THE GLAUCOMA RIDDLE – Why do Patients Still Go Blind from Glaucoma Despite All the Advances in its Management?
Main Article Content
Abstract
Glaucoma is the first leading cause of preventable irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite significant resources and treatments, a substantial portion of patients go blind. This editorial examines the complexities surrounding glaucoma's progression, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and patient education. It underscores the imperative of early intervention, accurate risk assessment, and innovative strategies to mitigate the devastating impact of glaucoma-induced blindness on a global scale.
Article Details
How to Cite
JR, Remo Susanna Jr; SUSANNA, Fernanda N.; SUSANNA, Carolina N..
THE GLAUCOMA RIDDLE – Why do Patients Still Go Blind from Glaucoma Despite All the Advances in its Management?.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 4, apr. 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5340>. Date accessed: 27 july 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i4.5340.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
1. Parihar JKS. Glaucoma: The ‘black hole’ of irreversible blindness. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2016;72(1):3-4. Doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2015.12.001
2. 2021 from EN. Progression despite IOP reduction? issuu. October 21, 2021. Accessed March 6, 2024. https://issuu.com/eurotimes/docs/eurotimes_nov21/s/13749093.
3. Quigley H. Will you go blind? . Will you go blind? March 6, 2024. Accessed April 2, 2024. https://learn.wilmer.jhu.edu/glaucomabook/chapter_will_you_go_blind.html.
4. Malihi M, Moura Filho ER, Hodge DO, Sit AJ. Long-term trends in glaucoma-related blindness in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ophthalmology. 2014 Jan;121(1):134-141. Doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Oct 25. PMID: 24823760; PMCID: PMC4038428.
5. Glasziou P, Chalmers I. Research waste is still a scandal—an essay by Paul Glasziou and Iain Chalmers. BMJ. Published online November 12, 2018. Doi:10.1136/bmj.k4645
6. Tatham AJ, Medeiros FA. Detecting Structural Progression in Glaucoma with Optical Coherence Tomography. Ophthalmology. 2017 Dec;124(12S):S57-S65
7. Vessani RM, Moritz R, Batis L, Zagui RB, Bernardoni S, Susanna R. Comparison of quantitative imaging devices and subjective optic nerve head assessment by general ophthalmologists to differentiate normal from glaucomatous eyes. J Glaucoma. 2009 Mar;18(3):253-61.
Doi:10.1097/IJG.0b013e31818153da. PMID: 19295383.
8. Reus NJ, Lemij HG, Garway-Heath DF, Airaksinen PJ, Anton A, Bron AM, Faschinger C, Holló G, Iester M, Jonas JB, Mistlberger A, Topouzis F, Zeyen TG. Clinical assessment of stereoscopic optic disc photographs for glaucoma: the European Optic Disc Assessment Trial. Ophthalmology. 2010 Apr;117(4):717-23. Doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.09.026. Epub 2010 Jan 4. PMID: 20045571
9. Robert Fechner, personal communication.
10. Vessani Konstas AG, Kahook MY, Araie M, Katsanos A, Quaranta L, Rossetti L, Holló G, Detorakis ET, Oddone F, Mikropoulos DG, Dutton GN. Diurnal and 24-h Intraocular Pressures in Glaucoma: Monitoring Strategies and Impact on Prognosis and Treatment. Adv Ther. 2018 Nov;35(11):1775-1804. Doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0812-z. Epub 2018 Oct 20. PMID: 30341506; PMCID: PMC6223998.
11. Susanna R Jr, Clement C, Goldberg I, Hatanaka M. Applications of the water drinking test in glaucoma management. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017 Aug;45(6):625-631.
12. Goldberg I, Clement CI. The water drinking test. Am J Ophthalmol 2010;150:447-449.
13. Kronfeld C. Water drinking and outflow facility. Invest Ophthalmol 1975;14:49-52.
14. Susanna R, Hatanaka M, Vessani RM, Pinheiro A, Morita C. Correlation of asymmetric glaucomatous visual field damage and water-drinking test response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:641–644.
15. De Moraes CG, Susanna R, Sakata LM, Hatanaka M. Predictive value of the water drinking test and the risk of glaucomatous visual field progression. J Glaucoma 2017;26:767–773.
16. Susanna R, Vessani RM, Sakata L, Zacarias LC, Hatanaka, M. The relation between intraocular pressure peak in the water drinking test and visual field progression in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:1298–1301.
17. Gameiro G, Monsalve P, Golubev I, Ventura L, Porciatti V. Neurovascular changes associated with the water drinking test. J Glaucoma 2018;27:429–432.
18. Susanna CN, Susanna R Jr, Hatanaka M, Susanna BN, Susanna FN, De Moraes CG. Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Changes During the Water Drinking Test Between Different Fluid Volumes in Patients With Primary Open-angle Glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2018;27(11):950-956.
19. Susanna R, Hatanaka M, Vessani RM, Pinheiro A, Morita C. Correlation of asymmetric glaucomatous visual field damage and water-drinking test response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [Internet]. 2006 Feb [cited 2022 Nov 22];47(2):641-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16431962/
20. Susanna CN, Susanna BN, Susanna FN, Susanna R, de Moraes CG. Peak Intraocular Pressure Time during Water Drinking Test and Its Relationship with Glaucoma Severity. J Ophthalmic Vis Res [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Nov 22];17(1):27. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC8850851/
21. Hatanaka M, Alencar LM, de Moraes CG, Susanna R. Reproducibility of intraocular pressure peak and fluctuation of the water-drinking test. Clin Exp Ophthalmol [Internet]. 2013 May [cited 2022 Nov 22];41(4):355–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23009734/
22. Babic M, de Moraes CG, Hatanaka M, Ju G, Susanna R. Reproducibility of the water drinking test in treated glaucomatous patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol [Internet]. 2015 Apr 1 [cited 2022 Nov 22];43(3):228–33. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25214176/
23. Bickler-Bluth, M., Trick, G.L., Kolker, A.E., Cooper, D.G., Assessing the utility of reliability indices for automated visual fields. Testing ocular hypertensives. Ophthalmology 96 (5), 616–61
24. Heijl, A., Asman, P., 1995. Pitfalls of automated perimetry in glaucoma diagnosis. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 6 (2), 46–51.
25. Katz, J., Sommer, A., Reliability indexes of automated perimetric tests. Arch Ophthal. 106 (9), 1252–1254.
26. Tatham AJ, Medeiros FA. Detecting structural progression in glaucoma with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(12S):S57-S65.
27. Medeiros FA, Lisboa R, Weinreb RN, Girkin CA, Liebmann JM, Zangwill LM. A combined index of structure and function for staging glaucomatous damage. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(9):1107-1116. Doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.827.
2. 2021 from EN. Progression despite IOP reduction? issuu. October 21, 2021. Accessed March 6, 2024. https://issuu.com/eurotimes/docs/eurotimes_nov21/s/13749093.
3. Quigley H. Will you go blind? . Will you go blind? March 6, 2024. Accessed April 2, 2024. https://learn.wilmer.jhu.edu/glaucomabook/chapter_will_you_go_blind.html.
4. Malihi M, Moura Filho ER, Hodge DO, Sit AJ. Long-term trends in glaucoma-related blindness in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ophthalmology. 2014 Jan;121(1):134-141. Doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Oct 25. PMID: 24823760; PMCID: PMC4038428.
5. Glasziou P, Chalmers I. Research waste is still a scandal—an essay by Paul Glasziou and Iain Chalmers. BMJ. Published online November 12, 2018. Doi:10.1136/bmj.k4645
6. Tatham AJ, Medeiros FA. Detecting Structural Progression in Glaucoma with Optical Coherence Tomography. Ophthalmology. 2017 Dec;124(12S):S57-S65
7. Vessani RM, Moritz R, Batis L, Zagui RB, Bernardoni S, Susanna R. Comparison of quantitative imaging devices and subjective optic nerve head assessment by general ophthalmologists to differentiate normal from glaucomatous eyes. J Glaucoma. 2009 Mar;18(3):253-61.
Doi:10.1097/IJG.0b013e31818153da. PMID: 19295383.
8. Reus NJ, Lemij HG, Garway-Heath DF, Airaksinen PJ, Anton A, Bron AM, Faschinger C, Holló G, Iester M, Jonas JB, Mistlberger A, Topouzis F, Zeyen TG. Clinical assessment of stereoscopic optic disc photographs for glaucoma: the European Optic Disc Assessment Trial. Ophthalmology. 2010 Apr;117(4):717-23. Doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.09.026. Epub 2010 Jan 4. PMID: 20045571
9. Robert Fechner, personal communication.
10. Vessani Konstas AG, Kahook MY, Araie M, Katsanos A, Quaranta L, Rossetti L, Holló G, Detorakis ET, Oddone F, Mikropoulos DG, Dutton GN. Diurnal and 24-h Intraocular Pressures in Glaucoma: Monitoring Strategies and Impact on Prognosis and Treatment. Adv Ther. 2018 Nov;35(11):1775-1804. Doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0812-z. Epub 2018 Oct 20. PMID: 30341506; PMCID: PMC6223998.
11. Susanna R Jr, Clement C, Goldberg I, Hatanaka M. Applications of the water drinking test in glaucoma management. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017 Aug;45(6):625-631.
12. Goldberg I, Clement CI. The water drinking test. Am J Ophthalmol 2010;150:447-449.
13. Kronfeld C. Water drinking and outflow facility. Invest Ophthalmol 1975;14:49-52.
14. Susanna R, Hatanaka M, Vessani RM, Pinheiro A, Morita C. Correlation of asymmetric glaucomatous visual field damage and water-drinking test response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:641–644.
15. De Moraes CG, Susanna R, Sakata LM, Hatanaka M. Predictive value of the water drinking test and the risk of glaucomatous visual field progression. J Glaucoma 2017;26:767–773.
16. Susanna R, Vessani RM, Sakata L, Zacarias LC, Hatanaka, M. The relation between intraocular pressure peak in the water drinking test and visual field progression in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:1298–1301.
17. Gameiro G, Monsalve P, Golubev I, Ventura L, Porciatti V. Neurovascular changes associated with the water drinking test. J Glaucoma 2018;27:429–432.
18. Susanna CN, Susanna R Jr, Hatanaka M, Susanna BN, Susanna FN, De Moraes CG. Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Changes During the Water Drinking Test Between Different Fluid Volumes in Patients With Primary Open-angle Glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2018;27(11):950-956.
19. Susanna R, Hatanaka M, Vessani RM, Pinheiro A, Morita C. Correlation of asymmetric glaucomatous visual field damage and water-drinking test response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [Internet]. 2006 Feb [cited 2022 Nov 22];47(2):641-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16431962/
20. Susanna CN, Susanna BN, Susanna FN, Susanna R, de Moraes CG. Peak Intraocular Pressure Time during Water Drinking Test and Its Relationship with Glaucoma Severity. J Ophthalmic Vis Res [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2022 Nov 22];17(1):27. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC8850851/
21. Hatanaka M, Alencar LM, de Moraes CG, Susanna R. Reproducibility of intraocular pressure peak and fluctuation of the water-drinking test. Clin Exp Ophthalmol [Internet]. 2013 May [cited 2022 Nov 22];41(4):355–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23009734/
22. Babic M, de Moraes CG, Hatanaka M, Ju G, Susanna R. Reproducibility of the water drinking test in treated glaucomatous patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol [Internet]. 2015 Apr 1 [cited 2022 Nov 22];43(3):228–33. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25214176/
23. Bickler-Bluth, M., Trick, G.L., Kolker, A.E., Cooper, D.G., Assessing the utility of reliability indices for automated visual fields. Testing ocular hypertensives. Ophthalmology 96 (5), 616–61
24. Heijl, A., Asman, P., 1995. Pitfalls of automated perimetry in glaucoma diagnosis. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 6 (2), 46–51.
25. Katz, J., Sommer, A., Reliability indexes of automated perimetric tests. Arch Ophthal. 106 (9), 1252–1254.
26. Tatham AJ, Medeiros FA. Detecting structural progression in glaucoma with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(12S):S57-S65.
27. Medeiros FA, Lisboa R, Weinreb RN, Girkin CA, Liebmann JM, Zangwill LM. A combined index of structure and function for staging glaucomatous damage. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(9):1107-1116. Doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.827.