman B, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Baxter R. Comparative effectiveness of acellular versus whole-cell pertussis vaccines in teenagers. Pediatrics. 2013;131:e1716–e1722. Doi 10.1542/peds.2 012-3836.
29. Witt, M.A.; Arias, L.; Katz, P.H.; Truong, E.T.; Witt, D.J. Reduced risk of pertussis among persons ever vaccinated with whole cell pertussis vaccine compared to recipients of acellular pertussis vaccines in a large US cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2013, 56, 1248–1254. Doi 10.1093/cid/cit046.
30. Serra DO, Conover MS, Arnal L, et al. FHA-mediated cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesions are critical for Bordetella pertussis biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and in the mouse nose and the trachea. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28811. Doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0028811.
31. Warfel JM, Merkel TJ: Bordetella pertussis infection induces a mucosal IL-17 response and long-lived Th17 and Th1 immune memory cells in nonhuman primates. Mucosal Immunol. 2013;6(4):787–96. Doi 10.1038/mi.2012.117.
32. Sadarangani M. Protection against invasive infections in children caused by encapsulated bacteria. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2674. Doi 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02674.
33. Mallory M, Lindesmith LC, Baric RS. Vaccination-induced herd immunity: successes and challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(1):64-6. Doi 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.007.
34. Warfel JM, Zimmerman LI, Merkel TJ: Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(2):787–92. Doi 10.1073/pnas.1314688110.
35. Warfel JM, Merkel TJ: The baboon model of pertussis: effective use and lessons for pertussis vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014; 13(10):1241–52. Doi 10.1586/14760584.2014.946016.
36. Warfel JM, Papin JF, Wolf RF, et al. Maternal and neonatal vaccination protects newborn baboons from pertussis infection. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(4):604–10. Doi 10.1093/ infdis/jiu090.
37. Warfel JM, Zimmerman LI, Merkel TJ. Comparison of three whole-cell pertussis Vaccines in the baboon model of pertussis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015;23(1):47–54. Doi 10.1128/CVI.00449-15.
38. Preziosi MP, Halloran ME. Effects of pertussis vaccination on transmission: vaccine efficacy for infectiousness. Vaccine. 2003;21 (17–18):1853–61.doi 10.1016/s0264-410x(03) 00007-0.
39. Gill CJ, Rohani P, Thea DM. The relationship between mucosal immunity, asymptomatic transmission and the resurgence of Bordetella pertussis. [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] F1000Research. 2017;6(F1000 Faculty Rev):1568. Doi 10.126 88/f1000research.11654.1.
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