The Role of Vitamin D in Prevention, Treatment, and Health Recovery of COVID-19 Patients (Literature Review)

Main Article Content

Demsa Simbolon

Abstract

One non-pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 involves the consumption of vitamin D, which has been shown to positively impact the body's immune system. It can lower the risk of infection and contribute to both specific and non-specific immunity, including enhancing physical barriers, natural cellular immunity, and the adaptive immune system. However, further evidence is necessary to elucidate vitamin D's exact role in preventing, treating, and aiding recovery in individuals with COVID-19. This study aims to explore the role of vitamin D in preventing, treating severity, and promoting the recovery of individuals with COVID-19. Conducted through a literature review utilizing a summarized methodology, the study examines the findings regarding vitamin D's impact on the health outcomes of COVID-19 patients. The analysis of 11 relevant articles suggests that vitamin D does indeed play a crucial role in preventing, treating, and aiding recovery in individuals with COVID-19. It appears to reduce the severity of respiratory infections, strengthen the immune systems of COVID-19 patients, and potentially expedite recovery, as evidenced by shorter hospitalization periods among those supplemented with vitamin D.

Keywords: Covid-19, Prevention, Treatment, Recovery, Vitamin D

Article Details

How to Cite
SIMBOLON, Demsa. The Role of Vitamin D in Prevention, Treatment, and Health Recovery of COVID-19 Patients (Literature Review). Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 3, mar. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5251>. Date accessed: 03 july 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i3.5251.
Section
Review Articles

References

1. Sukur moch H, Kurniadi B, Harus, Faradillahisari R. Penanganan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan. Inicio Legis. 2020;1(1):1-17. doi:10.21107/il.v1i1.8822

2. Fitriani NI. Tinjauan Pustaka Covid-19: Virologi, Patogenesis, dan Manifestasi Klinis. Sustain. 2020;14(2):1-4.

3. Sumarni S. Kerja harmoni zat gizi dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh terhadap Covid-19: Mini Review. Amerta Nutr. 2020;4(3):250-256.

4. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard.; 2022. https://covid19.who.int/.%0A(accessed May 20, 2022).

5. Kemenkes. Situasi Terkini Perkembangan Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) 25 November 2021.; 2021.

6. Ardiaria M. Peran Vitamin D Dalam Pencegahan Influenza Dan Covid-19. JNH (Journal Nutr Heal. 2020;8(2):79-85. doi:10.14 710/JNH.8.2.2020.79-85

7. Berhandus C, Ongkowijaya JA, Pandelaki K. Hubungan Kadar Vitamin D dan Kadar C-Reactive Protein dengan Klinis Pasien Coronavirus Disease 2019. e-CliniC. 2021;9(2) :370-378. doi:10.35790/ecl.v9i2.33043

8. Puspitasari G, Puspita D. Defisiensi Vitamin D dengan Tingkat Mortalitas Pasien COVID-19 yang Dirawat di Rumah Sakit. Higeia J Public Heal Res Dev. 2022;6(1):20-30. doi : https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia/v6i1.49618

9. Deluccia R, Clegg D, Sukumar D. The implications of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 for at-risk populations. Nutr Rev. 2021;79(2 ):227-234. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa092

10. Farhan A. Pengaruh Vitamin D Terhadap Tingkat Keparahan Covid-9. J Holist Tradit Med. 2021;6(2):588-594.

11. Ilie PC, Stefanescu S, Smith L. The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(7):1195-1198. doi:10.1 007/s40520-020-01570-8

12. Ali N. Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(10):1373-1380. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.021

13. Pinzon RT, Angela, Pradana AW. Vitamin D deficiency among patients with COVID-19: case series and recent literature review. Trop Med Health. 2020;48(102):1-7. doi:10.1186/s 41182-020-00277-w

14. Margarucci LM, Montanari E, Gianfranceschi G, et al. The role of vitamin D in prevention of COVID-19 and its severity: An umbrella review. Acta Biomed. 2021;92(6):1-16. doi:10.23750/abm.v92iS6.12216

15. Asyary A, Veruswati M. Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia. Sci Total Environ jour. 2020;729(139016):1-5.

16. Ohaegbulam KC, Swalih M, Patel P, Smith MA, Perrin R. Vitamin D Supplementation in COVID-19 Patients: A Clinical Case Series. Am J Ther. 2020;27(5):485-490. doi:10.1097/MJT. 0000000000001222

17. Sabico S, Enani MA, Shshah E, et al. Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in COVID-19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2021;13(2170):2-14. doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.2018899

18. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients. 2020;12(4 ):1-19. doi:10.3390/nu12040988

19. Katz J, Yue S, Xue W. Increased risk for COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Nutrition. 2020;84(111106):1-5.

20. Sulli A, Gotelli E, Casabella A, et al. Vitamin D and lung outcomes in elderly COVID-19 patients. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):1-13. doi:10.3390/nu13030717

21. Jain A, Chaurasia R, Sengar NS, Singh M, Mahor S, Narain S. Analysis of vitamin D level among asymptomatic and critically ill COVID-19 patients and its correlation with inflammatory markers. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1-8. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77093-z

22. Mexitalia M, Susilawati M, Pratiwi R, Susanto J. Vitamin D dan paparan sinar matahari untuk mencegah COVID-19. Fakta atau mitos ? Medica Hosp J Clin Med. 2020;7(1):320-328. doi:10.36408/mhjcm.v7i1a.474

23. Astuti Y. Vitamin D Dalam Kehamilan (Literature Review). J Ilm Pannmed (Pharmacyst, Nurse, Nutr Midwivery, Environ Dent Hyg. 2020;15(3):1-5.

24. Handono K, Nurdiana, Susianti N, et al. Vitamin D Dan Autoimunitas. UB Press; 2018.

25. Paramita, Louisa M. Berbagai Manfaat Vitamin D. CDK. 2017;44(10):736-740. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/399703-berbagai-manfaat-vitamin-d-12d38cfd.pdf

26. Fiannisa R. Vitamin D sebagai Pencegahan Penyakit Degeneratif hingga Keganasan. MEDULA Med Prof J Univ Lampung. 2019;9(4):385-392.

27. Istyanto F, Maghfiroh A. Peran Mikronutrisi Sebagai Upaya Dalam Pencegahan Covid-19. J Ilm Permas J Ilm STIKES Kendal. 2021;11(1):1-8.

28. Martineau AR, Forouhi NG. Vitamin D for COVID-19: a case to answer? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(9):735-736. doi:10.1016/S 2213-8587(20)30268-0

29. Joewono M. Waktu Berjemur Terbaik Guna Meningkatkan Vitamin D Dalam Pencegahan Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). J Media Kesehat. 2021;14(1):66-74. doi:10.33088/jmk.v14i1.622

30. Handayani RT. Pandemi Covid-19, Respon Imun Tubuh, Dan Herd Immunity. J Ilm Permas J Ilm Stikes Kendal. 2020;10(3):373-380.

31. Sooriyaarachchi P, Francis T V, King N, Jayawardena R. Increased physical inactivity and weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka: An online cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2021;15:1-8.

32. Khoiroh M, Atmaka DR, Ayuningtyas PR. Effectiveness of vitamin D-based therapy in reducing clinical impact of Covid-19 patients: A systematic review. Rom J Diabetes, Nutr Metab Dis. 2021;28(3):331-336. doi:10.46389 /rjd-2021-1050

33. Liu N, Sun J, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhao M, Li H. Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;104:58-64. doi:10.1016/j.ijid. 2020.12.077

34. Saraswati NAS, Amanda DA, Wijaya H. Vitamin D dan COVID-19: Tinjauan Literatur. Cermin Dunia Kedokt. 2022;49(2):98-101. doi:10.55175/cdk.v49i2.199

35. Kralj M, Jakovac H. Vitamin D, and COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient with multiple comorbidities—A Case Report. Clin Case Reports. 2021;9(4):2269-2275. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.4010

36. Mohan M, Cherian JJ, Sharma A. Exploring links between Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(9):1-6. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008874

37. Panagiotou G, Tee SA, Ihsan Y, et al. Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25D) Levels in Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19 Are Associated with Greater Disease Severity: Results of a Local Audit of Practice.; 2020. pesquisa.bvsalud.org

38. Alipio M. Vitamin D Supplementation Could Possibly Improve Clinical Outcomes of Patients Infected with Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-2019). SSRN Electron J. 2020;(82):1-6. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3571484