Association between age at first oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in women-Nouakchott, Mauritania, May - October 2021

Main Article Content

Mohamedou HMEIED MAHAM Jean KABORE Meimouna DEOULA Djibril BARRY Yoda HERMANN Ekhtel benina ZEIN Ahmedou TOLBA Selma MOHAMED BRAHIM Mohamedou MOHAMED SALEM Pauline. K. YANOGO Nicolas. MEDA

Abstract

Introduction: In Mauritania, breast cancer affects 44.9 women per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020 and is the most common cancer. In a context where two-thirds of women use oral contraceptives and nearly one-third of marriages are early, this study examines the association between the age of first use of oral contraceptives and breast cancer among women in Mauritania.


Methods: A case-control study (192 cases for 192 controls) was conducted at the Nouakchott Oncology Center from 01 May 2021 to 31 October 2021. A case was defined and so was a witness. A logistic regression was performed with SAS® 9.4 software to estimate the odds ratio of breast cancer associated with age of first oral contraceptive use independent of other characteristics.


Results: Half of the patients were from Nouakchott (50.5%), 41.7%, 57.8% and 85.4% were married, uneducated and housewives, respectively. The median age was similar in cases and controls. About 11% of cases and 18.7% of controls used oral contraceptives for the first time before the age of 24, and more than 64% had never used oral contraceptives. After adjusting for possible confounders, age at first oral contraceptive use (<24 years) was significantly associated with breast cancer (adjusted OR = 3.07, 95% CI 1.09-8.82; p = 0.0372) independently of other characteristics.


Conclusions: The study shows that the age of first use of oral contraceptives, less than 24 years, is a risk factor for breast cancer in women followed at the Nouakchott Oncology Center. Sensitization of women on alternative contraceptive methods and early marriage is recommended.

Keywords: Oral contraceptives, Breast cancer, Logistic regression, Nouakchott, Mauritania

Article Details

How to Cite
MAHAM, Mohamedou HMEIED et al. Association between age at first oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in women-Nouakchott, Mauritania, May - October 2021. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 4, apr. 2024. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5318>. Date accessed: 03 july 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i4.5318.
Section
Research Articles

References

1. OMS. Cancer du sein. Accessed June 13, 2021. https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer

2. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet‐Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2015;65(2):87-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21262

3. Adeloye D, Sowunmi OY, Jacobs W, et al. Estimating the incidence of breast cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2018;8(1):010419. doi:10.7189 /jogh.08.010419

4. Globocan 2020 O. 478-mauritania-fact-sheets.pdf. Accessed May 15, 2021. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/478-mauritania-fact-sheets.pdf

5. Harvie M, Howell A, Evans DG. Can Diet and Lifestyle Prevent Breast Cancer: What Is the Evidence? American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. 2015;(35):e66-e73. doi:10.14694/EdBook_AM.2015.35.e66

6. Hayes J, Richardson A, Frampton C. Population attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women. Internal Medicine Journal. 2013;43(11):1198-1204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12256

7. Vessey MP, McPherson K, Doll R. Breast cancer and oral contraceptives: findings in Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981;282(6282):2093-2094.

8. Nkondjock A, Ghadirian P. Facteurs de risque du cancer du sein. Med Sci (Paris). 2005;21(2):175-180. doi:10.1051/medsci/2005212175

9. Patricia G. Moorman, Laura J. Havrilesky , Jennifer M. Gierisch , Remy R. Coeytaux , William J. Lowery. Contraceptifs oraux et risque de cancer de l’ovaire et du sein chez les femmes à haut risque: examen systématique et méta-analyse | Journal d’oncologie clinique.https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2013.48.9021?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed. Accessed May 3, 2021.

10. Soroush A, Farshchian N, Komasi S, Izadi N, Amirifard N, Shahmohammadi A. The Role of Oral Contraceptive Pills on Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in Iranian Populations: A Meta-analysis. J Cancer Prev. 2016;21(4):294-301. doi:10.15430/JCP.2016.21.4.294

11. Li L, Zhong Y, Zhang H, et al. Association between oral contraceptive use as a risk factor and triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017;7(1):76-80. doi:10.3892/mco. 2017.1259

12. Ji LW, Jing CX, Zhuang SL, Pan WC, Hu XP. Effect of age at first use of oral contraceptives on breast cancer risk. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(36). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015719

13. Zhu H, Lei X, Feng J, Wang Y, biotechnologie C national d’information sur la, Pike B nationale de médecine des ÉU 8600 R, MD B, États-Unis 20894. Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); 2012. Accessed May 3, 2021.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK121359/

14. Mørch LS, Skovlund CW, Hannaford PC, Iversen L, Fielding S, Lidegaard Ø. Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;377(23):2228-2239. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1700732

15. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Rao RS, et al. Case-Control Study of Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Breast Cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1996;143(1):25-37. doi:10.1 093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008654

16. van den Brandt, P. A., Goldbohm, R. A., & Collaborative Group on Hormona, L. F. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet. 1996;347(90 17):1713-1727. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)9 0806-5

17. DIDR-OFPRA. Les Mariages Forcés En Mauritanie 5a53852f4.Pdf. Accessed June 3, 2021.https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/5a53852f4.pdf

18. FR_Mauritanie_Core_Indicator_Summary_Fact_Sheet.Pdf. Accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.familyplanning2020.org/sites/default/files/Data-Hub/2019CI/FR_Mauritanie_Core_Indicator_Summary_Fact_Sheet.pdf

19. Mauritanie. In: Wikipédia. ; 2021. Accessed May 2, 2021. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauritanie&oldid=182230046

20. Bardaweel SK, Akour AA, Al-Muhaissen S, AlSalamat HA, Ammar K. Oral contraceptive and breast cancer: do benefits outweigh the risks? A case - control study from Jordan. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19(1):72. doi:10.1186/s 12905-019-0770-x

21. TryggvadÃ3ttir L, Tulinius H, GudmundsdÃ3ttir GB. Oral contraceptive use at a young age and the risk of breast cancer: an Icelandic, population-based cohort study of the effect of birth year. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(1):139-143.

22. Karlsson T, Johansson T, Höglund J, Ek WE, Johansson Å. Time-Dependent Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Breast, Ovarian, and Endometrial Cancers. Cancer Res. 2021;81(4):1153-1162. doi:10.1158/0008-547 2.CAN-20-2476

23. Ji LW, Jing CX, Zhuang SL, Pan WC, Hu XP. Effect of age at first use of oral contraceptives on breast cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(36):e15719. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015719

24. Abdou Azaque Zouré et al. Multiparity and Breast Cancer Risk Factor among Women in Burkina Faso. Accessed March 30, 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454642/