Current Vaccine and Efficacy of COVID-19 in Latin America: Challenges and need for updated public health policy
Main Article Content
Abstract
In Latin America, the COVID-19 pandemic, which initially surged and is now a constant presence, has brought about significant health challenges due to disparities and differences in regional responses. Vaccination is not only a necessity but also a responsibility as the primary tool for prevention. However, its implementation has not been consistent across countries, leading to various challenges such as global demand, initial high costs, infrastructure limitations for distribution, public hesitance, and misinformation. Other issues, like vaccine efficacy in immunocompromised patients and the use of different vaccines, were initially questioned but are now regarded as strategies to protect patients. This region, with its unique traditions, also faces several risk factors including vaccine supply shortages, lack of vaccine manufacturing, overcrowded cities, and an increasing migrant population that adds to the vulnerability of the people, challenging countries to strive for equity in prevention strategies. It is important to address individual strategies in communities to increase vaccine uptake as part of public health policy, and collaboration between countries should be encouraged to reach more people. This review will provide information about the COVID-19 vaccines available in the region, their characteristics and composition, their use across countries, and the reported effectiveness in the general population and among those with weakened immune systems.
Article Details
How to Cite
REZA, Marco Villanueva et al.
Current Vaccine and Efficacy of COVID-19 in Latin America: Challenges and need for updated public health policy.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 6, june 2024.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/5393>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i6.5393.
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
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13. Abdoli A, Jamshidi H, Taqavian M, Baghal ML, Jalili H. Omicron-specific and bivalent omicron-containing vaccine candidates elicit potent virus neutralisation in the animal model. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1). Doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50822-w
14. Glaubitz A, Fu F. Population heterogeneity in vaccine coverage impacts epidemic thresholds and bifurcation dynamics. Heliyon. 2023;9(9). Doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19094
15. Carrat F, Villarroel PMS, Lapidus N, et al. Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1). Doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11787-4
16. Lynn DJ, Benson SC, Lynn MA, Pulendran B. Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: implications and potential mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022;22(1):33-46. Doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00554-7
17. Soni GK, Seth S, Arora S, et al. Harnessing the Power of Collaboration to Expand the Coverage and Equity of COVID-19 Vaccinations in India: A Community Collaboration Model. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(6). Doi:10.3390/vaccines11061022
18. Utami AM, Rendrayani F, Khoiry QA, et al. Economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review. J Glob Health. 2023;13. Doi:10.7189/jogh.13.06001
19. Vardavas C, Zisis K, Nikitara K, et al. Cost of the COVID-19 pandemic versus the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in EU/UK/OECD: A systematic review. BMJ Open. 2023;13(10). Doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077602
20. Shoham S, Batista C, Ben Amor Y, et al. Vaccines and therapeutics for immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;59. Doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101965
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